Metabolic Syndrome and Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Type 2 Diabetes-Dependent Association

Introduction. Subclinical hypothyroidism (ScH) is an endocrine alteration that is related to cardiovascular risk factors, including those categorized as components of the Metabolic Syndrome (MS). However, findings in prior reports regarding an association between these alterations are inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between both entities in adult subjects from Maracaibo City, Venezuela. Materials and Methods. The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multistage sampling. In this substudy, 391 individuals of both genders were selected and TSH, free T3, and free T4 tests were performed as well as a complete lipid profile, fasting glycaemia, and insulin blood values. ScH was defined according to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) criteria: high TSH (≥4.12mUI/L) and normal free T4 (0.9-1,9 ng/dL) in subjects without personal history of thyroid disease. MS components were defined according to IDF/AHA/NHLBI/WHF/IAS/IASO-2009 criteria. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between MS components and ScH diagnosis. Results. Of the evaluated population, 10.5% (n=41) was diagnosed with ScH, with a higher prevalence in women (female: 13.6% versus male: 7.7%; χ2=3.56, p=0.05). Likewise, 56.1% (n=23) of the subjects with ScH were diagnosed with MS (χ2=4.85; p=0.03), being hyperglycemia the main associated criterion (χ2=11.7; p=0.001). In multivariable analysis, it was observed that the relationship was exclusive with the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) OR: 3.22 (1.14-9.14); p=0.03. Conclusion. The relationship between ScH and MS in our population is dependent on the presence of hyperglycemia, specifically T2DM diagnosis, findings that vary from those previously reported in Latin American subjects

The sick adipose tissue : new insights into defective signaling and crosstalk with the myocardium

Adipose tissue (AT) biology is linked to cardiovascular health since obesity is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and positively correlated with excessive visceral fat accumulation. AT signaling to myocardial cells through soluble factors known as adipokines, cardiokines, branched-chain amino acids and small molecules like microRNAs, undoubtedly influence myocardial cells and AT function via the endocrine-paracrine mechanisms of action. Unfortunately, abnormal total and visceral adiposity can alter this harmonious signaling network, resulting in tissue hypoxia and monocyte/macrophage adipose infiltration occurring alongside expanded intra-abdominal and epicardial fat depots seen in the human obese phenotype. These processes promote an abnormal adipocyte proteomic reprogramming, whereby these cells become a source of abnormal signals, affecting vascular and myocardial tissues, leading to meta-inflammation, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, heart hypertrophy, heart failure and myocardial infarction. This review first discusses the pathophysiology and consequences of adipose tissue expansion, particularly their association with meta-inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis. We also explore the precise mechanisms involved in metabolic reprogramming in AT that represent plausible causative factors for CVD. Finally, we clarify how lifestyle changes could promote improvement in myocardiocyte function in the context of changes in AT proteomics and a better gut microbiome profile to develop effective, non-pharmacologic approaches to CVD

Posible incompatibilidad entre el alcohol y la patilla (Citrullus vulgaris)

Tesis (Químico Farmacéutico) -- Universidad de Cartagena. Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéutica, 1974Dentro de esta investigación, se busca confirmar o desvirtuar la creencia popular acerca de la incompatibilidad entre el alcohol y la patilla (Citrullus vulgaris

La Hipertrofia Ventricular Izquierda en el Hipertenso Nueva Clasificación Electrocardiográfica

Se expone una nueva clasificación electrocardiográfica de la hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (cardiopatía hipertensiva) en el paciente hipertenso, la cual permitirá orientar y estratificar el grado de hipertrofia, determinar desde que grado es probable la coexistencia de la cardiopatía isquémico metabólica e identificar la regresión a grados menores de hipertrofia tanto de ésta como de la CIM, lo cual facilitará el tratamiento de ambas, evitando en lo posible complicaciones mayores, como arritmias, bloqueo de rama izquierda avanzada, infarto del miocardio, angina, insuficiencia cardíaca y muerte súbita, entre otras, y al mismo tiempo obtener un menor índice de accidentes trombóticos de las arterias cerebrales y de otros territorios. De cada uno de los grados (0A, 0B, I, II, IIIA, IIIB, IVA y IVB) se presentan varios ejemplos electrocardiográficos. De estas observaciones podemos deducir que a partir del grado IIIA de HVI por ECG-12D (desnivel negativo del ST) el paciente hipertenso debe ser considerado, además, como un cardiópata isquémico y debe recibir atención en cuanto al diagnóstico de posibles enfermedades asociadas (dislipidemia, diabetes) y recibir tratamiento adecuado para cada una de ellas, conducta que nos ha permitido confirmar algunos casos de regresión parcial o de estabilidad tanto de la hipertrofia como de la cardiopatía isquémica. Los casos de progresión de la hipertrofia han coincidido con abandono del tratamiento farmacológico y de la dieta

Lactitol increases reduced glutathione and decreases nitric oxide in Sprague Dawley rats

Existe un creciente uso del alcohol-azúcar como el lactitol en la industria de los alimentos. El estrés oxidativo juega un papel importante en la génesis de patologías digestivas que van desde inflamación hasta cáncer. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar el efecto del lactitol sobre el malondialdehido (MDA), óxido nítrico (NO), glutation reducido (GSH). Ácido ascórbico y ácido dehidroascórbico como marcadores del balance oxidación/antioxidación. Para ello se utilizaron 80 ratas macho Sprague-Dawley divididas en cuatro grupos. Tres experimentales de 20 animales, a los cuales se les administró por sonda orogástrica, lactitol en dosis de 0,3; 1,0 y 5.0 g/Kg/día durante 12 semanas y un grupo control que recibió solución salina fisiológica por el mismo período de tiempo. El lactitol administrado en dosis de 0,3; 1,0 y 5,0 g/Kg/día produjo un incremento significativo (P<0,05) del GSH (326,5 ± 13.0 μg/ml; 328,5 ± 9,2 μg/ml y 398,2 ± 11.8 μg/ml) al ser comparado con sus respectivos valores basales (285.8 ± 4,0 μg/ml; 280,0 ± 6,2 μg/ml y 279.5 ± 9,1 μg/ml). El lactitol a dosis de 5 g/Kg/día produjo el más alto incremento de la concentración de GSH y al mismo tiempo provocó una disminución significativa del los niveles de NO (33,0 ± 1.2 μM) cuando se comparó con su concentración basa) (46,2 ± 2.8 μM). No fueron observados cambios significativos sobre el resto de los marcadores del balance oxidación/antioxidación. Aunque el lactitol es un alcohol-azúcar que no se absorbe a nivel del tracto gastrointestinal, es posible que los productos finales obtenidos luego de su metabolismo por las bacterias intestinales, induzcan efectos sistémicos que pueden afectar el balance oxidaciónlantioxidación a favor de la antioxidación.335 - 340BimestralSugar alcohols such as lactitol are increasingly being used in the food industry. Tissue oxidative stress is an important contributor to the genesis of inflammatory bowel disease and cancer. The purpose of this study was lo determine the effect of lactitol on malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO). dehydroascorbic and ascorbic acid as redox markers. Eighty Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups; three experimental groups which received lactitol through an oral catheter at doses of 0.3; 1.0: 5 g/kg/day and an experimental group to which salive solution was administered during 12 weeks. Lactitol at doses of 0.3; 1.0: 5 g/kg/day produced a significant increase (P<0.05) on GSH (326.5 ± 13.0 μg/ml: 328.5 ± 9.2 μg/ml y 398.29 ± 11.8 μg/ml respectively) when compared with their respective basal values (285.8 ± 4.0 μg/ml: 280.0 ± 6.2 μg/ml y 279.5 ± 9.1 μg/ml). Lactitol dose of 5g/kg/day produced the highest increase on GSH levels and at the same time elicited a significant decrease on NO levels (33.0 ± 1.2 pM) when compared with basal values (46.2 ± 2.8 NM). No significant changes were observed on the remaining redox markers. Although lactitol is a sugar alcohol that is not absorbed in the small bowel, it is possible that its metabolisms end products, under intestinal bacterial effects, alter the redox balance in favor of antioxidants

Asociación de la resistina con variables de dimensión y composición corporal en eutróficos y obesos.

Resistin is an adipokine secreted in adipose tissue that may be associated with the metabolic and endocrine disorders of obesity. To assess the association between serum resistin levels and body composition variables, in children and adolescents. Cross-sectional assessment of 302 subjects, aged 10-16 years. According to body mass index, 124 were classified as eutrophic and 178 as obese. A clinical examination and pubertal assessment were performed. Body weight, height, waist and arm circumferences were measured. Serum resistin levels were measured using an immunoenzymatic assay. Male obese children had significantly higher resistin levels than their eutrophic counterparts. Eutrophic women had higher levels than eutrophic males. No significant association between resistin and pubertal status was observed. In the whole sample and among obese subjects, resistin levels correlated with body mass index, tricipital skinfold, arm circumference, arm fat area and fat mass. There is a significant association between resistin levels and body composition variables, particularly with indicators of fat accretion

Inicio de la cardiología en Venezuela

La cardiolog&iacute;a, previamente establecidas sus bases entre los siglos&nbsp;XVI y XX, se inicia en 1920, cuando porprimera vez aparece el vocablo &ldquo;cardiolog&iacute;a&rdquo; como t&iacute;tulode la revista Archivos de Cardiolog&iacute;a y Hematolog&iacute;a,fundada por Pitaluga y Galandre, en Espa&ntilde;a. En Venezuela la inicia, en 1925, el doctor Heberto Cuenca Carruyo, en Maracaibo, la cual contin&uacute;a enCaracas, de 1931 a 1938. Cuenca regenta la c&aacute;tedra de Medicina Interna (UCV), desde 1935, y fue Jefe delServicio de Medicina (Hospital Vargas, 1936). Continuaron los doctores Gustavo Plaza Izquierdo comojefe de la C&aacute;tedra de Cardiolog&iacute;a (1936), y Bernardo G&oacute;mez desde 1937. &Eacute;ste, posteriormente, inicia la estructuraci&oacute;n de las instituciones cardiol&oacute;gicas b&aacute;sicas del pa&iacute;s, campa&ntilde;a a la cual se incorpor&oacute; el doctor Carlos Gil Y&eacute;pez. Cuenca public&oacute; noventa trabajos de investigaci&oacute;n cl&iacute;nica, treinta de ellos sobre la cardiolog&iacute;a: isquemia, arritmias, electrocardiograf&iacute;a, radiolog&iacute;a, cong&eacute;nitas, miocardiopat&iacute;as y coraz&oacute;n en deportes, publicados en: 1.Revista de la Sociedad M&eacute;dico-Quir&uacute;rgica del Zulia. 2.Gaceta M&eacute;dica de Caracas. 3. Archivos Venezolanos de Cardiolog&iacute;a y Hematolog&iacute;a, esta &uacute;ltima, fundada y editada por &eacute;l, en 1935, la cual constituy&oacute; la primera revista cardiol&oacute;gica venezolana. La primera investigaci&oacute;n, en1927, vers&oacute; sobre electrocardiograf&iacute;a.Palabras clave: Inicios; Venezuela; Cardiolog&iacute;a;CuencaSUMMARYCardiology established its bases between the XVI century and XX century and begins in 1920, when for thefirst time the word &ldquo;cardiology&rdquo; appears as the title o fthe magazine of the &ldquo;Archivos de Cardiolog&iacute;a y Hematolog&iacute;a&rdquo;, founded by Pitaluga and Galandre, in Spain.In Venezuela cardiology was started in 1925, by doctor Heberto Cuenca Carruyo in Maracaibo, and continued in Caracas from 1931 to 1938. Cuenca regents theInternal Medicine class at the UCV from 1935, and also was the chief of Medical Service at the &ldquo;Hospital Vargas&rdquo;in 1936.He was followed by doctors Gustavo Plaza Izquierdoas the chief of the Cardiology Class in 1936, and BernardoG&oacute;mez in 1937. Later on, G&oacute;mez initiated the structuring of the basic cardiological institutions of the countrycampaign to which was incorporated doctor Carlos Gil Y&eacute;pez.Cuenca published ninety research papers on clinicalinvestigation, thirty of the them about cardiology: ischemia,arrhythmias, electrocardiography, radiology,congenital ones, miocardiopat&iacute;as and heart in sports, published in the magazine of the &ldquo;Sociedad M&eacute;dico-Quir&uacute;rgica del Zulia&rdquo;, &ldquo;Gaceta M&eacute;dica de Caracas&rdquo; and&ldquo;Archivos Venezolanos de Cardiolog&iacute;a y Hematolog&iacute;a&rdquo;which was edited by him in 1935. This was the first Venezuelan cardiological magazine. The first of hisinvestigations, in 1927, was about electrocardiography.Key words: Start. Venezuela. Cardiology. Cuenc

Metabolic Syndrome and Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Type 2 Diabetes-Dependent Association

Introduction. Subclinical hypothyroidism (ScH) is an endocrine alteration that is related to cardiovascular risk factors, including those categorized as components of the Metabolic Syndrome (MS). However, findings in prior reports regarding an association between these alterations are inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between both entities in adult subjects from Maracaibo City, Venezuela. Materials and Methods. The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multistage sampling. In this substudy, 391 individuals of both genders were selected and TSH, free T3, and free T4 tests were performed as well as a complete lipid profile, fasting glycaemia, and insulin blood values. ScH was defined according to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) criteria: high TSH (≥4.12mUI/L) and normal free T4 (0.9-1,9 ng/dL) in subjects without personal history of thyroid disease. MS components were defined according to IDF/AHA/NHLBI/WHF/IAS/IASO-2009 criteria. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between MS components and ScH diagnosis. Results. Of the evaluated population, 10.5% (n=41) was diagnosed with ScH, with a higher prevalence in women (female: 13.6% versus male: 7.7%; χ2=3.56, p=0.05). Likewise, 56.1% (n=23) of the subjects with ScH were diagnosed with MS (χ2=4.85; p=0.03), being hyperglycemia the main associated criterion (χ2=11.7; p=0.001). In multivariable analysis, it was observed that the relationship was exclusive with the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) OR: 3.22 (1.14-9.14); p=0.03. Conclusion. The relationship between ScH and MS in our population is dependent on the presence of hyperglycemia, specifically T2DM diagnosis, findings that vary from those previously reported in Latin American subjects

Metabolic Syndrome and Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Type 2 Diabetes-Dependent Association

Introduction. Subclinical hypothyroidism (ScH) is an endocrine alteration that is related to cardiovascular risk factors, including those categorized as components of the Metabolic Syndrome (MS). However, findings in prior reports regarding an association between these alterations are inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between both entities in adult subjects from Maracaibo City, Venezuela. Materials and Methods. The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multistage sampling. In this substudy, 391 individuals of both genders were selected and TSH, free T3, and free T4 tests were performed as well as a complete lipid profile, fasting glycaemia, and insulin blood values. ScH was defined according to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) criteria: high TSH (≥4.12mUI/L) and normal free T4 (0.9-1,9 ng/dL) in subjects without personal history of thyroid disease. MS components were defined according to IDF/AHA/NHLBI/WHF/IAS/IASO-2009 criteria. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between MS components and ScH diagnosis. Results. Of the evaluated population, 10.5% (n=41) was diagnosed with ScH, with a higher prevalence in women (female: 13.6% versus male: 7.7%; χ2=3.56, p=0.05). Likewise, 56.1% (n=23) of the subjects with ScH were diagnosed with MS (χ2=4.85; p=0.03), being hyperglycemia the main associated criterion (χ2=11.7; p=0.001). In multivariable analysis, it was observed that the relationship was exclusive with the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) OR: 3.22 (1.14-9.14); p=0.03. Conclusion. The relationship between ScH and MS in our population is dependent on the presence of hyperglycemia, specifically T2DM diagnosis, findings that vary from those previously reported in Latin American subjects