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Maternal Attitudes about Objectively Monitored Bednet Use in Rural Uganda
Insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) are a mainstay of malaria prevention, yet poor adherence poses a major barrier to effective prevention. Self-reports of bednet use suffer from recall and social desirability biases. We have designed a device that electronically records ITN usage longitudinally. SmartNet consists of circuits made from a conductive fabric interwoven into the sides and top of a rectangular ITN. Digital sampling of the state of these circuits allows for determining whether the SmartNet is deployed for use or folded up. We conducted a study among pregnant women and women with children <5 years in Uganda to determine attitudes about objective bednet monitoring and SmartNet. Fifty women were interviewed with an average age of 27 years and 2.3 children. Twenty-two percent were pregnant. Ninety-five percent had used a bednet and 90% reported having a bednet at home. After displaying a SmartNet, 92% thought it would be easy to use and 100% expressed interest in using SmartNet. Concerns about SmartNet included washing the net, worries about being monitored while asleep, and worries about users removing the device components. Objective monitoring of ITN use appears to be acceptable among women in rural Uganda, setting the stage for further SmartNet field testing
Rolling quantum dice with a superconducting qubit
One of the key challenges in quantum information is coherently manipulating
the quantum state. However, it is an outstanding question whether control can
be realized with low error. Only gates from the Clifford group -- containing
, , and Hadamard gates -- have been characterized with high
accuracy. Here, we show how the Platonic solids enable implementing and
characterizing larger gate sets. We find that all gates can be implemented with
low error. The results fundamentally imply arbitrary manipulation of the
quantum state can be realized with high precision, providing new practical
possibilities for designing efficient quantum algorithms.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, including supplementary materia
Interfacial charge transfer in nanoscale polymer transistors
Interfacial charge transfer plays an essential role in establishing the
relative alignment of the metal Fermi level and the energy bands of organic
semiconductors. While the details remain elusive in many systems, this charge
transfer has been inferred in a number of photoemission experiments. We present
electronic transport measurements in very short channel ( nm)
transistors made from poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). As channel length is
reduced, the evolution of the contact resistance and the zero-gate-voltage
conductance are consistent with such charge transfer. Short channel conduction
in devices with Pt contacts is greatly enhanced compared to analogous devices
with Au contacts, consistent with charge transfer expectations. Alternating
current scanning tunneling microscopy (ACSTM) provides further evidence that
holes are transferred from Pt into P3HT, while much less charge transfer takes
place at the Au/P3HT interface.Comment: 19 preprint pages, 6 figure
International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: meal frequency
Position Statement: Admittedly, research to date examining the physiological effects of meal frequency in humans is somewhat limited. More specifically, data that has specifically examined the impact of meal frequency on body composition, training adaptations, and performance in physically active individuals and athletes is scant. Until more research is available in the physically active and athletic populations, definitive conclusions cannot be made. However, within the confines of the current scientific literature, we assert that:1. Increasing meal frequency does not appear to favorably change body composition in sedentary populations.2. If protein levels are adequate, increasing meal frequency during periods of hypoenergetic dieting may preserve lean body mass in athletic populations.3. Increased meal frequency appears to have a positive effect on various blood markers of health, particularly LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and insulin.4. Increased meal frequency does not appear to significantly enhance diet induced thermogenesis, total energy expenditure or resting metabolic rate.5. Increasing meal frequency appears to help decrease hunger and improve appetite control.The following literature review has been prepared by the authors in support of the aforementioned position statement
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