Anthropogenic-Induced Changes to Weather and Climate: An Overview

Human activities, since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, have caused measurable and significant changes to local and regional weather and climate, as well as to global climate. There is substantial evidence to show that anthropogenic influences have caused statistically significant changes to local and regional weather and climate, and have played a major role in the 0.6°C increase in global, low level temperature observed in the last 100 years. There is also an abundance of data that establishes a causal relationship between the 32% increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration that has occurred since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, and the observed temperature increase. Recent studies indicate plant and animal migrations toward higher latitudes, longer growing seasons, worldwide retreat of mountain glaciers, and decreases in sea-ice, all in response to the observed increase in global temperature. There is additional evidence from Project METROMEX, that was conducted in the Saint Louis, Missouri region during the summer months of 1971-1975. The study, designed to determine whether urbanization plays a role in local, inadvertent weather modification, demonstrated that temperature, precipitation, and wind flow patterns were significantly altered by the presence of this urban region. Four additional studies will be included that corroborate these findings

Anthropogenic-Induced Changes to Weather and Climate: An Overview

Human activities, since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, have caused measurable and significant changes to local and regional weather and climate, as well as to global climate. There is substantial evidence to show that anthropogenic influences have caused statistically significant changes to local and regional weather and climate, and have played a major role in the 0.6°C increase in global, low level temperature observed in the last 100 years. There is also an abundance of data that establishes a causal relationship between the 32% increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration that has occurred since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, and the observed temperature increase. Recent studies indicate plant and animal migrations toward higher latitudes, longer growing seasons, worldwide retreat of mountain glaciers, and decreases in sea-ice, all in response to the observed increase in global temperature. There is additional evidence from Project METROMEX, that was conducted in the Saint Louis, Missouri region during the summer months of 1971-1975. The study, designed to determine whether urbanization plays a role in local, inadvertent weather modification, demonstrated that temperature, precipitation, and wind flow patterns were significantly altered by the presence of this urban region. Four additional studies will be included that corroborate these findings

Weighing the giants – IV. Cosmology and neutrino mass

We employ robust weak gravitational lensing measurements to improve cosmological constraints from measurements of the galaxy cluster mass function and its evolution, using X-ray selected clusters detected in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. Our lensing analysis constrains the absolute mass scale of such clusters at the 8 per cent level, including both statistical and systematic uncertainties. Combining it with the survey data and X-ray follow-up observations, we find a tight constraint on a combination of the mean matter density and late-time normalization of the matter power spectrum, $\sigma_8(\Omega_m/0.3)^{0.17}=0.81\pm0.03$, with marginalized, one-dimensional constraints of $\Omega_m=0.26\pm0.03$ and $\sigma_8=0.83\pm0.04$. For these two parameters, this represents a factor of two improvement in precision with respect to previous work, primarily due to the reduced systematic uncertainty in the absolute mass calibration provided by the lensing analysis. Our new results are in good agreement with constraints from cosmic microwave background (CMB) data, both WMAP and Planck (plus WMAP polarization), under the assumption of a flat $\Lambda$CDM cosmology with minimal neutrino mass. Consequently, we find no evidence for non-minimal neutrino mass from the combination of cluster data with CMB, supernova and baryon acoustic oscillation measurements, regardless of which all-sky CMB data set is used (and independent of the recent claimed detection of B-modes on degree scales). We also present improved constraints on models of dark energy (both constant and evolving), modifications of gravity, and primordial non-Gaussianity. Assuming flatness, the constraints for a constant dark energy equation of state from the cluster data alone are at the 15 per cent level, improving to $\sim 6$ per cent when the cluster data are combined with other leading probes.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables. v3: typo in table A1 correcte

Linear Precipitation Characteristics in the Atomosphere

published or submitted for publicationis peer reviewedOpe

Investigation of the Quantitative Determination of Precipitation by Radar: Interim Report No. 2

published or submitted for publicationis peer reviewedOpe

Study of Rainout of Radioactivity in Illinois: Eleventh Progress Report

published or submitted for publicationis peer reviewedOpe

Linear Precipitation Characteristics in the Atmosphere, Final Report 1 September 1973 - 31 August 1976

Air Force Geophysics LaboratoryOpe

Summary of Radar-rainfall Research, 1952-1968

published or submitted for publicationis peer reviewedOpe

The citrus flavonoid naringenin impairs the in vitro infection of human cells by Zika virus

Submitted by Manoel Barata ([email protected]) on 2019-12-03T19:15:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 s41598-019-52626-3ok.pdf: 5313799 bytes, checksum: d20c9fb2c504897a712c12579e70ca58 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Manoel Barata ([email protected]) on 2019-12-18T20:05:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 s41598-019-52626-3ok.pdf: 5313799 bytes, checksum: d20c9fb2c504897a712c12579e70ca58 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-18T20:05:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 s41598-019-52626-3ok.pdf: 5313799 bytes, checksum: d20c9fb2c504897a712c12579e70ca58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Laboratório de Virologia Molecular. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Laboratório de Virologia Molecular. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Laboratório de Virologia Molecular. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Laboratório de Virologia Molecular. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Laboratório de Virologia Molecular. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Laboratório de Virologia Molecular. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Laboratório de Virologia Molecular. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas. Departamento de Física e Química. Laboratório de Física Biológica. Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil.Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas. Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas. Laboratório de Glicoimunologia. Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Laboratório de Células Tronco. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Laboratório de Células Tronco. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Laboratório de Virologia Molecular. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Laboratório de Virologia Molecular. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Laboratório de Virologia Molecular. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.The Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family. The ZIKV infection is usually asymptomatic or is associated with mild clinical manifestations; however, increased numbers of cases of microcephaly and birth defects have been recently reported. To date, neither a vaccine nor an antiviral treatment has become available to control ZIKV replication. Among the natural compounds recognized for their medical properties, flavonoids, which can be found in fruits and vegetables, have been found to possess biological activity against a variety of viruses. Here, we demonstrate that the citrus flavanone naringenin (NAR) prevented ZIKV infection in human A549 cells in a concentration-dependent and ZIKV-lineage independent manner. NAR antiviral activity was also observed when primary human monocyte-derived dendritic cells were infected by ZIKV. NAR displayed its antiviral activity when the cells were treated after infection, suggesting that NAR acts on the viral replication or assembly of viral particles. Moreover, a molecular docking analysis suggests a potential interaction between NAR and the protease domain of the NS2B-NS3 protein of ZIKV which could explain the anti-ZIKV activity of NAR. Finally, the results support the potential of NAR as a suitable candidate molecule for developing anti-ZIKV treatments