Genistein-induced mir-23b expression inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells

Aim of the study: Genistein, an isoflavonoid, plays roles in the inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase phosphorylation, induction of apoptosis, and cell differentiation in breast cancer. This study aims to induce cellular stress by exposing genistein to determine alterations of miRNA expression profiles in MCF-7 cells. Material and methods: XTT assay and trypan blue dye exclusion assays were performed to examine the cytotoxic effects of genistein treatment. Expressions of miRNAs were quantified using Real-Time Online RT-PCR. Results: The IC50 dose of genistein was 175 μM in MCF-7 cell, line and the cytotoxic effect of genistein was detected after 48 hours. miR-23b was found to be up-regulated 56.69 fold following the treatment of genistein. It was found that miR-23b was up-regulated for MCF-7 breast cancer cells after genistein treatment. Conclusions: Up-regulated ex-expression of miR-23b might be a putative biomarker for use in the therapy of breast cancer patients. miR-23b up-regulation might be important in terms of response to genistein. © 2015, Termedia Publishing House Ltd. All rights reserved

Regulation of URG4/URGCP and PPARα gene expressions after retinoic acid treatment in neuroblastoma cells

Neuroblastoma (NB), originating from neural crest cells, is the most common extracranial tumor of childhood. Retinoic acid (RA) which is the biological active form of vitamin A regulates differentiation of NB cells, and RA derivatives have been used for NB treatment. PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) plays an important role in the oxidation of fatty acids, carcinogenesis, and differentiation. URG4/URGCP gene is a proto-oncogene and that overexpression of URG4/URGCP is associated with metastasis and tumor recurrence in osteosarcoma. It has been known that URG4/URGCP gene is an overexpressed gene in hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric cancers. This study aims to detect gene expression patterns of PPARα and URG4/URGCP genes in SH-SY5Y NB cell line after RA treatment. Expressions levels of PPARα and URG4/URGCP genes were analyzed after RA treatment for reducing differentiation in SH-SY5Y NB cell line. To induce differentiation, the cells were treated with 10 μM RA in the dark for 3-10 days. Gene expression of URG4/URGCP and PPARα genes were presented as the yield of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from target genes compared with the yield of PCR products from the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene. SH-SY5Y cells possess small processes in an undifferentiated state, and after treatment with RA, the cells developed long neurites, resembling a neuronal phenotype. PPARα gene expression increased in RA-treated groups; URG4/URGCP gene expression decreased in SH-SY5Y cells after RA treatment compared with that in the control cells. NB cell differentiation might associate with PPARα and URG4/URGCP gene expression profile after RA treatment. © 2013 International Society of Oncology and BioMarkers (ISOBM)

Combination of salinomycin and azd3463 reveals synergistic effect on reducing the viability of t98g glioblastoma cells

PubMed: 32698744Background: Salinomycin, an ionophore antibiotic, is known to be an effective agent in reducing the viability of Glioblastoma (GBM) cells. The combination of salinomycin with other chemotherapeutic drugs would help to overcome the drug resistance of GBM cells. Objective: This study aims to test the combinatorial effect of salinomycin and AZD3463 in T98G GBM cells. Methods: The cytotoxic effects of drugs on T98G GBM cells were determined by using WST-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to identify apoptosis and cell cycle profiles after treatments. Real-time PCR was used to portray mRNA expression profiles of genes in the Wnt-signaling pathway after treatments. Results: IC50 concentrations of AZD3463 and salinomycin were 529nM and 7.3µM for 48h, respectively. The combination concentrations of AZD3463 and salinomycin were 3.3µM and 333nM, respectively. The combination treatment showed a synergistic effect on reducing the viability of GBM cells. AZD3463, salinomycin, and their combination induced apoptosis in 1.2, 1.4, and 3.2 folds, respectively. AZD3463 and the combination treatment induced the cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Salinomycin and AZD3463 treatments, either alone or in combination, resulted in the downregulation or upregulation of mRNA expression levels of genes in the Wnt-signaling pathway. Conclusion: Salinomycin, AZD3463, and their combination may inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in GBM cells due to a decrease in expression levels of genes acting in both the canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways. The Wnt signaling pathway may be involved in salinomycin-AZD3463 drug interaction. © 2020 Bentham Science Publishers

Genistein-induced mir-23b expression inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells

Aim of the study: Genistein, an isoflavonoid, plays roles in the inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase phosphorylation, induction of apoptosis, and cell differentiation in breast cancer. This study aims to induce cellular stress by exposing genistein to determine alterations of miRNA expression profiles in MCF-7 cells. Material and methods: XTT assay and trypan blue dye exclusion assays were performed to examine the cytotoxic effects of genistein treatment. Expressions of miRNAs were quantified using Real-Time Online RT-PCR. Results: The ICinf>50/inf> dose of genistein was 175 µM in MCF-7 cell, line and the cytotoxic effect of genistein was detected after 48 hours. miR-23b was found to be up-regulated 56.69 fold following the treatment of genistein. It was found that miR-23b was up-regulated for MCF-7 breast cancer cells after genistein treatment. Conclusions: Up-regulated ex-expression of miR-23b might be a putative biomarker for use in the therapy of breast cancer patients. miR-23b up-regulation might be important in terms of response to genistein. © 2015, Termedia Publishing House Ltd. All rights reserved

Is there any association between rs1303 (Pi*M3) variant of alpha-1 antitrypsin gene and atrial septal aneurysm development?

PubMed ID: 31523846Aim: Atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) is one of the congenital heart defects. The underlying pathophysiology of ASA has not been fully understood yet. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) is a serine protease inhibitor glycoprotein, which is held responsible from tissue wall proteolysis if it is deficient in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate A1AT serum levels and the rs1303 (Pi*M3) variant in A1AT gene in patients with ASA. Material and Methods: Thirty patients (7 male and 23 female) with isolated ASA and 33 patients (11 male and 22 female) with normal atrial septum on echocardiography were included in this study. A1AT serum levels of study patients were measured quantitatively by the enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) method. The A1AT gene mutation rs1303 was analyzed by genotyping, which is performed on genomic DNA extracted from circulating mononuclear blood cells. Single-nucleotide polymorphism was evaluated on polymerase chain reaction using commercial kits. Results: A1AT serum levels were not statistically different among patients with and without ASA (9.52 ± 4.33 µg/mL vs 9.83 ± 5.27 µg/mL, respectively, P =.80). A1AT homozygote mutation (PiM3M3) was significantly higher in the ASA group than the control group (21 vs 11, OR (95% CI): 6.68 [2.09-21.40], P =.001). A1AT serum levels were similar among patients with normal A1AT allele (PiMM), homozygote variant (PiM3M3), and heterozygote variant (PiMM3) (P =.79). Conclusion: This preliminary study revealed that homozygote A1AT rs1303 (PiM3M3) variant is significantly higher in patients with isolated ASA and may be associated with ASA development. Large scale comprehensive studies are needed to validate these results. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Promoter hypermethylation-mediated down-regulation of RUNX3 gene in human brain tumors

Background: The Runx family proteins, including RUNX3, are tissue-restricted transcription factors and play role in neuronal development and tumorigenesis. RUNX3 has an important role in glioblastoma (GBM) tumorigenesis because of its promoter hypermethylation. Aim: We aimed to evaluate the methylation-mediated expression regulation of RUNX3 gene in brain tumors. Patients and methods: Cases of meningiomas WHO grade III (3), anaplastic astrocytomas (3), diffuse astrocytoma (3), and GBM (12) were recruited into this study. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed for analyses of DNA promoter methylation and analyses of methylation-mediated expression status of RUNX3 gene was performed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Results: There was no significant difference between methylated and unmethylated quantitative ratio of RUNX3 gene promoter region and also no significant difference in relative ratio of RUNX3 gene expression in brain tumor groups. Methylated and unmethylated ratio in anaplastic astrocytoma, diffuse astrocytoma, GBM, meningioma (WHO grade III) and in all groups were; 1.44, 1.09, 1.51, 1.52 and 1.43, respectively. One allele was found methylated necessarily. No methylation was detected in one case of GBM group and one case of anaplastic astrocytoma group. There was no unmethylated promoter in one of the GBM cases. There were significant differences between relative ratio of RUNX3 gene expression and methylated/unmethylated ratio rates for all cases (p = 0.001) and GBM groups (p = 0.041). Conclusion: This study overemphasized the RUNX3 gene importance in brain tumors, due to the existence of at least one methylated allele. © Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland 2013

Regulation of URG4/URGCP and PPAR? gene expressions after retinoic acid treatment in neuroblastoma cells

Neuroblastoma (NB), originating from neural crest cells, is the most common extracranial tumor of childhood. Retinoic acid (RA) which is the biological active form of vitamin A regulates differentiation of NB cells, and RA derivatives have been used for NB treatment. PPAR? (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) plays an important role in the oxidation of fatty acids, carcinogenesis, and differentiation. URG4/URGCP gene is a proto-oncogene and that overexpression of URG4/URGCP is associated with metastasis and tumor recurrence in osteosarcoma. It has been known that URG4/URGCP gene is an overexpressed gene in hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric cancers. This study aims to detect gene expression patterns of PPAR? and URG4/URGCP genes in SH-SY5Y NB cell line after RA treatment. Expressions levels of PPAR? and URG4/URGCP genes were analyzed after RA treatment for reducing differentiation in SH-SY5Y NB cell line. To induce differentiation, the cells were treated with 10 µM RA in the dark for 3-10 days. Gene expression of URG4/URGCP and PPAR? genes were presented as the yield of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from target genes compared with the yield of PCR products from the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene. SH-SY5Y cells possess small processes in an undifferentiated state, and after treatment with RA, the cells developed long neurites, resembling a neuronal phenotype. PPAR? gene expression increased in RA-treated groups; URG4/URGCP gene expression decreased in SH-SY5Y cells after RA treatment compared with that in the control cells. NB cell differentiation might associate with PPAR? and URG4/URGCP gene expression profile after RA treatment. © 2013 International Society of Oncology and BioMarkers (ISOBM)

Regulation of URG4/URGCP and PPAR? gene expressions after retinoic acid treatment in neuroblastoma cells

Neuroblastoma (NB), originating from neural crest cells, is the most common extracranial tumor of childhood. Retinoic acid (RA) which is the biological active form of vitamin A regulates differentiation of NB cells, and RA derivatives have been used for NB treatment. PPAR? (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) plays an important role in the oxidation of fatty acids, carcinogenesis, and differentiation. URG4/URGCP gene is a proto-oncogene and that overexpression of URG4/URGCP is associated with metastasis and tumor recurrence in osteosarcoma. It has been known that URG4/URGCP gene is an overexpressed gene in hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric cancers. This study aims to detect gene expression patterns of PPAR? and URG4/URGCP genes in SH-SY5Y NB cell line after RA treatment. Expressions levels of PPAR? and URG4/URGCP genes were analyzed after RA treatment for reducing differentiation in SH-SY5Y NB cell line. To induce differentiation, the cells were treated with 10 µM RA in the dark for 3-10 days. Gene expression of URG4/URGCP and PPAR? genes were presented as the yield of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from target genes compared with the yield of PCR products from the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene. SH-SY5Y cells possess small processes in an undifferentiated state, and after treatment with RA, the cells developed long neurites, resembling a neuronal phenotype. PPAR? gene expression increased in RA-treated groups; URG4/URGCP gene expression decreased in SH-SY5Y cells after RA treatment compared with that in the control cells. NB cell differentiation might associate with PPAR? and URG4/URGCP gene expression profile after RA treatment. © 2013 International Society of Oncology and BioMarkers (ISOBM)

Expression profiling of RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST), REST corepressor 1 (RC0R1), and Synapsin 1 (SYN1) genes in human gliomas

PubMed ID: 27685921Purpose: The repressor element 1 (RE-1) silencing transcription f actor (REST) is a transcription f actor which represses the expression of neuronal differentiation-related genes including SYN1 gene. CoREST, encoded by RCOR1 gene, binds to the REST protein for remodeling of chromatin structure. Although there is a relation among REST, RCOR1, and SYN1 genes, the role of these genes in glioma tumors is still unclear. In this study, expressions of REST, RC0R1, and SYN1 genes were detected in primary cultures derived from tumor samples of diffuse astrocytoma (DA), anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO), and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cases. Methods: Expression profiles were analysed by RT-qPCR and the copy number variations were examined with qPCR in primary cultures. ChIP assay was performed to show binding characteristics of REST and CoREST proteins on promoter region of SYN1 gene. Results: Means of relative expression for REST were as follows: 0.7898, 0.7606, and 0.7318 in DA, AO, and GBM groups, respectively. For RCOR1, expression means in DA, AO, and GBM groups were 0.7203, 0.7334, and 0.7230, respectively. SYN1 expression means were as follows: 0.3936, 0.3192, and 0.3197 in DA, AO, and GBM groups, respectively. Neither gain nor loss of copy numbers were detected for REST and RC0R1 genes in all groups. Copy loss for SYN1 was detected in primary culture of a DA case. REST and CoREST presented positive precipitation pattern on promoter region of SYN1 gene. Conclusions: Expressions of REST and RC0R1 genes may downregulate SYN1 expression in gliomas. Low expression pattern of SYNl may maintain cancer stem-like phenotype which contributes to development of gliomas