49 research outputs found

    Le retour du soldat au XXe siĂšcle

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    Par-delĂ  la diversitĂ© des conflits, le retour des soldats reprĂ©sente toujours un enjeu important pour les sociĂ©tĂ©s belligĂ©rantes : dĂ©construction d’une identitĂ© combattante et reconstruction d’une identitĂ© de civils ; reconnaissance des sacrifices consentis par les soldats et tentatives pour compenser, symboliquement, les prĂ©judices matĂ©riels et psychologiques qui leur ont Ă©tĂ© infligĂ©s durant la guerre ; retour aux normes du temps de paix – notamment aux normes morales. Cet article explore briĂšvement quelques-unes des pistes de recherche sur la sortie de guerre des combattants, depuis la PremiĂšre Guerre mondiale jusqu’à la guerre d’Irak. Il met l’accent sur la difficultĂ© pour l’historien Ă  Ă©tudier les combattants aprĂšs leur retour dans leurs foyers et sur l’intĂ©rĂȘt des « narrations du retour » : l’ensemble des rĂ©cits Ă  travers lesquels nos sociĂ©tĂ©s se racontent le passage de la guerre Ă  la paix.Homecomings: research perspectives on the demobilisation of soldiers in the 20th Century. Beyond the diversity of types of conflict, the demobilisation of soldiers always represents an important stake for societies at war. The issues raised include the deconstruction of soldiers’ identities as fighting men and the re-establishment of their identity as civilians; the recognition of the sacrifices that the soldiers made and the attempts to compensate them, symbolically, for the material and psychological damage that being at war had caused them; the question of a return to peacetime behavioural norms, and particularly moral norms. This article briefly explores a few of these research pathways concerning soldier’s exits from war, looking at the period from 1914-18 to the war in Iraq. It emphasises both the difficulty for the historian of studying combatants after they have returned to their hearths and homes, and the interest of ‘narratives of homecoming’: the accumulated accounts by which our societies tell themselves about the transition from war to peace

    Le retour du soldat au XXe siĂšcle

    Get PDF
    Par-delĂ  la diversitĂ© des conflits, le retour des soldats reprĂ©sente toujours un enjeu important pour les sociĂ©tĂ©s belligĂ©rantes : dĂ©construction d’une identitĂ© combattante et reconstruction d’une identitĂ© de civils ; reconnaissance des sacrifices consentis par les soldats et tentatives pour compenser, symboliquement, les prĂ©judices matĂ©riels et psychologiques qui leur ont Ă©tĂ© infligĂ©s durant la guerre ; retour aux normes du temps de paix – notamment aux normes morales. Cet article explore briĂšvement quelques-unes des pistes de recherche sur la sortie de guerre des combattants, depuis la PremiĂšre Guerre mondiale jusqu’à la guerre d’Irak. Il met l’accent sur la difficultĂ© pour l’historien Ă  Ă©tudier les combattants aprĂšs leur retour dans leurs foyers et sur l’intĂ©rĂȘt des « narrations du retour » : l’ensemble des rĂ©cits Ă  travers lesquels nos sociĂ©tĂ©s se racontent le passage de la guerre Ă  la paix.Homecomings: research perspectives on the demobilisation of soldiers in the 20th Century. Beyond the diversity of types of conflict, the demobilisation of soldiers always represents an important stake for societies at war. The issues raised include the deconstruction of soldiers’ identities as fighting men and the re-establishment of their identity as civilians; the recognition of the sacrifices that the soldiers made and the attempts to compensate them, symbolically, for the material and psychological damage that being at war had caused them; the question of a return to peacetime behavioural norms, and particularly moral norms. This article briefly explores a few of these research pathways concerning soldier’s exits from war, looking at the period from 1914-18 to the war in Iraq. It emphasises both the difficulty for the historian of studying combatants after they have returned to their hearths and homes, and the interest of ‘narratives of homecoming’: the accumulated accounts by which our societies tell themselves about the transition from war to peace

    Modified Habitats Influence Kelp Epibiota via Direct and Indirect Effects

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    Addition of man-made structures alters abiotic and biotic characteristics of natural habitats, which can influence abundances of biota directly and/or indirectly, by altering the ecology of competitors or predators. Marine epibiota in modified habitats were used to test hypotheses to distinguish between direct and indirect processes. In Sydney Harbour, kelps on pier-pilings supported greater covers of bryozoans, particularly of the non-indigenous species Membranipora membranacea, than found on natural reefs. Pilings influenced these patterns and processes directly due to the provision of shade and indirectly by altering abundances of sea-urchins which, in turn, affected covers of bryozoans. Indirect effects were more important than direct effects. This indicates that artificial structures affect organisms living on secondary substrata in complex ways, altering the biodiversity and indirectly affecting abundances of epibiota. Understanding how these components of habitats affect ecological processes is necessary to allow sensible prediction of the effects of modifying habitats on the ecology of organisms

    Beyond national narratives? : centenary histories, the First World War and the Armenian Genocide

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    In April 2015 the centenary of the Armenian Genocide was commemorated. Just like the First World War centenary, this anniversary has provoked a flurry of academic and public interest in what remains a highly contested history. This article assesses the state of the current historiography on the fate of the Ottoman Armenians. It focuses on the possibilities for moving beyond the national narratives which continue to dominate the field, in particular through connecting the case of the Armenian Genocide to what has been termed a ‘transnational turn’ in the writing of the history of the First World War

    Climate Change, Coral Reef Ecosystems, and Management Options for Marine Protected Areas

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    Marine protected areas (MPAs) provide place-based management of marine ecosystems through various degrees and types of protective actions. Habitats such as coral reefs are especially susceptible to degradation resulting from climate change, as evidenced by mass bleaching events over the past two decades. Marine ecosystems are being altered by direct effects of climate change including ocean warming, ocean acidification, rising sea level, changing circulation patterns, increasing severity of storms, and changing freshwater influxes. As impacts of climate change strengthen they may exacerbate effects of existing stressors and require new or modified management approaches; MPA networks are generally accepted as an improvement over individual MPAs to address multiple threats to the marine environment. While MPA networks are considered a potentially effective management approach for conserving marine biodiversity, they should be established in conjunction with other management strategies, such as fisheries regulations and reductions of nutrients and other forms of land-based pollution. Information about interactions between climate change and more “traditional” stressors is limited. MPA managers are faced with high levels of uncertainty about likely outcomes of management actions because climate change impacts have strong interactions with existing stressors, such as land-based sources of pollution, overfishing and destructive fishing practices, invasive species, and diseases. Management options include ameliorating existing stressors, protecting potentially resilient areas, developing networks of MPAs, and integrating climate change into MPA planning, management, and evaluation

    Un temps d’incertitude et d’attente : une lecture des relations Ă©pistolaires entre combattants et civils lors de la sortie de guerre (1918-1920)

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    Les historiens de la culture de guerre l’ont Ă©crit Ă  de multiples reprises : « Le front est une tant les liens matĂ©riels, affectifs, le presqu’üle », spirituels qui relient aux fronts intĂ©rieurs sont variĂ©s et intenses. Dans ces Ă©changes nombreux, les correspondances familiales occupent naturellement une place centrale. Les lettres sont attendues, lues et relues, parfois apprises par cƓur et gardĂ©es prĂ©cieusement, au plus prĂšs du corps, comme autant de reliques personnelles. MatĂ©riellement, e..

    Thomas W. Salmon, les traumatismes de guerre et la société américaine

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    Les histoires de la psychiatrie pendant la Grande Guerre tendent Ă  gommer l’originalitĂ© de la psychiatrie de guerre amĂ©ricaine. Ses grandes figures sont mĂ©connues, ses modĂšles thĂ©rapeutiques ignorĂ©s. L’arrivĂ©e tardive des troupes amĂ©ricaines sur le thĂ©Ăątre des opĂ©rations en Europe, au printemps 1918, donne le sentiment que les mĂ©decins amĂ©ricains se sont contentĂ©s de suivre scrupuleusement les mĂ©thodes appliquĂ©es par leurs collĂšgues europĂ©ens, prĂ©sents depuis plus longtemps sur les champs de ..

    L’anticipation de la paix, à travers le contrîle postal du 11 novembre 1918

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    Le contrĂŽle postal est aujourd’hui un fonds d’archives bien connu, une « source prĂ©cieuse pour l’histoire contemporaine de l’opinion et des mentalitĂ©s », comme l’écrivait il y a trente ans Jean-NoĂ«l Jeanneney. Pourtant, depuis la thĂšse consacrĂ©e par Annick Cochet au contrĂŽle postal de l’annĂ©e 1916, et malgrĂ© les importantes avancĂ©es mĂ©thodologiques conduites par Jean-Jacques Becker dans le domaine de l’étude de l’opinion publique, il faut bien reconnaĂźtre que cette masse documentaire impressi..
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