Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH)
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The Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency on Anemia in Children and Adolescents: Meta-Analysis
Background: Anemia in children and adolescents has an impact on central nervous system damage that can continue into adulthood. Some evidence states that one of the causes of anemia is vitamin D deficiency. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the incidence of anemia in children and adolescents, through a meta-analysis of primary studies conducted by previous authors.Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: children and adolescents, intervention: vitamin D deficiency, comparison: no vitamin D deficiency, outcome: anemia. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, using the search key "Vitamin D" OR "25-Hydroxy Vitamin D" OR "25(OH)D" AND "Anemia" OR " Anemia". The included article is a full-text cross-sectional study design from 2010 to 2022 and reports the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) in multivariate analysis. The selection of articles is done using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.4 application.Results: A total of 9 cross-sectional studies involving 18,608 children and adolescents from the Americas and Asia were selected for meta-analysis. Children and adolescents with vitamin D deficiency had a risk of anemia 2.87 times compared to those without vitamin D deficiency (aOR= 2.87; 95% CI= 2.36 to 3.48; p<0.001).Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of anemia in children and adolescents.Keywords: vitamin D deficiency, anemia, children, adolescents.Correspondence: Bani Dianika. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +62852227339349.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2023), 08(01): 12-22https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2023.08.01.02
Development of Mobile Health EPDS for Early Detection of Postpartum Blues for Postpartum Mothers at The Working Area of Puskesmas Sentani, Jayapura Regency
Background: Postpartum mothers who cannot adapt to their new role as parents or have no family support can experience psychological (mental) disorders, namely postpartum blues, postpartum depression, and even postpartum psychosis. The purpose of this study was to produce MHEPDS for early detection of postpartum blues.Subjects and Method: Research and Development (R&D) & quasi-experimental research was conducted on postpartum mothers in the work area of the Sentani Health Center, Jayapura Regency from May 2022 to July 2022. A sample of 30 postpartum mothers was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable is mobile health EPDS. The independent variable is the EPDS scale. Other data collected by questionnaire. Data were analyzed by analyzing paired sample T test using the Stata 13 application.Results: Based on the results of the feasibility test of the MHEPDS application by psychologists, media and midwives for the design aspect the figure was 89.33% and for the clarity of information aspect it was 82.67%. For scores ranging from 81-100%, it is declared very feasible. The paired samples T test showed no difference between MHEPDS (Mean=15.2; SD=6.70) and EPDS (Mean=14.9; SD=6.52), and this result was not statistically significant (p= 0.662).Conclusion: The MHEPDS application has been made and can be used to detect postpartum blues events. The feasibility test for the application is declared feasible and can be used in postpartum mothers.Keywords: Postpartum blues, EPDS, MHEPDS, Research and Development.Correspondence: Endah Purwanti Handayani, Diploma III Midwife Study Program Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan (Stikes) Jayapura. Jl. Youmakhe Kelurahan Hinekombe Sentani 99352, Papua. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085254440490.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2023), 08(03): 278-289https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2023.08.03.03
Prenatal, Perinatal, and Other Risk Factors of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Soerojo Hospital
Background: Long-term negative effects on academic ability and social activities can persist into adulthood in children with neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder/ ADHD). Genetic, neurotransmitter, neurological, environmental, psychosocial, brain trauma, and addictive factors are some of the predisposing factors for ADHD. But theoretically, maternal risk factors often contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders, because of their potential influence on child brain development. This study aimed to assess the proportion of maternal risk factors consisting of prenatal, perinatal, and other factors of ADHD in Soerojo Hospital.Subjects and Method: A descriptive-analytic study with a retrospective approach was conducted on April-June 2022 at Soerojo Hospital. A total of 90 subjects pediatric patients diagnosed with ADHD selected by purposive sampling. The data were collected using questionnaires. The data were described in frequency (n) and percent (%).Results: The proportion of prenatal risk factors are mother’s age at pregnancy (19%), maternal disease history (8%), hormonal contraception pre-pregnancy (24%), maternal psychopathology (34%), maternal excess weight (49%); the proportion of perinatal risk factors are premature birth (12%), operative abdominal and vaginal delivery (49%), low birth weight (13%), neonatal emergencies (34%); while other factors are hereditary factors (13%), exposure to cigarettes (47%), and marital conditions (23%).Conclusion: The most common maternal risk factors were maternal excess weight, operative abdominal and vaginal delivery, exposure to cigarettes, maternal psychopathology, and neonatal emergencies.Keywords: ADHD, maternal risk factor, prenatal, perinatal.Correspondence: Doddy Sutanto, Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Soerojo Hospital, Magelang, Indonesia, Jl. Ahmad Yani No. 169, Magelang 56115, Central Java. Email: doddysutanto.soerojohospital@gmail.com.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2023), 08(03): 335-346https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2023.08.03.08
The Influence of Maternal Social Deprivation on Undernutrition in Children Under 5 Years in Northern and Southern Nigeria
Background: Undernutrition is a global public health issue that has far-reaching consequences on the health and development of individuals as well as economic and social impacts on communities and countries. Middle and low-income countries like Nigeria bear the highest burdens and Nigeria has an unequal distribution of this burden between the North and South. Maternal socioeconomic factors have been implicated in the burden of undernutrition. This study examines the regional differences in these factors as key determinants of the inequalities in the distribution of the burden of undernutrition.Subjects and Method: We conducted a secondary data analysis of the child-recode data set from the cross-sectional 2018 Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS). NDHS participants were selected from all thirty-six states in Nigeria and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) via a two-stage stratified cluster design. The child-recode data set includes 33,924 children aged 0 to 59 months. The dependent variables are weight for age, height for age, and weight for height. Independent variables of interest include the mother’s education, mother’s employment status, wealth quintile, and residence. Additional confounders included the age and sex of the child. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between region, maternal deprivation factors, and undernutrition.Results: The unadjusted odds of being underweight (OR=2.80; 95% CI=2.53 to 3.10; p<0.001), stunted (OR=3.09; 95% CI=2.84 to 3.37; p<0.001), or wasted (OR=1·91; 95% CI=1.62 to 2.28; p<0.001) were statistically significantly higher in children living in the North compared to children in the South. Across all 3 indices of undernutrition, the most consistent factors affecting childhood undernutrition were the mother's education (no formal education) and wealth quintile (poorest households). The regional differences in the prevalence of undernutrition persisted, after accounting for maternal deprivation factors that are more prevalent in the Northern parts of Nigeria.Conclusion: Policies and programs to improve childhood undernutrition should be community-centered and focus on mitigating the inequities in important contributory factors. Further research to explore the role of childhood infections and environmental factors such as water, sanitation, and hygiene in the regional differences in undernutrition in Nigeria is needed.Keywords: nutrition, social deprivation, Nigeria, children.Correspondence: Nkiru J. Obi. Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri. Mobile: 513-3027517. Email: [email protected] of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(05): 300-311https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2023.08.03.05
Enhancing Knowledge and Attitude with a Sex Educational Pop-up Book for Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities
Background: Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) adolescents lack of understanding, access to information, and limited knowledge of the sexual behaviours of their peers in the general population. The need for accurate information about sex education is very important in order to stay safe and healthy. However, there is no appropriate, population-specific, and empirically validated sexual education content for individuals with intellectual disabilities. Education for Adolescents with ID requires media in concrete or real physical form and is designed in an attractive way so that they can understand the topic or theme being taught, All information about educational objects is displayed in the form of three-dimensional embossed images or commonly called pop-up books. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of sex education using the Pop-up Book on the knowledge and attitude of an adolescent student with an ID in Special Primary Schools (SPS) Children 1 Padang. Subjects and Method: This is a pre-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest design conducted from April to August 2022. The target population is all students with ID in SPS 1 Padang. This study used purposive sampling, and the sample size is 21. The independent variable of this study was sexual education using the Pop-up Book while the dependent variable was knowledge and attitude were measured using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by paired t-test.Results: The average knowledge score increased after (Mean= 11.1; SD= 2.47) given the sexual education intervention with Pop-up book media compared to before (Mean= 9.33; SD=2.13), and this result was statistically significant (p = 0.028). The average attitude score increased after (Mean= 5.86; SD= 1.24) given the sexual education intervention with Pop-up book media compared to before (Mean= 3.67; SD= 0.48), and this result was statistically significant (p<o.001).Conclusion: The pop-up book efficacy for students’ understanding of sexual education.Keywords: teenager, perspective, mental retardation, recognition, pop-up book, sexual education.Correspondence: Arif Rohman Mansur. Department of Children and Maternity, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Andalas, Padang West Sumatera, Indonesia. Email: arifrohmanmansurphd@nrs.unand.ac.id. Mobile: 085228892075.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2023), 08(03): 363-369Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Marethttps://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2023.08.03.11
Relationship Between Anxiety and Asthma Control Among Pregnant Women with Asthma
Background: Asthma is a disorder of the airways in the form of chronic inflammation (inflammation). Pregnancy with a history of asthma certainly feels uncomfortable and can interfere with daily activities, this is what will cause an anxiety response. Anxiety in pregnancy with a history of asthma will certainly have an influence on asthma control in pregnant women, so there is a need for research on this case. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety levels and the incidence of asthma control in pregnant women with asthma comorbidities at Airlangga University Hospital, Surabaya.Subjects and Method: This research uses observational analytic method with cross sectional design. The sample in this study were pregnant women with comorbid asthma at Airlangga University Hospital who visited from January to March 2022 and sample selection used a purposive sampling method. The dependent variable is the level of asthma control. The independent variable is the level of anxiety. The research instrument used a Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) and Asthma Control Test (ACT) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Correlation test. Results: There is a positive and moderate relationship between anxiety and asthma control in pregnant women with asthma comorbidities. Pregnant women with comorbid asthma who experienced severe anxiety had total control of asthma control, and this result was statistically significant (r= 0.41; p= 0.002).Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between anxiety and the level of asthma control in pregnant women with asthma comorbidities at Airlangga University Hospital.Keywords: pregnancy, anxiety, asthma control.Correspondence: Winda Aenah, Midwifery Program Study, Faculty of Medicine,Universotas Airlangga,Indonesia. Jl. Mayjen Prof.Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Pacar Kembang,Kec.Tambaksari,Kota SBY,Jawa Timur 60132. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285785099130.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2023), 08(02): 203-209https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2023.08.02.07
Caretakers' Role in Personal Hygiene Children with Down Syndrome
Background: Despite their flaws, children with Down Syndrome require caretakers' involvement, especially in personal hygiene. Caretakers play a critical role in meetings in terms of cleanliness. This study investigates the role of caretakers in the Personal Hygiene of children with Down syndrome. Subjects and Method: A qualitative phenomenological approach was used. Purposive sampling of 10 people based on specific criteria is used to find participants. In-depth interviews, observations, and field notes were used to collect data Results: This study has resulted that the role of caretakers in the personal Hygiene of children with Down syndrome is divided into five themes: Developing communication skills with children, providing examples through specific media, providing surrounding support, providing a reward or consequences, and modeling.Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the role of caretakers has a significant impact on the learning of personal Hygiene, so strategies are required to enable children to carry out self-cleaning tasks thoroughly.Keywords: Caretaker; Personal Hygiene; Down Syndrome.Correspondence: Rifka Purnamawati. Masters Program in Health Promotion, Diponegoro University, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6287836126783.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2023), 08(03): 255-263https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2023.08.03.01
The Correlation of Knowledge, Mother’s Attitude, And Posyandu Utilization in Weighing Under Five Children with Nutritional Status
Background: Malnutrition is a condition of deficiency, excess, or imbalance of nutrients from the amount of nutrients needed by the body. One of the ways to prevent malnutrition is by monitoring regularly through a program of public health activities, namely weighing toddlers. This study aims to determine the relationship between mother's knowledge, mother's attitude, and utilization of posyandu in weighing toddlers with toddlers' nutritional status.Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Semambung Village, Wonoayu District, Sidoarjo Regency in August 2022. A total of 144 research subjects were selected using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The dependent variable is nutritional status. The independent variables are knowledge, mother's attitude, and posyandu utilization. The research instrument is a questionnaire. Data analysis used the chi square test and Odds ratio (OR).Results: Mothers who do not routinely visit posyandu are at risk for having children with nutritional status of BB/U (OR= 3.39; 95% CI= 1.46 to 7.84; p= 0.003) and TB/U (OR= 4.37; 95% CI= 1.20 to 15.84 ; p= 0.016) and the result is statistically significant. Whereas mothers with less knowledge and negative attitudes were not statistically significant.Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is no relationship between mother's knowledge, mother's attitude and nutritional status of toddlers. and there is a relationship between posyandu utilization and the nutritional status of children under five based on the BB/A and TB/A index.Keywords: knowledge, attitude, posyandu utilization, nutritional status.Correspondence: Anggraini Dian Prasticha. Midwifery Program Study, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Indonesia, Jl. Mayjen Pro. Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Pacar Kembang, Kec. Tambaksari, Kota SBY, Jawa Timur 60132 Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281235205296.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2023), 08(02): 188-202https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2023.08.02.06
Meta-Analysis: The Effect of Anemia in Pregnant Women on the Risk of Postpartum Bleeding and Low Birth Weight
Background: Anemia in pregnancy usually occurs in the 1st and 3rd trimesters with Hb levels below 11g% and in the 2nd trimester with Hb levels less than 10.5g%. The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women around the world ranges from 41.8% to 43.8%, which means that around 56-59 million pregnant women suffer from anemia. Factors that cause anemia that often appear in pregnant women are malnutrition and iron deficiency, so that iron anemia in pregnancy can result in increased maternal mortality rates (MMR). Anemia during pregnancy can result in fetal death, abortion, birth defects, low birth weight and can cause bleeding during labour.Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was carried out using the PRISMA flowchart and the PICO model (Population: pregnant women, Intervention: anemia, Comparison: no anemia, Outcome: LBW and postpartum hemorrhage). The databases used are PubMed, Research Gate, Science Direct, and Google Scholar with the keywords “maternal anemia” AND “postpartum hemorrhage” AND cohort, “maternal anemia” AND “low birth weight” AND cohort. There were 17 cohort studies published in 2012-2022 that met the inclusion criteria. The total sample in this meta-analysis was 719,172. Analysis was performed with Revman 5.3.Results: 17 articles with cohort research designs originating from China, Taiwan, Japan, India, Bangladesh, England, Scotland, North America and the United States involving 719,172 pregnant women. A meta-analysis of 9 cohort studies showed that anemia in pregnant women increased the risk of giving birth to LBW babies 1.35 times compared to pregnant women who were not anemic (aOR= 1.35; 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.75; p=0.020). A meta-analysis of 8 cohort studies showed that anemia in pregnant women increased the risk of postpartum hemorrhage 1.99 times compared to pregnant women who were not anemic (aOR= 1.99; 95% CI = 1.24 to 3.18; p=0.004).Conclusion: Anemia in pregnant women can increase the risk of LBW babies and postpartum hemorrhage.Keywords: Pregnant women, anemia, LBW, postpartum hemorrhage, and Meta-AnalysisCorrespondence: Fahmi Adhimukti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +628-5743155133.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2023), 08(01): 58-69https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2023.08.01.06
The Role of Ferritin Serum Level as Predictor Sepsis Mortality on Children in Dr. Moewardi Hospital of Surakarta
Background: Sepsis cause death in the worldwide pediatric population. Eestablishing the diagnosis of sepsis in children is challenging because the symptoms are varied and not specific. Serum ferritin is an acute phase protein which can be elevated in sepsis. This study aimed to determine the role of ferritin level as a predictor for sepsis mortality in pediatric patientSubject and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in children aged between 1 months and 18 years old diagnosed with sepsis who were treated at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta from November 2021 to April 2022. The statistical analysis used SPSS 25 with p<0.05 was considered significant. The cut off point of serum ferritin level was determined with ROC curve.Results: Twenty septic children were included in study, of whom 8 children died and 12 children survived. The mean serum ferritin levels of the subjects who survived and died were 925 ng/ml and 1257 ng/ml, respectively. The serum ferritin level wiht the cut off point of 975 ng/ml had sensitivity and specificity of 87.5% and 75% respectively (p=0.006).Conclusion: Serum ferritin level can be predictor of mortality in children with sepsis.Keywords: ferritin, mortality in sepsis, childrenCorrespondence: Agus Sucianto. Department of Pediatrics, Sebelas Maret University/ Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Kolonel Sutarto Street No. 132, Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 081227595134.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2023), 08(02): 210-216https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2023.08.02.08