Guaraná (Paullinia cupana) improves the proliferation and oxidative metabolism of senescent adipocyte stem cells derived from human lipoaspirates

AbstractCellular senescence is a limiting factor in the proliferative expansion and quality of adult mesenchymal stem cells, often making them unviable in regenerative clinical practice. In vitro supplementation by antioxidant food extract of senescent mesenchymal stem cells could reverse these undesirable characteristics. To evaluate this hypothesis, senescent adipocyte-mesenchymal cells (ASCs) obtained from human lipoaspirates were exposed at different concentrations of hydro-alcoholic guaraná (Paullinia cupana) extract for 72h. After the incubation, we performed a proliferative assay. Oxidative stress indicators and antioxidant enzymes (biochemical activity and gene expression by qRT-PCR analysis) in these senescent cells were also evaluated. In senescent cells exposed to guaraná at 5mg/g concentration increased cellular proliferation occurred compared to untreated senescent cells (79.1±15.7%). Concomitantly, a decrease in several oxidative stress indicators was observed in senescent cells treated with guaraná. A genomic effect of guaraná exposure was observed when the modulation of antioxidant enzymes genes was analyzed. The results described here suggest that the food extract supplementation could reverse the initial senescence processes in ASCs. These results have potential application in regenerative medicine

Lifestyle, health characteristics and alcohol abuse in young adults who are non-daily smokers

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Despite the decline in the prevalence of tobacco use in many countries, including Brazil, there are growing numbers of smokers who continue to smoke at a low daily rate, or less frequently (non-daily smokers). This group needs to be better characterized in order to direct preventive actions and public health policies. The aim here was to compare lifestyle, health characteristics and alcoholism problems among young adult smokers, non-daily smokers and non-smokers. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study in which volunteers from the university community and its surrounds in Santa Maria, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were included between October 2007 and January 2008. METHODS: Out of 1240 volunteers initially contacted in a university cafeteria, a total of 728 participants of mean age 22.45 ± 3.32 years were selected for final analysis. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. RESULTS: In general, it was observed that the non-daily smokers showed intermediate characteristics in relation to the smokers and non-smokers. However, there was a significant association between non-daily smoking and alcohol abuse. The non-daily smokers presented an odds ratio of 2.4 (95% confidence interval: 1.10-5.48) in relation to the daily smokers and an odds ratio of 3.3 (confidence interval: 1.7-6.5) in relation to the non-smokers, with regard to presenting a positive CAGE test, thereby indicating alcohol abuse or dependence. CONCLUSION: The study suggested that non-daily smoking and alcohol consumption were concomitant behaviors