TURKEY BEYOND CAP: AGRO-FOOD COMMERCIAL RELATIONS WITH EMILIA-ROMAGNA

The objective of this paper is to analyse the role that European countries’ institutional relations and economic policies have in improving the competitiveness, sustainable development and structural adjustments of farms and agro-food economy in Turkey by supporting sustainable and long-lasting foreign agricultural commercial relations. In particular, the paper analyses the case study of Turkey and Emilia-Romagna region agro-food economic trade and the institutional relations developed within a political and institutional framework of actions over the last decade showing how these initiatives have contributed to enhance the role of Turkey as an increasingly important trade partner country. The paper concludes that future CAP budget constraints should lead to a forward looking European enlargement policy towards candidate countries with agriculture oriented economies aiming at supporting agro-food economic relations and eventually a diminishing role of direct CAP support.Agro-Food Policy, Turkey, International Trade, Cap, Enlargement, Agricultural and Food Policy, Political Economy, Q10, Q18,

Investigation of the effects of initial substrate and biomass concentrations and light intensity on photofermentative hydrogen gas production

Biohydrogen, which can be produced by dark fermentation and photofermentation processes, is a renewable and clean approach for hydrogen production. In this study, it was aimed to determine the operational conditions which satisfy the highest photofermentative hydrogen production rate in batch reactors. To that purpose, the effects of initial substrate concentration, initial volatile suspended solids (VSS) concentration and light intensity on photofermentation process were investigated by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The photofermantative process was followed by using pure strain of purple non-sulfur (PNS) bacteria: Rhodobacter capsulatus DSM1710. Results indicated that, under the studied conditions, hydrogen production yields and rates varied in the range of 0.27 mmol H2/L.h and 0.91 mmol H2/L.h, respectively. RSM results revealed that the highest hydrogen production rate of 1.04 mmol/Lreactor.h can be obtained when acetate concentration, initial R.capsulatus concentration and the light intensity values were 35.35 mM, 0.27 g VSS/L and 263.6 W/ m2 (3955 lux), respectively. Optimum Substrate/Initial biomass concentration ratio (S/Xo), leading to the maximum hydrogen production rate, was found as 7.7 g Acetate/g VSS (8.3 g Chemical Oxygen Demand/g VSS). Moreover, the light intensity was found to be an important factor affecting the hydrogen production rate as well as S/Xo ratio

TURKEY BEYOND CAP: AGRO-FOOD COMMERCIAL RELATIONS WITH EMILIA-ROMAGNA

The objective of this paper is to analyse the role that European countries’ institutional relations and economic policies have in improving the competitiveness, sustainable development and structural adjustments of farms and agro-food economy in Turkey by supporting sustainable and long-lasting foreign agricultural commercial relations. In particular, the paper analyses the case study of Turkey and Emilia-Romagna region agro-food economic trade and the institutional relations developed within a political and institutional framework of actions over the last decade showing how these initiatives have contributed to enhance the role of Turkey as an increasingly important trade partner country. The paper concludes that future CAP budget constraints should lead to a forward looking European enlargement policy towards candidate countries with agriculture oriented economies aiming at supporting agro-food economic relations and eventually a diminishing role of direct CAP support

Experience of workplace violence during medical speciality training in Turkey

Aims To determine the type, extent and effects of workplace violence among residents during postgraduate speciality training in various departments of medical schools in Turkey