Liquid Wastes: the case of beauty parlors

El objetivo principal de este estudio preliminar consistió en el análisis de las fortalezas y las debilidades en el manejo de desechos líquidos en cinco salas de belleza para apoyar estudios posteriores. Adicionalmente, se realizó un muestreo de aguas residuales en dos de los salones de belleza, S1 y S2, en los que se recolectaron muestras compuestas durante un día laboral. Los valores promedio de pH, amonio, DQO y grasas y aceites superaron los límites permitidos en la legislación costarricense, estos fueron respectivamente: 7,96 ± 0,01; 0,38 ± 0,01 mg N/L; 77 ± 13 mg O2/L y 1905,0 ± 0,1 mg/L, para S1 y 8,88 ± 0,01, 57,4 ±0,2 mg N/L; 240 ± 128 mg O2/L y 2775,0 ± 0,1 mg/L, para S2. Se evidenció que la calidad del agua y el cumplimiento de la normativa vigente son dependientes del tipo de productos utilizados (biodegradables o no, con o sin amoniaco). Aunque los volúmenes de vertido son intermitentes y pequeños, estos desechos pueden impactar negativamenteel ambiente.The main objective of this preliminary study was to identify strengths and weaknesses of wastewater management in five beauty parlors to sustain further studies. Additionally, in two of the beauty parlors, S1 and S2, a representative wastewater sample during one day of labor was collected. The average values of pH, ammonium, COD and fats and oils were respectively: 7,96 ± 0,01; 0,38 ± 0,01 mg N/L; 77 ± 13 mg O2/L and 1905,0 ± 0,1 mg/L, for S1 and 8,88 ± 0,01; 57,4 ±0.2 mg N/L, 240 ± 128 mg O2/L and 2775,0 ± 0,1 mg/L, for S2. The fulfillment of the water quality standards is dependent of the type of products (biodegradable or not, with or without ammonia). Even though the volumes of discharge are intermittent and small, they generate negative impacts to the environment

Exposure to secondhand aerosol from electronic cigarettes at homes: A real-life study in four European countries

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use emits potentially hazardous compounds and deteriorates indoor air quality. Home is a place where e-cigarettes may frequently be used amid its increasing prohibition in public places. This study assessed the real-life scenario of bystanders' exposure to secondhand e-cigarette aerosol (SHA) at home. A one-week observational study was conducted within the TackSHS project in four countries (Greece, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom) in 2019 including: 1) homes of e-cigarette users living together with a non-user/non-smoker; and 2) control homes with no smokers nor e-cigarette users. Indoor airborne nicotine, PM2.5, and PM1.0 concentrations were measured as environmental markers of SHA. Biomarkers, including nicotine and its metabolites, tobacco -specific nitrosamines, propanediol, glycerol, and metals were measured in participants' saliva and urine samples. E-cigarette use characteristics, such as e-cigarette refill liquid's nicotine concentration, e-cigarette type, place of e-cigarette use at home, and frequency of ventilation, were also collected. A total of 29 e-cigarette users' homes and 21 control homes were included. The results showed that the seven-day concentrations of airborne nicotine were quantifiable in 21 (72.4 %) out of 29 e-cigarette users' homes; overall, they were quite low (geometric mean: 0.01 mu g/m3; 95 % CI: 0.01-0.02 mu g/m(3)) and were all below the limit of quantification in control homes. Seven-day concentrations of PM2.5 and PM1.0 in e-cigarette and control homes were similar. Airborne nicotine and PM concentrations did not differ according to different e-cigarette use characteristics. Non-users residing with e-cigarette users had low but significantly higher levels of cotinine, 3 '-OH-cotinine and 1,2-propanediol in saliva, and cobalt in urine than non-users living in control homes. In conclusion, e-cigarette use at home created bystanders' exposure to SHA regardless of the e-cigarette use characteristics. Further studies are warranted to assess the implications of SHA exposure for smoke-free policy

Envejecimiento de la población

•Actividades básicas de la vida diaria en personas mayores y factores asociados •Asociación entre depresión y posesión de mascotas en personas mayores •Calidad de vida en adultos mayores de Santiago aplicando el instrumento WHOQOL-BREF •Calidad de vida en usuarios con enfermedad de Parkinson, demencia y sus cuidadores, comuna de Vitacura •Caracterización de egresos hospitalarios de adultos mayores en Puerto Natales (2007-2009) •Comportamiento de las patologías incluidas como GES para el adulto mayor atendido en un Cesfam •Contribución de vitaminas y minerales a las ingestas recomendadas diarias en ancianos institucionalizados de Madrid •Estado de salud oral del paciente inscrito en el Programa de Visita Domiciliaria •Evaluación del programa de discapacidad severa en Casablanca con la matriz de marco lógico •Factores asociados a satisfacción vital en una cohorte de adultos mayores de Santiago, Chile •Pauta instrumental para la identificación de riesgos para el adulto mayor autovalente, en su vivienda •Perfil farmacológico del paciente geriátrico institucionalizado y posibles consecuencias en el deterioro cognitivo •Programa de cuidados paliativos y alivio del dolor en Puerto Natales •Rehabilitación mandibular implantoprotésica: efecto en calidad de vida relacionada con salud bucal en adultos mayores •Salud bucodental en adultos mayores autovalentes de la Región de Valparaíso •Transición epidemiológica y el estudio de carga de enfermedad en Brasi

Exposure to secondhand and thirdhand smoke in private vehicles: Measurements in air and dust samples

Background: This study aimed to estimate airborne nicotine concentrations and nicotine, cotinine, and tobaccospecific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in settled dust from private cars in Spain and the UK. Methods: We measured vapor-phase nicotine concentrations in a convenience sample of 45 private cars from Spain (N = 30) and the UK (N = 15) in 2017-2018. We recruited non-smoking drivers (n = 20), smoking drivers who do not smoke inside the car (n = 15), and smoking drivers who smoke inside (n = 10). Nicotine, cotinine, and three TSNAs (NNK, NNN, NNA) were also measured in settled dust in a random subsample (n = 20). We computed medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) of secondhand smoke (SHS) and thirdhand smoke (THS) compounds according to the drivers' profile. Results: 24-h samples yielded median airborne nicotine concentrations below the limit of quantification (LOQ) (IQR

Temas Socio-Jurídicos. Volumen 30 No. 62 Junio 2012

La Revista Temas Socio Jurídicos es una publicación seriada del Centro de Investigaciones Socio Jurídicas, dependencia adscrita a la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, que se dirige principalmente a Abogados, profesionales de las ciencias sociales y humanas, a estudiantes de derecho y de ciencias sociales y humanas.The Socio Legal Issues Magazine is a serial publication of the Socio Legal Research Center, a dependency attached to the Faculty of Law of the Autonomous University of Bucaramanga, which is aimed mainly at Lawyers, professionals in the social and human sciences, law students and social and human sciences

Innovación empresarial : nueva era de las agroempresas con gestión tecnológica

Este libro aborda la contextualización de las empresas del sector agrícola del occidente del Huila, desde un diagnóstico empresarial, el diseño de estrategias administrativas, contables y de mercadeo, hasta la innovación con desarrollo tecnológico aplicado a este sector.This book addresses the contextualization of companies in the agricultural sector in western Huila, from a business diagnosis, the design of administrative, accounting and marketing strategies, to innovation with technological development applied to this sector.Estrategias empresariales para el sector cafetero -- Innovación empresarial y sistema contable aplicado en la producción agrícola y pecuaria de la granja Juan Bosco -- Revisión bibliográfica para el desarrollo de productos electrónicos cumpliendo con estándares internacionales -- Evaluación de la eficiencia de un biofiltro para el tratamiento de aguas residuales del Café -- Fortalecimiento empresarial cafetero: una mirada hacia el cambio generacional, nuevos desafíos de responsabilidad social y liderazgo organizacional en el occidente del Huila -- Hábitos de consumo, mercado e importancia del café en el municipio de La Plata, Huila.na146 página

Inter-acciones: apuestas regionales de la investigación en comunicación

Transformación social, desarrollo y gestión de la comunicación en investigación; Educación y comunicación en procesos de transformación cultural; y Medios, convergencia y cibercultura. Además, responde a la pregunta: ¿qué líneas aborda la investigación en Comunicación Social desde la modalidad virtual y a distancia de UNIMINUTO? Lo anterior, con el objetivo de acoplar la investigación básica y aplicada desde el nivel de pregrado, en atención a los retos que afronta la formación del nuevo comunicador social con respecto al componente de investigación e innovación desde los semilleros de investigación; además, en consideración a que los semilleros son un espacio institucional para el fomento de la cultura investigativa institucional y de programas, propiciar la interacción entre la comunidad académica con miras al fortalecimiento de la excelencia académica, el desarrollo social y el progreso científico de la comunidad, así como la generación de la capacidad de trabajo en grupo, la interdisciplinariedad y el establecimiento de redes de investigación

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection