Digestible tryptophan:lysine ratio for laying hens

The objective of this study was to evaluate the requirement of digestible tryptophan for white laying hens in the production stage fed diets of different digestible tryptophan: digestible lysine ratios, as well as animal performance and histological alterations in their reproductive and digestive systems. A total of 280 white laying hens at 29 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and seven replications with eight birds in each. The treatments consisted of a base feed, formulated with corn, soybean meal and corn gluten meal, and supplemented with the synthetic amino acids L-lysine, DL-methionine, L-threonine, L-isoleucine, L-arginine, and L-valine, so as to meet the nutritional requirements for laying hens, except for digestible tryptophan. The basal diet was supplemented with 0.00; 0.017; 0.035; 0.052; and 0.069 g/kg of L-tryptophan in substitution for corn starch with the objective of reaching the levels of 0.151; 0.167; 0.183; 0.199; and 0.215 g/kg of digestible tryptophan in the feed. For the ratio between digestible amino acids and lysine, the recommendation of Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine was followed, except for the digestible tryptophan: digestible lysine ratios, which were 19, 21, 23, 25 and 27 for each treatment. The variation in the digestible tryptophan: digestible lysine ratio promoted changes in performance and in the histological characteristics, improving the results. The digestible tryptophan: digestible lysine ratio of 24.5% in the feed of white laying hens in production stage promotes better animal performance and histological results.CNPq [141196/2009-2]CNP

Exigências energéticas para mantença e para o crescimento de frangos de corte

O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar, pelo método fatorial, as exigências de energia metabolizável (EM) de frangos de corte. Foi conduzido um ensaio em câmaras climáticas mantidas às temperaturas de 13, 23 e 32ºC (±2ºC) para se verificar o efeito da temperatura sobre as exigências de energia metabolizável para mantença utilizando-se a técnica do abate comparativo. As exigências de energia metabolizável para ganho de peso foram determinadas com base no teor de energia corporal e na eficiência energética de utilização da EM. As exigências de mantença foram de 159,36; 116,17 e 128,66 kcal/kg0,75/dia para 13, 23 e 32ºC, respectivamente, verificando-se efeito quadrático da temperatura sobre as exigências de mantença (EMm=300,14 - 14,61.T + 0,2876.T², r²=0,90). As exigências de em para ganho de peso corporal foram de 3,72 kcal/g para machos e 3,98 kcal/g para fêmeas de 1 a 21 dias; 4,21 para machos e 3,93 para fêmeas de 22 a 42 dias; e 4,51 para machos e 7,04 para fêmeas de 43 a 56 dias. Considerando-se as exigências determinadas, foram elaborados modelos de predição das exigências diárias de energia para frangos de corte, nos quais foram considerados o peso corporal, a temperatura ambiente (para estimativa das exigências de mantença) e o ganho de peso (para cálculo das exigências de ganho). Com base nas comparações das exigências determinadas pelos modelos e nas recomendações do manual da linhagem, conclui-se que os modelos elaborados predizem as exigências energéticas dos frangos de corte.This work was conducted to determine the energy requirements for broilers using the factorial method. The metabolizable energy (ME) requirements for maintenance (MEm) were determined at 13, 23 and 32ºC (±2 C) by the comparative slaughter technique. ME requirements for weight gain were estimated considering the net efficiency of energy utilization for growth and body energy content. The energy requirements for maintenance were of 159.36, 116.17, and 128.66 kcal/kg0.75/day at 13, 23, and 32ºC, respectively, and quadratic effect of temperature (T) on the maintenance requirement (MEm=300.14 - 14.61 T + 0.2876 T², r²=0.90) was detected. Metabolizable energy requirements for weight gain for males and females were of 3.72 and 3.98; 4.21 and 3.93; 4.51 and 7.04 kcal/g, for the periods from 1 to 21, 22 to 42 and 43 to 56 days of age, respectively. Considering the requirements, prediction models were designed for ME requirements using adjustments for body weight, daily weight gain and temperature. The models predicted the ME requirements for broilers as redult of from breed manual recommendations and the studied models

Determinação da composição química e dos valores energéticos de alguns alimentos para aves - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v25i1.2101

A metabolism trial was carried out with the objective to determine the chemical composition and energetic values of different feeds for poultry. Two hundred and forty five females chickens, 21 days old were used. The total excreta collection method was used and the feeds studied were: meat and bone meal (three samples) and poultry viscera meal. The values of nitrogen-correct apparent metabolizing energy, as fed basis, were 2.048±0.07kcal/kg for meat and bone meal 1; 1.565±0.13kcal/kg for meat and bone meal 2; 2.119±0.08kcal/kg for meat and bone meal 3 and 3.636±0.04kcal/kg for poultry viscera meal.Um ensaio de metabolismo foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar a composição química e os valores energéticos de diferentes alimentos para frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 245 pintos de corte, fêmeas, com 21 dias de idade. O método utilizado foi o de coleta total das excretas, no qual os alimentos avaliados foram farinha de carne e ossos (amostras de três fornecedores) e farinha de vísceras. Os valores de energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio, na matéria natural, foram 2.048±0,07kcal/kg para farinha de carne 1; 1.565±0,13kcal/kg para farinha de carne 2; 2.119±0,08kcal/kg para farinha de carne 3 e 3.636±0,04kcal/kg para farinha de vísceras de frangos

DIGESTIBILIDADE APARENTE DO FARELO DE COCO E RESÍDUO DE GOIABA PELA TILÁPIA DO NILO (Oreochromis niloticus)

This work it objectified determination apparent digestibility of Dry Matter (DM), of Fraction Crude Protein (CP), of Gross Energy (GE) and the Digestible Energy (DEa) and Digestible Protein (DPa) of the waste guava meal and coconut meal. 75 figerlings of Nile tilapia had used been (with initial weight of 20,00 ± 5,0g), kept per 25 days in glass aquariums (70 L of water, each one), were fed to satiation, in small fractions to each 2 hours, of the 8:00 to 17:00h, with three diets (three repetitions each one) contend 0,10% of oxide chromic (marked intern): a) the reference (half-purified); b) 30 % coconut meal and c) 30% of waste guava meal. The feces had been by "sifonagem" two times for day (in beginning of the morning and afternoon end). The values of digestibility of waste guava meal had been: DM 43,36%; CP 61,49%, GE 64,24%; DEa 3601,03 kcal/kg e DPa 6,89% and for coconut meal: MD 60,36%; CP 75,62%, GE 37,10%; DEa 1878,74 kcal/kg e DPa 15,60%. The tested ingredients present potential to be used in rations for figerlings of Nile tilapia

Exigências de metionina + cistina para frangos de corte machos de 1 a 21 e de 22 a 42 dias de idade, em clima tropical

Foram realizados dois experimentos para determinação das exigências nutricionais de metionina + cistina total para frangos de corte machos da marca comercial Ross nos períodos de 1 a 21 e de 22 a 42 dias de idade, criados em clima tropical. Avaliaram-se o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar, os pesos absolutos e os rendimentos de carcaça, de cortes nobres (peito, coxas e sobrecoxas) e de gordura abdominal. O delineamento adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis níveis de metionina + cistina, quatro repetições e 12 animais por unidade experimental, totalizando 288 aves em cada experimento. As rações foram calculadas para atenderem às exigências nutricionais das aves, à exceção dos níveis de metionina + cistina. As dietas foram suplementadas com DL-metionina nos níveis de 0; 0,08; 0,16; 0,24; 0,32 e 0,40%, resultando em rações experimentais com 0,69; 0,77; 0,85; 0,93; 1,01 e 1,09% de metionina + cistina, para o período de 1 a 21 dias, e 0,61; 0,69; 0,77; 0,85; 0,93 e 1,01%, para o período de 22 a 42 dias de idade. Os níveis de metionina + cistina influenciaram de forma quadrática o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar, no período de 1 a 21 dias, e o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar, os pesos absolutos de carcaça e de peito e os rendimentos de carcaça, coxa e sobrecoxa no período de 22 a 42 dias de idade. De acordo com os resultados de desempenho produtivo, as exigências nutricionais de metionina + cistina para frangos de corte machos da marca comercial Ross foram estimadas em 0,96 e 0,89%, para os períodos de 1 a 21 e de 22 a 42 dias de idade, respectivamente

Aspectos nutricionais de farinhas de vísceras de aves e sua utilização em rações de frangos de corte

In the process of slaughtering chickens, parts of them are discarded because are unfit for human consumption. These wastes should be directed to a destination that does not promote any risk to the environment and above all, according with the laws regulating waste disposal. So, the wastes are transformed into byproducts for utilization in the animal nutrition, poultry and swine feeding, but cannot use for ruminant feed, only non-ruminant feeding. In Brazil, the first scientific studies on the use of by-products of poultry slaughter as a protein source in diets for broiler chickens were started in the 1960's, and these results were used for a long time for food formulation, but the need to improve the herds stimulated the search for improvement in technologies for more accurate diet formulations. The objective of this article is to review some aspects of the physic-chemical composition, energy values and their use in diets for broilers

Poultry offal meal in broiler chicken feed

An outstanding feature of poultry production that provides animal protein yield for human feeding is its short production cycle. This characteristic has a linear relationship with waste production. Increasing the inclusion of this residue in diets in the near future is desirable in step with the growth of poultry production since it offers a better environmental and nutritional alternative to current methods. We evaluated the effects on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens produced by the inclusion of poultry offal meal (POM) in their feed. Treatments consisted of a control diet (corn, Zea mays and soybean, Glycine max) and four diets with inclusion of 30, 60, 90 and 120 g kg(-1) of POM. The diets were formulated based on the level of digestible amino acid once categorized as isocalcic, isophosphoric, isosodic, isoenergetic and isonutritive for protein, methionine + cystine, lysine and threonine. The feed's electrolytes were corrected so that each diet had the same electrolytic balance. The variables analyzed were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, body weight, carcass yield, chicken cut yield and abdominal fat. Feed intake was not affected by the quantities of POM added. The weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield and noble cuts presented quadratic responses to the treatments. Abdominal fat increased linearly. The performance of the poultry, and carcass characteristics were maximized by the inclusion of 53 and 65 g kg(-1), respectively, of POM in the diet, and the inclusion of 120 g kg(-1) of POM provided greater disposition of abdominal fat.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Coconut meal levels in ration for fingerling Nile tilapia Níveis de farelo de coco em rações para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo

This experiment intents to evaluate the productive performance and the economic viability of feeding Nile tilapia under different levels of coconut meal in complete rations. One hundred-fourty four tilapia fingerlings (sexually reverted) had been used, with initial weight of 2,04 ± 0,02g and initial length of 4,05 ± 0,25cm, distributed in 24 aquariums (70 liters each) in a experimental design completely randomized, under four treatments with six repetitions. Were used four food sources, isoproteic and isoenergetic, differing from each other on coconut meal inclusion levels (0; 15; 30 and 45%). The experimental time was 75 days in a closed system of water recirculation. Differences were not observed on the profit of weight and average consumption rations, however an linear increasing effect was detected in the alimentary conversion, when increasing the coconut meal levels, Differences in the evaluated anatomo-physiological parameters were also not showed. As recommendation, this work suggests that the 15% coconut meal inclusion ration presents better performance and economic viability for tilapia fingerings.Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo e a viabilidade econômica de tilápia do Nilo alimentadas com níveis de farelo de coco em rações completas. Foram utilizados 144 alevinos, revertidos sexualmente, com peso médio inicial de e comprimento médio inicial de 4,05 ± 0,25cm, distribuídos em 24 aquários de 70 L, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos constaram de quatro rações, isoprotéicas e isoenergéticas, diferindo quanto aos níveis de inclusão do farelo de coco (0; 15; 30 e 45%). O período experimental foi de 75 dias, em sistema fechado de recirculação de água. Não foram observadas diferenças quanto ao ganho de peso e consumo médio de ração, porém houve um efeito linear crescente na conversão alimentar aparente com o aumento dos níveis de farelo de coco, não houve diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos com a inclusão de farelo de coco para os parâmetros anatomo-fisiológicos avaliados. Recomenda-se dessa forma, a ração com 15% de inclusão de farelo de coco pelo melhor desempenho e viabilidade econômica