456 research outputs found

    Problemas y contradicciones de la regulación de la cláusula de conciencia periodística

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    El objeto de este trabajo es realizar un análisis crítico de la actual regulación de la cláusula de conciencia de los profesionales de la información, evidenciando sus carencias prácticas y contradicciones, cosa que hasta el momento la doctrina no ha terminado de plasmar con claridad. Al abordar esta cuestión, el Legislador y el Tribunal Constitucional han optado por crear un marco jurídico de fundamentación compleja, donde la integridad profesional, el derecho a recibir información y la salvaguarda del pluralismo como fundamento de la opinión pública libre se entremezclan para justificar un contenido que, sin embargo, resulta particularmente pobre en sus previsiones e ineficaz como garantía individual o social. La libertad de expresión, materialización de la independencia ideológica de los encargados de generar contenidos informativos y un elemento esencial del trabajo periodístico, parece quedar desplazada a un segundo plano cuando, precisamente, es a través de su garantía como mejor se puede asegurar la transmisión de una información que, sin dejar de ser objetiva, responda a la diversidad exigida por el principio democrático. Tras analizar si la cláusula de conciencia es un mecanismo efectivo para proteger la posición individual del periodista o los intereses sociales en relación con la actividad de los medios de comunicación, la conclusión es que se hace necesario redefinir esta institución, ya sea bien reconociéndola unas finalidades y un papel más modestos en el Ordenamiento, o dotándola de un contenido que sirva realmente para garantizar la libertad de comunicación de los periodistas para generar mensajes cuando trabajan para un medio y el derecho los ciudadanos a recibirlos adecuadamente.The objective of this paper is to critically analyse the actual regulation of the journalists' conscience clause, reflecting its practical shortcomings and contradictions, considering the doctrine has not reflected enough these particulars yet. When developing the journalists' conscience clause, the Spanish legislator and the Constitutional Court have created a complex legal framework, where the professional integrity, the right to information and the safeguarding of pluralism are appointed as the fundamental basis of the right. However, its content is particularly poor and ineffective as an individual or collective mechanism of protection. The freedom of expression, visible form of the ideological independence of the information contents' authors and an essential element of journalistic work, seem to be put to the background, but their guarantee is the best way to ensure the transmission of objective information that also meets the need for diversity required to satisfy the democratic principle. After analysing if the conscience clause is an effective protection mechanism of the journalist's individual position or the social interests related to media informative activities, the conclusion is this institution should be redefined. It is necessary to give it a more modest role in the Legal System or to change its contents in order to really ensure the journalists' freedom of communication in a media and the citizens' right to correctly receive informative messages

    Problemas regulatorios y competenciales de la objeción de conciencia farmacéutica

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    La objeción de conciencia farmacéutica ha sido objeto de una reciente sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional donde, en línea con la jurisprudencia ordinaria de los últimos tiempos, ha establecido una vinculación entre este derecho y la libertad de pensamiento del art. 16.1 CE que le permite dotarlo de una enorme fuerza expansiva, basada también en una nada clara consideración de las normas deontológicas de la profesión. Esto añade nuevas dificultades a un panorama de por sí complejo desde el punto de vista normativo donde, ante el silencio de la Ley estatal, algunas Comunidades Autónomas han optado por regular el derecho de los profesionales a pesar de no contar con una habilitación clara para ello, originándose una situación de desigualdad entre los distintos territorios. Frente a esto, se impone la necesidad de abordar la cuestión tanto desde una perspectiva material, analizando cómo compatibilizar el derecho de los profesionales con la correcta satisfacción de un servicio público y la garantía de los que corresponden a los pacientes, como formal, identificando cuál es el título competencial adecuado para dictar la pertinente regulación y analizando las consecuencias que en relación a la posible aplicación de la cláusula del art. 149.1.1ª de la Constitución puede tener la caracterización de la objeción de conciencia como derecho fundamental en este supuesto.Pharmacists' conscientious objection has been the subject of a recent judgement of the Constitutional Court, where, according to last case law from the ordinary courts, has established a connection between this right and the freedom of thought recognized in Art. 16.1 of the Constitution. This allows the Court to endow the right with an enormous expansive force, based also in an unclear consideration of the rules of professional ethics. This makes even more difficult an already complex situation, where the state law is silent on pharmacists' conscientious objection and some Autonomous Regions have regulated it despite the lack of a clear competence to do it, creating an uneven situation between territories. To deal with this situation, there is a need for addressing the matter considering both the formal issues, identifying which territorial level has the material competence over this right as well as the possible regulatory intervention of the State, and the material ones, analysing how this professional right can be made compatible with the right satisfaction of the public service concerned and the protection of patients' ones

    Fibrolipoma of the lip treated by diode laser surgery: A case report

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Several neoplasms of the adipose tissue can involve the soft tissues of the head and neck region. These neoplasms are mainly treated surgically and an accurate histological examination is mandatory for a precise diagnosis.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report a case of fibrolipoma involving the lower lip of a 43-year-old man, which was successfully treated by diode laser surgery. This approach allowed adequate resection of the neoplasm with minimal damage to the adjacent tissues, thus reducing post-surgical scarring.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Diode laser surgery for the treatment of benign lesions of the oral mucosa appears to be a convenient alternative to conventional blade surgery and has proved to be effective for the excision of fibrolipoma of the lip. The possibility of avoiding direct suture after excision is surely helpful when aesthetic areas, such as the lip, are surgically treated. For these reasons, and also considering the lower histological alteration of the specimen obtained with diode laser surgery if adequately used, the diode laser is undoubtedly a good alternative to conventional surgery.</p

    El tratamiento de la objeción de conciencia en el Consejo de Europa

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    En el seno del Consejo de Europa, la objeción de conciencia ha sido abordada esencialmente como un problema derivado de la colisión entre las convicciones propias de ciertos grupos religiosos minoritarios y el deber de prestar el servicio militar, si bien con el tiempo el fenómeno se ha ido secularizando y diversificando tanto en sus aspectos objetivos como subjetivos. A pesar de que el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos y los órganos políticos de la organización han mantenido aproximaciones notablemente distintas al respecto, en ambos casos se observa una clara, aunque lenta, evolución en sus planteamientos desde los años 60 hasta la actualidad, sobre todo en cuanto a la percepción de la naturaleza jurídica de la objeción de conciencia y su relación con la libertad de pensamiento, conciencia y religión del art. 9 del Convenio de Roma, hasta el punto de poder identificar a día de hoy una serie de puntos clave que dan forma a una línea doctrinal consistente. Con ello se ha abierto la posibilidad de su protección directa en los términos del mismo, lo que supone, en última instancia, la aparición de ciertos deberes para los Estados en lo que respecta a su reconocimiento o configuración.Within the Council of Europe, conscientious objection has been essentially addressed as a problem that results from the collision between the beliefs of minority religious groups and the duty of military service, although this issue has been secularised and diversified in both its objective and subjective aspects over time. Despite the differences between the approaches of European Court of Human Rights and the political bodies of the organization to the issue of conscientious objection, a clear, but slow, evolution can be observed from the 60's until today, especially regarding the perception of its legal nature and its relation with the freedom of thought, conscience and religion of the art. 9 of the Convention of Rome, showing today some key points that shape a consistent legal doctrine. This allows objectors to claim direct protection under the Treaty and imposes, ultimately, specific duties on states regarding the recognition of conscientious objection or the content of its regulatory framework

    La libertad de información frente a internet

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    El objetivo de este trabajo es confrontar la caracterización constitucional y jurisprudencial de la libertad de información con la realidad de su ejercicio a través de Internet, donde no es posible aplicar directamente las soluciones que el Ordenamiento ha ido construyendo para la comunicación por medios analógicos, ya que ésta se basa en la intervención preponderante de los medios de comunicación como canalizadores de la información y moduladores de la opinión pública, otorgando una mínima capacidad de intervención al ciudadano, que esencialmente venía ocupando una posición pasiva. Las nuevas tecnologías de la información han acabado con el monopolio de estos medios, permitiendo a cualquier no profesional convertirse en sujeto activo y participativo de un proceso que ya no es unidireccional, sino que se articula a través de una Red donde todos los intervinientes son receptores y creadores de contenidos, lo cual plantea nuevos retos desde el punto de vista jurídico que son particularmente difíciles de abordar. La regulación de la comunicación, diseñada para un contexto concreto, se enfrente ahora a una situación donde los mecanismos de control que permiten proteger los derechos de terceros frente a injerencias excesivas o el propio sistema democrático ya no resultan efectivos teniendo en cuenta que más que un proceso social, la comunicación en el entorno digital se plantea en clave individual. La premisa de la información de origen periodístico que se presentaba a través de un medio, que permitía considerar a las libertades comunicativas como una garantía institucional del sistema y les otorgaba una protección reforzada, ya no se cumple, de manera que es necesario cuestionarse si el alcance de la libertad de información de los individuos debe ser equiparable al de los profesionales o hasta qué punto estos pueden seguir gozando de un papel especial en la sociedad digital. En la Red, la vinculación con un medio ha dejado de ser un requisito previo para poder informar de manera efectiva. Basta con gozar de acceso a determinada tecnología para poder hacerlo, lo que lleva a tener que preguntarse en primer lugar hasta qué punto el poder público debe garantizar a los particulares tal posibilidad. En cuanto a la protección de la libertad de información en Internet, quizá convendría focalizar la atención en la formación del sujeto como periodista para identificar a quienes poseen un determinado conocimiento de la técnica y la deontología y, por tanto, están en condiciones de actuar de manera que su aportación no incurra en excesos y contribuya verdaderamente al debate público en términos constructivos. Del mismo modo, conceptos como la veracidad de la información, que además puede tener una nueva aplicación en relación a la publicidad, o la prohibición de censura deben repensarse para poder ser aplicados al entorno digital, pues en ningún caso parece conveniente prescindir de su vigencia.The aim of this paper is to compare the constitutional and jurisprudential characterization of the freedom of information with the reality of its exercise in the Internet, where the classic legal solutions cannot be implemented directly because they are designed for an analogical communication developed by media, which used to work as the only channels of information and modulators of public opinion, putting citizens in a passive position with a minimum capacity to act. The new information technologies have broken the media monopoly, allowing anyone to become an active and participatory subject of a process that is no longer unidirectional, but articulated through a network where all the participants are receivers and creators of content, which poses new legal challenges that are particularly difficult to address. The communication regulations, designed for a specific context, is now facing a reality where its mechanisms of control, intended to protect fundamental rights against excessive interferences and the democratic system itself, are no longer effective considering that now communication is an individual process more than a social one. The premise of the journalistic information presented through a media that substantiated the privileged position of communicative freedoms as institutional guarantees with a reinforced protection is no longer fulfilled, so key questions now are whether the scope of individual freedom of information should be comparable to the professionals' one or what role should play journalists in the digital society. Subjects no longer need mass media for effective reporting. They simply have to get access to a specific technology to do so, which opens a new debate: if the public powers should guarantee the access to it and how. With regard to the protection of freedom of information in the Internet, it may be useful to focus attention on the training of the subject as a journalist to identify who possess certain knowledge of the technique and deontology and, therefore, is able to act in a responsible manner contributing to public debate in constructive terms. Likewise, concepts such as the veracity of information, which may also have a new application in relation to advertising, or the prohibition of prior censorship must be reconsidered to their implementation in the digital environment, since it does not seem appropriate to renounce them in digital communications

    Esterified Hyaluronic Acid and Autologous Bone in the Surgical Correction of the Infra-Bone Defects

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    We study the osteoinductive effect of the hyaluronic acid (HA) by using an esterified low-molecular HA preparation (EHA) as a coadjuvant in the grafting processes to produce bone-like tissue in the presence of employing autologous bone obtained from intra-oral sites, to treat infra-bone defects without covering membrane

    Space-time Zernike Moments and Pyramid Kernel Descriptors for Action Classification

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    Action recognition in videos is a relevant and challenging task of automatic semantic video analysis. Most successful approaches exploit local space-time descriptors. These descriptors are usually carefully engineered in order to obtain feature invariance to photometric and geometric variations. The main drawback of space-time descriptors is high dimensionality and efficiency. In this paper we propose a novel descriptor based on 3D Zernike moments computed for space-time patches. Moments are by construction not redundant and therefore optimal for compactness. Given the hierarchical structure of our descriptor we propose a novel similarity procedure that exploits this structure comparing features as pyramids. The approach is tested on a public dataset and compared with state-of-the art descriptors

    Ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar in the maxilla: Cephalometric features of 13 pediatric patients

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    Ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar in the maxilla, generally characterized by the wrong axial positioning during eruption, is reported to occur in about 2–6% of children. Its incidence is surely under-estimated as it frequently remains undiagnosed and, additionally, becomes irreversible, resulting in posterior crowding in such cases. This retrospective study aims to investigate the cephalometric features of patients affected by ectopic eruption of the maxillary first molar in comparison to a control group of patients. From a total of 1935 subjects, 13 patients were enrolled in the study group, while 26 patients were randomly selected as a control group. Lateral cephalometric teleradiographs obtained at the time of diagnosis were used to measure cephalometric values between study patients and controls. The prevalence of ectopic eruption of the first maxillary permanent molar in our patients was 1.14%. The mandibular angle (SN-GoMe) was found to be significantly greater in the study group than in control. The same statistical trend was observed for the inter-maxillary angle (SnaSnp-GoMe); also, the distance Sna-Me was greater in the study group. Differences between groups were statistically significant for the following distances: Snp-Sna, Ba-S and SOR-Sna, which were found to be, overall, greater in the study group. Ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar in the maxilla seems to be associated with morphogenetic characteristics of patients, mainly with a dolichocephalic pattern

    Minimally invasive (flapless) crown lengthening by erbium: YAG laser in aesthetic zone

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    Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure aimed at exposure of a larger tooth surface by gingivectomy alone or with cortical bone remodelling for aesthetic purposes in the anterior zone of the maxilla or for reconstruction of teeth affected by subgingival caries. We report two cases of crown lengthening in the anterior maxilla for aesthetic purposes by gingival and bone re-contouring performed by erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (erbium:YAG) laser. As highlighted in this report, the erbium:YAG laser-assisted crown lengthening is less invasive and also leads to faster clinical outcomes in contrast to the conventional surgical technique by scalpel incision, flap elevation and osteoplastic
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