2,483 research outputs found
LOFAR, a new low frequency radio telescope
LOFAR, the Low Frequency Array, is a large radio telescope consisting of
approximately 100 soccer-field sized antenna stations spread over a region of
400 km in diameter. It will operate at frequencies from ~10 to 240 MHz, with a
resolution at 240 MHz of better than an arcsecond. Its superb sensitivity will
allow for studies of a broad range of astrophysical topics, including
reionisation, transient radio sources and cosmic rays, distant galaxies and
AGNs. In this contribution a status rapport of the LOFAR project and an
overview of the science case is presented.Comment: 6 Pages, including 1 postScript figure. To appear in the proceedings
of the conference "Radio Galaxies: Past, present and future", Leiden, 11-15
Nov 200
Discovery of an X-ray cavity near the radio lobes of Cygnus A indicating previous AGN activity
Cygnus A harbours the nearest powerful radio jet of an Fanaroff-Riley (FR)
class II radio galaxy in a galaxy cluster where the interaction of the jet with
the intracluster medium (ICM) can be studied in detail. We use a large set of
Chandra archival data, VLA and new LOFAR observations to shed new light on the
interaction of the jets with the ICM. We identify an X-ray cavity in the
distribution of the X-ray emitting plasma in the region south of the Cyg A
nucleus which has lower pressure than the surrounding medium. The LOFAR and VLA
radio observations show that the cavity is filled with synchrotron emitting
plasma. The spectral age and the buoyancy time of the cavity indicates an age
at least as large as the current Cyg A jets and not much larger than twice this
time. We suggest that this cavity was created in a previous active phase of Cyg
A when the energy output of the Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) was about two
orders of magnitude less than today.Comment: Letter submitted on 4 May 2012 to A&A, 4 pages, 4 figure
Threshold Decline in Mesoamerican Coral Growth and Resiliency
Caribbean coral reefs have been massively altered in recent decades due to human impacts, resulting in a dramatic reduction of live coral cover but quantitative data before the 1970s have not been available to assess how these changes came about1,2,3. We produced master chronologies of growth rates in massive Montastrea faveolata corals from the Mesoamerican reef tract that provide a method for extending records of coral health further back into the past. Our records reveal a unique reduction in growth rate associated with the 1998 coral bleaching event that has no parallel in the past 75 to 150 years. Of 92 cores collected from live coral heads in 2006-2007, 94% have severely reduced growth rates and 14% exhibit partial mortality scars in 1998-1999 whereas only 3 stress bands are found in single cores prior to 1998, and none of these cores exhibited earlier partial mortality. Some corals returned to pre-1998 extension rates by 2001, although corals in areas affected by sediment-laden runoff or high human population density still had not fully recovered by the time of sample collection eight years later. Previous episodic stresses like hurricane strikes and a warming event in 1983 more severe than 1998 had little to no effect on M. faveolata growth rates. The 1998 event apparently surpassed a threshold in coral tolerance precipitating a catastrophic shutdown in growth that had lasting effects throughout the Mesoamerican reef system but was particularly prolonged in areas exposed to other stressors. These findings suggest that projected increases in global temperatures over the next century are likely to result in drastic reductions in growth rather than a gradual decline in coral health, but that corals with fewer local stresses will be better able to survive bleaching events, underscoring the need for local conservation measures
Molecular gas at intermediate redshifts
We present Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) observations of OH
absorption in B3~1504+377 () and PKS 1413+135 ().
OH has now been detected in absorption towards four intermediate redshift
systems, viz. the lensing galaxies towards B~0218+357 (; Kanekar
et al. 2001) and 1830-211 (; Chengalur et al. 1999), in addition
to the two systems listed above. All four systems also give rise to well
studied millimetre wavelength molecular line absorption from a host of
molecules, including HCO. Comparing our OH data with these millimetre line
transitions, we find that the linear correlation between and
found in molecular clouds in the Milky Way (Liszt & Lucas 1996)
persists out to . It has been suggested (Liszt & Lucas 1999) that OH
is a good tracer of , with
under a variety of physical conditions. We use this relationship to estimate
in these absorbers. The estimated is \ga 10^{22}
in all four cases and substantially different from estimates based on CO
observations.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and
Astrophysics Letter
The redshifts of bright sub-mm sources
One of the key goals in observational cosmology over the next few years will
be to establish the redshift distribution of the recently-discovered sub-mm
source population. In this brief review I discuss and summarize the redshift
information which has been gleaned to date for the ~ 50 bright sub-mm sources
which have been uncovered via the six main classes of survey performed with
SCUBA on the JCMT over the last 2-3 years. Despite the biases inherent in some
of these surveys, and the crudeness of the redshift information available in
others, I conclude that all current information suggests that only 10-15 % of
luminous sub-mm sources lie at z < 2, and that the median redshift of this
population is z ~ 3. I suggest that such a high median redshift is arguably not
unexpected given current theories designed to explain the correlation between
black-hole mass and spheroid mass found at low redshift. In such scenarios,
peak AGN emission is expected to correspond to, or even to cause termination of
major star-formation activity in the host spheroid. In contrast, maximum dust
emission is expected to occur roughly half-way through the star-formation
process. Given that optical emission from bright quasars peaks at z = 2.5,
dust-emission from massive ellipticals might be reasonably expected to peak at
some point in the preceding ~ 1 Gyr, at z ~ 3. Confirmation or refutation of
this picture requires significantly-improved redshift information on bright
samples of SCUBA sources.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, FIRSED2000 conference proceedings, eds. I.M. van
Bemmel, B. Wilkes, & P. Barthel Elsevier New Astronomy Review
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