Chapitre XVII. Les figures du maître en psychanalyse

La notion de maître n’est pas compatible avec la psychanalyse. Elle sous-entend en effet une relation de soumission, au moins intellectuelle, contraire à l’objectif d’élaboration et de dépassement du transfert qui doit conduire, au terme de l’analyse, à ressentir son analyste comme un homme ordinaire avec des forces et des faiblesses communes. Toute idéalisation primitive doit être éradiquée et l’analysant parvient à une représentation réaliste, lucide de son analyste, de lui-même et de la psychanalyse, renonçant à la toute puissance. Mais pour fonder une école, il faut séduire et convaincre que l’on offre une nouvelle théorisation, une nouvelle pratique, promesse de supériorité et de gains narcissiques. Il faut se donner à idéaliser et être suffisamment dans la duperie, l’illusion ou le mensonge qu’on voudrait pieux. Celui qui a réussi à s’imposer comme maître, à faire école, est inévitablement l’objet d’attaques permanentes, puisque le maître est au mieux un léger escroc. L’histoire et l’actualité de la psychanalyse montrent la constance de ce processus de violence, condamnant le mouvement à la répétition des exclusions et scissions contre lesquelles la seule défense est la recherche d’un ennemi extérieur fédérateur (les neurosciences, les cognitivistes…), non pas menace pour la survie mais indispensable à la survie

The Healthy Side of Positive Schizotypy May Reflect Positive Self-Report Biases

The concept of healthy schizotypy, characterized by positive schizotypy symptoms in the absence of negative or disorganized schizotypy, raises questions regarding whether the contrast between its healthy appearance and its relatively high level of impairment might be due to self-reported advantages. Using cluster analysis, we aimed at typifying a positive schizotypy group in a large nonclinical sample of young adults to examine its association with depressive symptoms, cannabis use, academic performance, well-being and serendipity, while controlling for variables inducing positive self-report biases: self-deceptive denial, wishful thinking, social desirability and narcissistic traits. We thus identified a pure positive schizotypy cluster (P) and a positive and disorganized cluster (PD) which had the highest level of the positive factor. Both clusters were characterized by a contrast between a high level of well-being, life satisfaction and self-reported serendipity (similar to a low schizotypy cluster) with elevated level of impairment markers (lower academic performance, higher depressive symptoms and cannabis use), comparable with clusters high in negative schizotypy. Moreover P and PD had elevated levels of variables susceptible to induce positive self-report biases (denial, wishful thinking, social desirability, narcissistic traits), while the clusters high in negative schizotypy had lower levels. We conclude that the relative high level of well-being and life satisfaction observed in groups with elevated positive and low negative schizotypy may in fact be linked to positive self-report biases

The co-occurrence of autistic traits and borderline personality disorder traits is associated to increased suicidal ideation in nonclinical young adults

International audienceBackground: The co-occurrence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is not rare and has been linked to increased suicidality. Despite this significant comorbidity between ASD and BPD, no study had examined the cooccurrence of autistic traits and borderline personality disorder traits in the general population. The aim of the present study was to examine the co-occurrence of autistic and borderline traits in a non-clinical sample of young adults and its influence on the levels of suicidal ideation and depressive symptomatology.Procedures: Participants were 474 college students who completed self-report questionnaires. Data were analysed using correlation and cluster analyses.Main findings: Borderline personality traits and autistic traits were weakly correlated. However, cluster analysis yielded four groups: a low traits group, a borderline traits group, an autistic traits group, and a group characterized by high levels of both traits. Cluster analysis revealed that autistic and borderline traits can co-occur in a significant proportion of young adults. The high autistic and borderline traits group constituted 17% of the total sample and had higher level of suicidal ideation than the borderline traits group, despite similar levels of depressive symptoms.Conclusion: This result suggests that the higher suicidality observed in patients with comorbid ASD and BPD may extent to non-clinical individuals with high levels of cooccurrent autistic and borderline traits

Les dépressions du post-partum (étude comparative de deux programmes de dépistage, de prévention et de traitement chez 450 femmes)

TOULOUSE2-BUC Mirail (315552102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Insatisfaction corporelle masculine (relations entre estime de soi, dépression, exposition du corps, influences socioculturelles et troubles des conduites alimentaires)

TOULOUSE2-BUC Mirail (315552102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Le travail de deuil chez les rescapés du génocide des Batutsi de 1994 au Rwanda (liens entre l'exposition aux évéments traumatiques, l'état de stress post-traumatique et le deuil traumatique)

TOULOUSE2-BUC Mirail (315552102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Étude des relations entre les stratégies d'adaptation aux sentiments dépressifs, la symptomatologie dépressive et les idées suicidaires chez l'adolescent

Summary : Relationships between coping strategies to face depressive feelings and the depressive symptomatology and suicidal ideations among adolescents The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationships between depressive symptomatology, suicidal ideation and coping strategies to face depressive feelings in adolescents : 382 high-school students completed a questionnaire assessing coping strategies to face depression and a questionnaire assessing depressive symptomatology and suicidal ideation. Multiple regression analyses showed that negative cognitions (rumination and self-blame) and lack of problem-focused strategies were the main predictors of the intensity of depressive symptomatology whereas depressive symptomatology and use of psychoactive substances were the main predictors of suicidal ideation for both boys and girls. Key words : coping, depressive symptomatology, suicidal ideations, adolescents.Résumé Cette étude a évalué les relations entre symptomatologie dépressive et suicidaire et stratégies d'adaptation aux sentiments dépressifs : 382 lycéens ont répondu à un questionnaire d'évaluation des stratégies d'adaptation aux sentiments dépressifs et à un questionnaire d'évaluation de la symptomatologie dépressive et des idées de suicide. Des analyses de régression multiples ont montré que les cognitions négatives (ruminer ses soucis et se faire des reproches) et le manque de stratégies centrées sur le problème étaient les principaux prédicteurs de l'intensité de la symptomatologie dépressive, alors que la symptomatologie dépressive et la consommation de substances psychoactives étaient les principaux prédicteurs des idées de suicide chez les filles comme chez les garçons. Mots clés : stratégies d'adaptation, symptomatologie dépressive, idées suicidaires, adolescents.Catteau V., Chabrol Henri. Étude des relations entre les stratégies d'adaptation aux sentiments dépressifs, la symptomatologie dépressive et les idées suicidaires chez l'adolescent. In: L'année psychologique. 2005 vol. 105, n°3. pp. 451-476

Les influences parentales dans les modèles socioculturels des troubles de l image du corps et de l alimentation

TOULOUSE2-BUC Mirail (315552102) / SudocSudocFranceF

The healthy side of positive schizotypy may reflect positive self-report biases

International audienceThe concept of "healthy schizotypy", characterized by positive schizotypy symptoms in the absence of negative or dizorganized schizotypy, raises questions regarding whether the contrast between its healthy appearance and its relatively high level of impairment might be due to self-reported advantages. Using cluster analysis, we aimed at typifying a positive schizotypy group in a large nonclinical sample of young adults to examine its association with depressive symptoms, cannabis use, academic performance, wellbeing and serendipity, while controlling for variables inducing positive self-report biases: self-deceptive denial, wishful thinking, social desirability and narcissistic traits. We thus identified a pure positive schizotypy cluster (P) and a positive and disorganized cluster (PD) which had the highest level of the positive factor. Both clusters were characterized by a contrast between a high level of well-being, life satisfaction and self-reported serendipity (similar to a low schizotypy cluster) with elevated level of impairment markers (lower academic performance, higher depressive symptoms and cannabis use), comparable with clusters high in negative schizotypy. Moreover P and PD had elevated levels of variables susceptible to induce positive self-report biases (denial, wishful thinking, social desirability, narcissistic traits), while the clusters high in negative schizotypy had lower levels. We conclude that the relative high level of well-being and life satisfaction observed in groups with elevated positive and low negative schizotypy may in fact be linked to positive self-report biases