THE DEVELOPMENT OF HISTORICAL OF BOARDING AND PANSION PRIMARY SCHOOL CONSIST IN MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

Bu araştırmada, T.C. Milli Eğitim Bakanhgi\'na bagh Yatih ve Pansiyonlu İlkogretim Okullan\'nın, ortaya çıkmasında ve gelişiminde etkili olan sosyal, ekonomik ve siyasal nedenler incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın çahşma evrenini, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti eğitim tarihi içinde Yatılı ve Pansiyonlu İlkogretim Okullan oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar; Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllannda yatı mektepleri adı ile açilan bu okullann ortaya çıkmasında etkili olan sosyal nedenler; iilke coğrafyası üzerinde yaşayan insanlann %80\'inin köylerde oturması ve bu nüfusun bazı bölgelerde dagimk halde yerleşmesidir. Bu dönemde bu nüfusun okuryazar oramn ç0k dusuk olması mücadele edilmesi gereken önemli bir sorun olmuştur. Bu yerleşkelerde bulunan ilkogretim çağı nüfusunun belli merkezlerde yatih ilkogretim bölge ve pansiyonlu ilkogretim okullan kurularak okutulması uygun görülmustür. Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllannda yatı mektepleri adı ile açilan bu okullann ortaya çikmasında etkili olan ekonomik nedenler; Milli Eğitim Bakanligi\'mn dagimk yerleşkelerde yaşayan ilköğretim ?ağ nüfusunun eğitim ogretim görebilmesi için okul binası, ogretmen ve eğitim araç gereçeri gibi unsurlan her köye götürebilecek ekonomik giice sahip olmamasıdır. Bu nedenle belli merkezlerde yatih ilkogretim bölge ve pansiyonlu ilkogretim okullan kurularak okutulması uygun görülmustür. Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllannda yatı mektepleri adı ile açilan bu okullann ortaya çikmasında etkili olan siyasal nedenler; Cumhuriyet yönetimi ile birlikte eski yönetim anlayısimn değişimi ile birlikte yapılan inkılâplan geniş halk kitlelerine anlatma ve bu değişikliklere uygun vatandaş eğitimi ihtiyacı doğmuştur. Bu nedenle nüfusun çogunluğunun yaşadigi köylere ilkogretimi ulaştırmak amacıyla belli merkezlerde yatih ilkogretim bölge ve pansiyonlu ilkogretim okullannın kurulması uygun görülmustür. Günümüze kadar ilkogretim uygulamasında yapılmak istenen sosyal, ekonomik ve siyasal amaçh turn reformlann geniş halk kitlelerine ulaştırmak i?in belli merkezlerde yatih ilkogretim bölge ve pansiyonlu ilkogretim okullannın kurulması uygun görülmustür.In this study, the formation causes of boarding and pansion primary school which associated with minister of education was analysed in terms of social, economics and political characteristics. The whole words of this study was boarding and pansion primary school on history of trained in Turkey. Results; The social causes; the 80,0% of the population have been lived at village and located dispersedly. The percentage of literacy was low at first year of republic period that was important problem. The child who lived at village was educated in boarding and pansion primary school was found appropriate. The economics causes; Ministry of Education didn\'t have economic potential to provide for constituent such as school building, teachers, training store for every village. For this reason, the boarding and pansion primary school was found appropriate. The political causes; the revolution sould explained to population at first year of republic period. For this reason, the boarding and pansion primary school was found appropriate. The boarding and pansion primary school was found appropriate because all the reforms that in order to social, ecomonics and political was neccesary to explain to people in mass

Efficacy of stem cell-based therapies for colistin-induced nephrotoxicity.

© 2022 Elsevier B.V.The increase in infections with multidrug resistant bacteria has forced to return to the use of colistin, antibiotic with known nephrotoxicity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being extensively investigated for their potential in regenerative medicine. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective mechanisms of the MSCs against kidney injury induced by colistin. Forty adult female albino rats were randomly classified into 4 equal groups; the control group, the MSC-treated group (a single dose of 1 ×106 /ml MSCs through the tail vein), the colistin-treated group (36 mg/kg/day colistin was given for 7 days), and the both colistin and MSC group (36 mg/kg/day colistin and 1 ×106 /ml MSCs). Main outcome measures were histopathological alterations, kidney malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and immunohistological autophagy evaluation. MSC repressed the progression of colistin-induced kidney injury as evidenced by the improvement of histopathological alterations and the substantial increase MDA, and decrease SOD and CAT in serum levels. Moreover, MSC resulted in a profound reduction in oxidative stress as manifested by decreased MDA and increased SOD in serum. Notably, MSC suppressed colistin-induced autophagy; it reduced renal levels of Beclin-1, P62 and LC3A/B. Furthermore, MSC decreased renal levels of eNOS. Lastly, MSC efficiently decreased expression of the TUNEL positive cell number. MSC confers protection against colistin-induced kidney injury by alleviating oxidative stress, nitric oxide synthase besides modulating reducing autophagy and apoptosis

The neuroprotective effect of mesenchymal stem cells in colistin-induced neurotoxicity

Colistin is an effective antibiotic against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections; however, neurotoxic effects are fundamental dose-limiting factors for this treatment. Stem cell therapy is a promising method for treating neuronal diseases. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) represent a promising source for regenerative medicine. Identification of neuroprotective agents that can be co-administered with colistin has the potential to allow the clinical application of this essential drug. This study was conducted to assess the potential protective effects of MSC, against colistin-induced neurotoxicity, and the possible mechanisms underlying any effect. Forty adult female albino rats were randomly classified into four equal groups; the control group, the MSC-treated group (A single dose of 1 x 106/mL MSCs through the tail vein), the colistin-treated group (36 mg/kg/d colistin was given for 7 d) and the colistin and MSC treated group (36 mg/kg/d colistin was administered for 7 d, and 1 x 106/mL MSCs). Colistin administration significantly increased GFAP, NGF, Beclin-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha immunreactivity intensity. MSC administration in colistin-treated rats partially restored each of these markers. Histopathological changes in brain tissues were also alleviated by MSC co-treatment. Our study reveals a critical role of inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis in colistin-induced neurotoxicity and showed that they were markedly ameliorated by MSC co-administration. Therefore, MSC could represent a promising agent for prevention of colistin-induced neurotoxicity