Quercetina y entrenamiento. Análisis del estrés oxidativo y la biogénesis mitocondrial en tejidos con diferente actividad metabólica

[ES] El propósito de la presente Tesis Doctoral fue analizar los efectos ergogénicos de la quercetina cuando se suplementa durante el ejercicio. Así como conocer los efectos de este flavonoide en las adaptaciones del músculo esquelético y varias porciones del cerebro al ejercicio. Para ello se utilizó un modelo de ratas dividido en cuatro grupos: i) grupo control (ni quercetina ni entrenamiento); ii) grupo entrenado, iii) grupo quercetina y iv) grupo quercetina y entrenado. Tras 6 semanas de tratamiento se vio que la quercetina es incapaz de mejorar el rendimiento tanto en las ratas sedentarias como en las entrenadas. Por otro lado, la quercetina incrementa el daño oxidativo en todos los tejidos, y aunque parece mimetizar los efectos del ejercicio en la biogénesis mitocondrial si la quercetina se suplementa durante el ejercicio este efecto es impedido. La quercetina no proporciona ninguna ventaja para las adaptaciones celulares inducidas por el ejercicio[EN] The aim of the present PhD Thesis was to analyze ergogenic effects of quercetin when it is supplemented during exercise. The second goal was to know quercetin's effect on skeletal muscle and brain adaptations to exercise. For this purpose rats were allocated into 4 groups: i) control group (sedentary and no quercetin ingestion); ii) exercised group; iii) quercetin group; iv) quercetin and exercised group. After 6 weeks of treatment it was shown that quercetin is unable to increase exercise performance neither in sedentary nor in exercised rats. Moreover, quercetin increase oxidative damage in both sedentary and concomitant with exercise. Quercetin seems to be an exercise mimetic in regards to mitochondrial biogenesis, however, when quercetin is supplemented during exercise mitochondrial biogenesis is hampered. Thus, quercetin does not provide any advantage for cellular adaptations in response to exerciseTesis Univ. Jaén. Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, leída el 21 de marzo de 201

Does Hypoxia and Stress Erythropoiesis Compromise Cardiac Function in Healthy Adults A Randomized Trial

Objectives: To investigate whether recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) injections during an altitude training camp impact heart function. Methods: Thirty (12 women) moderately trained subjects stayed at 2320 m altitude for 4 weeks while training. Subjects were randomized to placebo (isotonic saline) or rHuEPO (20 IU/kg body weight) i.v. injections. Transthoracic echocardiography imaging was acquired 3 days after arrival to altitude and prior to the first placebo or rHuEPO injection as well as one day after the last rHuEPO injection three weeks later. Results: rHuEPO did not alter cardiovascular morphology parameters, systolic or diastolic function. In the placebo group, altitude exposure improved left ventricle (LV) systolic function due to an increased twist angle but rHuEPO had no additional effects. Pulmonary arterial systolic pressure was unaffected in either group. Notably, rHuEPO hampered LV untwist rate without affecting LV early filling. Conclusion: rHuEPO provided during mild altitude exposure does not cause any major effects on heart function. The observed alteration in LV untwist induced by rHuEPO is unlikely to have a meaningful clinical effect.World Anti-Doping Agency ISF17R02N

Differential inflammatory response of men and women subjected to an acute resistance exercise

This work was possible thanks to the funding that Junta de Andaluca awarded to the research group CTS454. J Arag?onVela was awarded a Formaci?on de Profesorado Universitario (FPU) fellowship from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports of the Spanish Government (AP20121867) . This paper was part of Jer?onimo Arag?on Vela's PhD thesis, performed within the "Nutrition and Food Sciences Program" at the University of Granada, Spain. We thank Nutraceutical Trans-lations for English language editing of this manuscript.Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the inflammatory response, lipid peroxidation and muscle damage in men and women athletes subjected to an acute resistance exercise. Methods: Twenty college athletes (10 men and 10 women) performed a half-squat exercise consisting of five incremental intensities: 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of the onerepetition maximum. Blood samples were collected at rest, 15 min and 24 h post-test. The concentration of lipid peroxidation markers and the activities of a skeletal muscle damage marker and a cardiac muscle damage marker were determined in serum. Serum aactin was measured as a marker of sarcomere damage. Serum levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were determined to assess the inflammatory response. Results: Interleukin-6 levels were higher at 24 h post-test than at rest and 15 min post-test in men (p < 0.05). Moreover, men showed significantly higher hydroperoxide levels in response to resistance exercise at 24 h post-test than at 15 min post-test (p < 0.05). No differences were found in muscle damage parameters regardless of sex or the time point of the test. No differences regarding the studied variables were found when comparing among different time points in women. Conclusion: Our results show a larger influence of half-squat exercises on the release of IL6 and on lipid peroxidation in men than in women at equivalent workloads.Junta de Andalucia CTS-454Formacion de Profesorado Universitario (FPU) fellowship from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports of the Spanish Government AP2012-186

Does Hypoxia and Stress Erythropoiesis Compromise Cardiac Function in Healthy Adults? A Randomized Trial

Objectives: To investigate whether recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) injections during an altitude training camp impact heart function. Methods: Thirty (12 women) moderately trained subjects stayed at 2320 m altitude for 4 weeks while training. Subjects were randomized to placebo (isotonic saline) or rHuEPO (20 IU/kg body weight) i.v. injections. Transthoracic echocardiography imaging was acquired 3 days after arrival to altitude and prior to the first placebo or rHuEPO injection as well as one day after the last rHuEPO injection three weeks later. Results: rHuEPO did not alter cardiovascular morphology parameters, systolic or diastolic function. In the placebo group, altitude exposure improved left ventricle (LV) systolic function due to an increased twist angle but rHuEPO had no additional effects. Pulmonary arterial systolic pressure was unaffected in either group. Notably, rHuEPO hampered LV untwist rate without affecting LV early filling. Conclusion: rHuEPO provided during mild altitude exposure does not cause any major effects on heart function. The observed alteration in LV untwist induced by rHuEPO is unlikely to have a meaningful clinical effect

Physiological Doses of Hydroxytyrosol Modulate Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle of Exercised Rats

This study was supported by the grant #3650 managed by Fundacion General EmpresaUniversidad de Granada and by the investigation group CTS-454 "Impacto fisiologico del estres oxidativo, deporte, actividad fisica y salud".We tested whether physiological doses of hydroxytyrosol (HT) may alter the mRNA transcription of key metabolic genes in exercised skeletal muscle. Two groups of exercise-trained Wistar rats, HTlow and HTmid, were supplemented with 0.31 and 4.61 mg/kg/d of HT, respectively, for 10 weeks. Another two groups of rats were not supplemented with HT; one remained sedentary and the other one was exercised. After the experimental period, the soleus muscle was removed for qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. The consumption of 4.61 mg/kg/d of HT during exercise increased the mRNA expression of important metabolic proteins. Specifically, 4.61 mg/kg/d of HT may upregulate long-chain fatty acid oxidation, lactate, and glucose oxidation as well as mitochondrial Krebs cycle in trained skeletal muscle. However, a 4.61 mg/kg/d of HT may alter protein translation, as in spite of the increment showed by CD36 and GLUT4 at the mRNA level this was not translated to higher protein content.3650 CTS-45

Mitochondrial Functionality in Inflammatory Pathology-Modulatory Role of Physical Activity

The incidence and severity of metabolic diseases can be reduced by introducing healthy lifestyle habits including moderate exercise. A common observation in age-related metabolic diseases is an increment in systemic inflammation (the so-called inflammaging) where mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production may have a key role. Exercise prevents these metabolic pathologies, at least in part, due to its ability to alter immunometabolism, e.g., reducing systemic inflammation and by improving immune cell metabolism. Here, we review how exercise regulates immunometabolism within contracting muscles. In fact, we discuss how circulating and resident macrophages alter their function due to mitochondrial signaling, and we propose how these effects can be triggered within skeletal muscle in response to exercise. Finally, we also describe how exercise-induced mitochondrial adaptations can help to fight against virus infection. Moreover, the fact that moderate exercise increases circulating immune cells must be taken into account by public health agencies, as it may help prevent virus spread. This is of interest in order to face not only acute respiratory-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic but also for future virus infection challenges

Assessment of the Phytochemical and Nutrimental Composition of Dark Chia Seed (Salvia hispánica L.)

Chia seeds are rich sources of different macro and micronutrients associated with health benefits; thus, they may be considered as a functional food. However, the composition depends on the variety, origin, climate and soil. Here, we show a comprehensive characterization of extractable and non-extractable phenolic compounds of dark chia seed Salvia hispanica L. using high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–quadrupole time-of-flight (HPLC-ESI-QTOF) and discuss potential health benefits associated with the presence of a number of nutritional and bioactive compounds. We report that dark chia from Jalisco is a high-fiber food, containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids (phenylalanine and tryptophan), and nucleosides (adenosine, guanidine and uridine), and rich in antioxidant phenolic compounds, mainly caffeic acid metabolites. Our data suggest that chia seeds may be used as ingredients for the development of functional foods and dietary supplements.Investigation group CTS-454 “Impacto fisiológico del estrés oxidativo, deporte, actividad física y salud

Sars-Cov-2 Infection in Patients on Long-Term Treatment with Macrolides in Spain: A National Cross-Sectional Study

The aim of this study was to know the prevalence and severity of COVID-19 in patients treated with long-term macrolides and to describe the factors associated with worse outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Primary Care setting. Patients with macrolides dispensed continuously from 1 October 2019 to 31 March 2020, were considered. Main outcome: diagnosis of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Secondary outcomes: symptoms, severity, characteristics of patients, comorbidities, concomitant treatments. A total of 3057 patients met the inclusion criteria. Median age: 73 (64–81) years; 55% were men; 62% smokers/ex-smokers; 56% obese/overweight. Overall, 95% of patients had chronic respiratory diseases and four comorbidities as a median. Prevalence of COVID-19: 4.8%. This was in accordance with official data during the first wave of the pandemic. The most common symptoms were respiratory: shortness of breath, cough, and pneumonia. Additionally, 53% percent of patients had mild/moderate symptoms, 28% required hospital admission, and 19% died with COVID-19. The percentage of patients hospitalized and deaths were 2.6 and 5.8 times higher, respectively, in the COVID-19 group (p &lt; 0.001). There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of long-term courses of macrolides in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection or the progression to worse outcomes in old patients with underlying chronic respiratory diseases and a high burden of comorbidity