Editorial

Our journal is entering into a new year with renewed energy, and with a whole new editorial team. When the endeavor was initiated a few years back, Culture, Society & Praxis was envisioned first and foremost as a student online journal. The founding group identified as its mission to provide a space for students as intellectuals ready to envision transformative ideas through critical thinking. We think that we know what this means but, what does this really mean? In a nutshell, it means that it is a space for students that firmly believe that the world can be transformed, but that it needs to be transformed as a result of an exercise of critical reflection triggered into action. This journal is about Praxis. At a more practical level, Culture Society and Praxis is a venue for presentation and collaboration. Praxis is about bringing theoretical concepts to an everyday life horizon and applying them to real world situations. We want to think of this as a humanizing endeavor. Getting involved with this journal as a reader, author, editor or reviewer is to have an opportunity for creation. This is who we are, and this is the moment we are living in. This journal is a great contribution to the advancement of scholastic endeavors and it is your tool for putting ideas into action. Our audience is wide but it is intended particularly for students and professionals interested in the transformation of culture and society. Our goal is to make an academic journal that includes voices from those who want to be heard. CS&P is multi-lingual, multicultural, inclusive, and experimental. CS&P is coordinated by CSUMB students but it is open and is interested in generating curiosity and participation beyond our campus. It is also a peer-reviewed journal that allows students to be hands-on in the process of publication. Submissions are assigned to student reviewers that will consider the materials in an unbiased professional process of review. Here is a difference: while we aspire to high quality work, we do not reject materials. As we learn how to produce a professional journal, we work with the authors until we get it right, or close to right: we work in collaboration with the authors to polish their ideas with the expectations that such dedication will result in a publication. Rejecting an article is for us silencing. Working with an author to get the idea out is empowering. This journal aims for the future, bringing about a new look and moving forward to providing academic success for its participants. Our hopes and ambitions are to take a community based effort and put it into this journal in order to give a voice to students that may otherwise have been left unheard. Our intentions are focused around the journal being a platform for student success. CS&P is important because it has permitted us to grow as students of this University. It is pleasing to know we are part of an intellectual group that provides students with the opportunity to express their issues of concern. We are experimenting; perhaps we are creating a space for change to occur

In This Issue . . .

In this issue of Culture Society and Praxis, we return to our reflections on War, Culture, and the Future. Jeff Kasik entertains a very difficult question for people in the US today. It is the question of the ethical dimension of the use of military force around the world, and also of the use of professional, disciplinary based knowledge in practices of war that allow combatant forces to engage effectively in killing the enemy. Easier said than done; Kasik faces the difficult task of putting into words what it is often impossible to articulate, particularly for those that have faced the need to pull the trigger. Chad Roberts\u27 piece brings us to another kind of war, one that we can certainly live with but one that often people simply do not know how to frame: it is the Graffiti Wars. His piece brings the magic of the insider\u27s perspective, and challenges our readers to consider the true dimension of this sociological phenomenon of global proportions. Hand in hand with the topic of sense of belonging, Violeta Mendoza Wagner writes a carefully framed reflection on the importance of Bilingual Education. Mendoza Wagner takes a strong stance in favor of considering Bilingual Education as an important tool to ensure the integration of the migrant population. Ana Moran contributes to this issue a short piece of undeniable power. Her article challenges the reader with a direct question: Tell me if I pass and if I am worth it! The reader would agree that this rhetorical question is responded by Moran with a resounding and well articulated reflection on the importance of identity. Her piece is a clever and vivid reflection on the difficulties and importance of identity, and where class, gender and ethnicity intersect. This time we have in the midst of our writers a coveted author that has written extensively and is one of the most renowned specialists in the history of Vietnam. David Anderson\u27s piece takes us back to the questions that are difficult to answer, related to War, Peace and the Future. We are honored to have this guest piece and we hope our readers find it as relevant to the current issue as we think it is

The Mechanism of Rising Tone Merger in Hong Kong Cantonese: An Acoustic Approach

Oral Session W2AHong Kong Cantonese (HKC) stands out from other tone languages in the world by having a rich system of tonal contrast. There are six contrastive tones in standard HKC, namely high level, high rising, mid level, extra-low level, low rising and low level tone. However, this highly complex system is in the process of merging (e.g. Bauer, Cheung and Cheung 2003; Mok and Wong 2010a, 2010b). In a production and perception study on contemporary HKC tones conducted by the first and second authors, it is confirmed that the two rising tones, high rising (HR)[35] and low rising (LR)[23], are merged in a subcommunity of HKC speakers. What remains unclear is the mechanism of the merger. Are the HR tone words transferred to the LR tone or vice versa? What are the acoustic differences of the rising tones produced by the mergers as compared with those by the non-mergers? This paper takes on the above questions by examining the acoustic properties of the two rising tones produced by the mergers as well as the non-mergers of two different age groups .....published_or_final_versio

Factors Associated with Use of Intra-Uterine Device in Women of Reproductive Age in Boyolali, Central Java

Background: Family planning is a key strategy for reduction of maternal mortality. Family planning aims to control birth in order to control population growth. Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), which include intra-uterine device (IUD), are the most effective methods of birth control. Studies into factors affecting the uptake of IUD was lacking in Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with use of IUD in women of reproductive age in Boyolali, Central Java, using multilevel analysis model and Theory of Planned Behavior.Subjects and Method: This was a case control study carried out in 25 posyandus (integrated community health posts) in Boyolali, Central Java, from April to June 2018. A sample of 200 women was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was IUD use. The independent variables were education, family income, intention, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behaviour control, and husband support. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel logistic regression on Stata 13.Results: IUD use among women reproductive age increased with higher maternal education (b= 4.06; 95% CI= 0.68 to 7.44; p=0.019), higher family income (b= 3.90; 95% CI= 1.67to 7.64; p=0.041), positive attitude (b= 4.54; 95% CI= 0.52 to 8.55; p=0.027), positive subjective norm (b= 3.06; 95% CI= 0.01to 6.10; p= 0.049), strong perceived behaviour control (b= 3.40; 95% CI= -0.04to 6.85; p=0.053), strong intention (b= 3.18; 95% CI= -0.06to 6.41; p= 0.054), and strong husband support (b= 4.28; 95% CI= 0.01to 7.44; p= 0.050). Posyandu had a contextual effect on IUD use with ICC= 32.10%.Conclusion: IUD use among women reproductive age increases with higher maternal education, higher family income, positive attitude, positive subjective norm, strong perceived behaviour control, strong intention, and strong husband support. Posyandu has sizeable contextual effect on IUD use.Keywords: intra-uterine device, utilization, determinants, multilevel analysisCorrespondence:Bekti Susilowati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281226808595.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(4): 252-260https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.04.0

Association between Socio-demographic, Nutrition Intake, Cultural Belief, and Incidence of Anemia in Pregnant Women In Karanganyar, Central Java

Background: Anemia in pregnancy remains a major public health issue in developing countries. Studies in Indonesia examining the effects of socio-demographic factors, dietary pattern, and cultural belief on the risk of anemia in pregnancy are lacking. This study aimed to examine the effects of socio-demographic factors, dietary pattern, and cultural belief on the risk of anemia in pregnancy.Subjects and Method: An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 community health centers in Karanganyar, Central Java, from February to March 2018.A total of 200 trimesters I, II, and III pregnant mothers was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 50 mothers with anemia and 150 mothers without anemia. The dependent variable was anemia during pregnancy. The independent variables were nutrition intake, dietary pattern, consumption of iron tablet, family income, parity, family size, antenatal care visit, and cultural belief. The data were collected by questionnaire. The anemia status was obtained from the medical record. The data were analyzed by path analysis performed on Stata 13.Results: The risk of anemia during pregnancy directly decreased with better nutrition intake (b= -1.02; 95% CI= -1.73 to -0.31; p= 0.005) and regular consumption of iron tablet (b= -0.79; 95% CI= 1.48 to -0.10; p= 0.024). The risk of anemia during pregnancy was indirectly affected by better dietary pattern, higher family income, larger family size, cultural belief, parity, higher education, and antenatal care visit.Conclusion: Good nutrition intake and regular consumption of iron tablet decreased the risk of anemia during pregnancy. Dietary pattern, family income, family size, cultural belief, parity, and maternal education have indirect effects on the risk of anemia during pregnancy.Keywords: anemia, pregnancy, nutrition intake, iron tablet, dietary patternCorrespondence: Indah Permatasari Sinawangwulan. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285655261261.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(2): 128-137https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.02.0

Fried potatoes: Impact of prolonged frying in monounsaturated oils

Fresh potatoes were intermittently deep-fried up to recommended limits (175 °C, 8 h/day, 28 h) in extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), peanut oil (PO) and canola oil (CO), and compared for diverse chemical components and sensorial attributes, aiming to quantify the impact of prolonged frying on potatoes nutrients, and the potential alterations resulting from the use of different monounsaturated-rich oils. Independently of oil type, its degradation promotes time-dependent losses of important potato nutrients, as vitamin C. Regarding the monounsaturated-rich oils tested, potatoes fried in CO had more equilibrated fatty acid profiles, but higher amounts of aldehydes derived from PUFA oxidation, while in EVOO were enriched with phenolic compounds. Acrylamide amounts were not affected by oil type or frying hours. Sensory degradation was gradually perceived by the panellists, except in PO. Prolonged frying should not be studied only on the basis of oil degradation because, even if within regulated limits, it induces loss of important food compounds.The authors acknowledge the financial support from PRODER (Contract n° 53988), co-financed by FAEDER, and from project UID/QUI/50006/2013 – POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007265 with financial support from FCT/MEC through national funds, co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020 and the PhD Grant—SFRH/BD/82285/2011 attributed to Carla S.P. Santos. Lucía Molina García also acknowledges the financial support from Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3) and University of Jaén, from Spain

The Effect of Regional Airline Attendance Policies on Pilot Self-Removal from Duty for Illness or Fatigue

The purpose of this paper was to study the effect of current regional airline attendance policies on the willingness of crewmembers to remove themselves from duty when ill or fatigued. This study sought to determine if the current punitive attendance policies are encouraging crewmembers to operate contrary to federal regulation. A survey was given to current pilots of four regional airlines with similar attendance policies. The responses were correlated with supplied demographic and experiential data. The goal of the paper was to examine the major areas of concern and suggested solutions. The overwhelming majority of respondents felt that their companies’ fatigue, illness, and attendance policies were punitive, either by design or implementation, and were also more likely to state that these policies affected their decision to remove themselves from duty when ill or fatigued