Essays on Entrepreneurship in Ecuador: Assessing nonpecuniary effects of access to credit for heterogeneous entrepreneurs

This thesis aims to provide empirical evidence about heterogeneity among entrepreneurs and to explore more in depth the multidimensional concept of entrepreneurship in Ecuador. The thesis is structure in four empirical chapters. Chapter I provides an empirical framework to explore heterogeneity among enterprises and shows that microenterprises in Ecuador are highly heterogeneous. Chapter II explore the presence of mission-drift and trade-offs between social and financial. The results show vary depending on the type of microfinance institution. Chapter III explores gender differences among female and male entrepreneurs in the work-family interface. This chapter shows that female and male entrepreneurs make mostly autonomous entrepreneurial decision-making and are more likely to share decisions about household allocation resources but gender differences appear in decision-making over childbearing and child-rearing. Finally, Chapter IV includes the effect of access to credit over the satisfaction with life of entrepreneurs and shows that having access to a credit has a positive but modest effect of the life satisfaction of entrepreneurs but heterogeneity among female entrepreneurs mask the effects of microcredit programs

Sobrepeso en el periodo post confinamiento por la pandemia covid-19

The research was carried out at the José Chiriboga Grijalva Higher Technological Institute, in Ibarra, Ecuador, on a sample of students to monitor anthropometric measurements, weight and height in the context of COVID-19. For the diagnosis of nutritional status, the Body Mass Index was used; users whose Body Mass Index was between the 85th and <95th percentiles were diagnosed as overweight and those with a value equal to or greater than the 95th percentile, with obesity. The results show that 75% of the students participating in the study who suffer from obesity and 73.4% of those who are overweight live in urban areas. The highest percentage of students who are overweight are in a medium-low socioeconomic level, while the highest percentage of those who are obese are in a high socioeconomic level. Confinement as a sanitary measure for the prevention of COVID-19 infections was related to the increase in the Institute's student index.La investigación se realizó en el Instituto Superior Tecnológico José Chiriboga Grijalva, en Ibarra, Ecuador a una muestra de estudiantes para el seguimiento de medidas antropométricas, peso y talla en el contexto del COVID-19.  Para el diagnóstico del estado nutricional se utilizó el Índice de Masa Corporal; los usuarios, cuyo Índice de Masa Corporal estuvo entre los percentiles 85 y <95 se diagnosticaron con sobrepeso y aquellos con un valor igual o mayor que el percentil 95, con obesidad. Los resultados demuestran que el 75% de los estudiantes, participantes en el estudio, que padecen obesidad y el 73,4% de los que tienen sobrepeso habitan en zonas urbanas. El mayor porcentaje de los estudiantes que tienen sobrepeso se encuentran en nivel socioeconómico medio-bajo, mientras que el mayor porcentaje de los que padecen obesidad se encuentran en un nivel socioeconómico alto. El confinamiento como medida sanitaria para la prevención de contagios de COVID-19 estuvo relacionado con el incremento del Índice de los estudiantes del instituto

Essays on Entrepreneurship in Ecuador: Assessing nonpecuniary effects of access to credit for heterogeneous entrepreneurs

This thesis aims to provide empirical evidence about heterogeneity among entrepreneurs and to explore more in depth the multidimensional concept of entrepreneurship in Ecuador. The thesis is structure in four empirical chapters. Chapter I provides an empirical framework to explore heterogeneity among enterprises and shows that microenterprises in Ecuador are highly heterogeneous. Chapter II explore the presence of mission-drift and trade-offs between social and financial. The results show vary depending on the type of microfinance institution. Chapter III explores gender differences among female and male entrepreneurs in the work-family interface. This chapter shows that female and male entrepreneurs make mostly autonomous entrepreneurial decision-making and are more likely to share decisions about household allocation resources but gender differences appear in decision-making over childbearing and child-rearing. Finally, Chapter IV includes the effect of access to credit over the satisfaction with life of entrepreneurs and shows that having access to a credit has a positive but modest effect of the life satisfaction of entrepreneurs but heterogeneity among female entrepreneurs mask the effects of microcredit programs