158 research outputs found
The 11.2 m emission of PAHs in astrophysical objects
The 11.2 m emission band belongs to the family of the `Unidentified'
Infrared (UIR) emission bands seen in many astronomical environments. In this
work we present a theoretical interpretation of the band characteristics and
profile variation for a number of astrophysical sources in which the carriers
are subject to a range of physical conditions. The results of Density
Functional Theory (DFT) calculations for the solo out-of-plane (OOP)
vibrational bending modes of large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)
molecules are used as input for a detailed emission model which includes the
temperature and mass dependence of PAH band wavelength, and a PAH mass
distribution that varies with object. Comparison of the model with astronomical
spectra indicates that the 11.2 m band asymmetry and profile variation can
be explained principally in terms of the mass distribution of neutral PAHs with
a small contribution from anharmonic effects.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, 3 table. Accepted for publication in MNRA
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with armchair edges and the 12.7 {\mu}m band
In this Letter we report the results of density functional theory
calculations on medium-sized neutral Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)
molecules with armchair edges. These PAH molecules possess strong C-H
stretching and bending modes around 3 {\mu}m and in the fingerprint region
(10-15 {\mu}m), and also strong ring deformation modes around 12.7 {\mu}m.
Perusal of the entries in the NASA Ames PAHs Database shows that ring
deformation modes of PAHs are common - although generally weak. We then propose
that armchair PAHs with NC >65 are responsible for the 12.7 {\mu}m Aromatic
Infrared Band in HII regions and discuss astrophysical implications in the
context of the PAH life-cycle.Comment: Minor editin
The 11.2 μm emission of PAHs in astrophysical objects
Article / Letter to editorSterrewach
Mapping PAH sizes in NGC 7023 with SOFIA
NGC 7023 is a well-studied reflection nebula, which shows strong emission
from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules in the form of aromatic
infrared bands (AIBs). The spectral variations of the AIBs in this region are
connected to the chemical evolution of the PAH molecules which, in turn,
depends on the local physical conditions. We use the capabilities of SOFIA to
observe a 3.2' x 3.4' region of NGC 7023 at wavelengths that we observe with
high spatial resolution (2.7") at 3.3 and 11.2 um. We compare the SOFIA images
with existing images of the PAH emission at 8.0 um (Spitzer), emission from
evaporating very small grains (eVSG) extracted from Spitzer-IRS spectral cubes,
the ERE (HST and CFHT), and H_2 (2.12 um). We create maps of the 11.2/3.3 um
ratio to probe the morphology of the PAH size distribution and the 8.0/11.2 um
ratio to probe the PAH ionization. We make use of an emission model and of
vibrational spectra from the NASA Ames PAHdb to translate the 11.2/3.3 um ratio
to PAH sizes. The 11.2/3.3 um map shows the smallest PAH concentrate on the PDR
surface (H_2 and extended red emission) in the NW and South PDR. We estimated
that PAHs in the NW PDR bear, on average, a number of carbon atoms (N_c) of ~70
in the PDR cavity and ~50 at the PDR surface. In the entire nebula, the results
reveal a factor of 2 variation in the size of the PAH. We relate these size
variations to several models for the evolution of the PAH families when they
traverse from the molecular cloud to the PDR. The PAH size map enables us to
follow the photochemical evolution of PAHs in NGC 7023. Small PAHs result from
the photo-evaporation of VSGs as they reach the PDR surface. Inside the PDR
cavity, the PAH abundance drops as the smallest PAH are broken down. The
average PAH size increases in the cavity where only the largest species survive
or are converted into C_60 by photochemical processing.Comment: accepted for publication in A&
Photoinduced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dehydrogenation: Molecular hydrogen formation in dense PDRs
The physical and chemical conditions in photodissociation regions (PDRs) are
largely determined by the influence of far ultraviolet radiation. Far-UV
photons can efficiently dissociate molecular hydrogen, a process that must be
balanced at the HI/H2 interface of the PDR. Given that reactions involving
hydrogen atoms in the gas phase are highly inefficient under interstellar
conditions, H2 formation models mostly rely on catalytic reactions on the
surface of dust grains. Additionally, molecular hydrogen formation in
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through the Eley-Rideal mechanism has
been considered as well, although it has been found to have low efficiency in
PDR fronts. In a previous work, we have described the possibility of efficient
H2 release from medium to large sized PAHs upon photodissociation, with the
exact branching between H-/H2-loss reactions being molecule dependent. Here we
investigate the astrophysical relevance of this process, by using a model for
the photofragmentation of PAHs under interstellar conditions. We focus on three
PAHs cations (coronene, ovalene and circumcoronene), which represent three
possibilities in the branching of atomic and molecular hydrogen losses. We find
that, for ovalene (H2-loss dominated) the rate coefficient for H2 formation
reaches values of the same order as H2 formation in dust grains. This result
suggests that this hitherto disregarded mechanism can account, at least partly,
for the high level of molecular hydrogen formation in dense PDRs.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in A&
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