Sugar Mill Effluent Induced Histological Changes in Heart of Channa Punctatus

Sugar mill effluents are not so toxic like pesticides, but they contain many organic and inorganic reactive compounds which can affect the life of the organisms. These reactive compounds accumulate and retard physiological activities in human beings also. Histological biomarkers can be indicators of the effects on organisms of various anthropogenic pollutants on organisms and are a reflection of the overall health of the entire population of that ecosystem. The alterations in cells and tissues of fish are recurrently used biomarkers in many studies as such changes occur in all the invertebrates and vertebrates inhabiting aquatic basins. Histological biomarkers embody tissue lesions arising as a result of previous or current exposure of the organism to one or more toxins. In other words, it can be stated that these compounds act as a slow poison. Keeping these points in view, the effect of sugar mill effluent is observed on histology of heart of freshwater fish Channa punctatus

Sugar Mill Effluent Induced Histological Changes in Gill of Channa punctatus

Pollution is an undesirable change in surrounding environment which affects human life in many ways. We tried to control these factors to improve our living quality. However, many times, the pollution is due to such reasons which cannot be avoidable like daily need product preparation plants. Sugar is a part of our life now. Sugar mills produce large quantities of undesirable byproducts which pollute our surroundings. Finally, these pollutants go to water bodies and pose effect on aquatic organisms. Keeping these points in view, the effect of sugar mill effluent is observed on gill histology of freshwater fish Channa punctatus

Sugar Mill Effluent Induced Histological Changes in Kidney of Channa punctatus

Sugar is everyday need of every human being. Sugar is produced from sugar mills situated in various parts of our country. Sugar mills produced a large amount of sugar with many types of byproducts which finally went into water sources (mainly rivers) as effluents. This effluent contains high amount of toxic elements with wide range of chemicals. This will definitely affect life of aquatic organisms like fishes in rivers. The present study is designed to carefully observe the histological changes produced by toxic substances present in Chatta sugar mill effluent in kidney of Channa punctatus