Cenozoic temporal variation of crustal thickness in the Urumieh-Dokhtar and Alborz magmatic belts, Iran

We present regional variations of whole-rock Sr/Y and (La/Yb)N ratios of magmatic rocks along the Cenozoic Urumieh-Dokhtar and Alborz magmatic belts, Iran. Both the magmatic belts are located at the north of the main Zagros Neo-Tethyan suture. The Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt (UDMB), which trends NW-SE for 1000 km across Iran, was characterized by the intensive volcanism and plutonism, and defined the magmatic front (MF) of the Zagros orogenic belt. The Alborz magmatic belt (AMB) is situated to the north, and characterized by less intense magmatic activity. The Alborz magmatic belt was formed behind it in the rear-arc (RA) domain. A striking feature of the both magmatic belts is the transition from normal calc-alkaline arc magmatism during the Eocene–Oligocene to adakite-like calc-alkaline magmatism during the Middle to Late Miocene–Pliocene. The late-Cenozoic magmatism of the UDMB and AMB shows higher Sr/Y and (La/Yb)N. However, it should be noted that crustal thickening event is intensive in the UDMB than AMB during Late Cenozoic. Using the composition of the Lale-Zar zircons from the SE UDMB we determined the oxygen fugacity (fO2) during zircon crystallization to be between FMQ (fayalite–magnetite–quartz buffer) -0.69 to +2.41, whereas those of the Hashroud-Teckmdash-Gormolla zircons from NW AMB range from −1.22 to +5.99. The fO2 estimates suggest relatively more oxidized conditions for the Late Cenozoic igneous rocks of the AMB. Compiled data from the UDMB and AMB intrusions show an increase in average zircon crystallization temperatures with decreasing age. These outcomes have been interpreted in terms of variation of the crustal thickness, from 30 to 35 km during Eocene-Oligocene to 40–55 km during the middle-late Miocene. We propose the increase in crustal thickness is associated with the collision between the Arabian plate and Iran and subsequent convergence during the middle-late Miocene

The alkaline lamprophyres of the Dolomitic Area (Southern Alps, Italy): markers of the Late Triassic change from orogenic-like to anorogenic magmatism

We present the first complete petrological, geochemical and geochronological characterization of the oldest lamprophyric rocks in Italy, which crop out around Predazzo (Dolomitic Area), with the aim of deciphering their relationship with Triassic magmatic events across the whole of the Southern Alps. Their Mg# of between 37 and 70, together with their trace element contents, suggests that fractional crystallization was the main process responsible for their differentiation, together with small-scale mixing, as evidenced by some complex amphibole textures. Moreover, the occurrence of primary carbonate ocelli suggests an intimate association between the alkaline lamprophyric magmas and a carbonatitic melt. 40Ar/39Ar data show that the lamprophyres were emplaced at 219·22 ± 0·73 Ma (2σ; full systematic uncertainties), around 20 Myr after the high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic, short-lived, Ladinian (237–238 Ma) magmatic event of the Dolomitic Area. Their trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic signatures (87Sr/86Sri = 0·7033–0·7040; 143Nd/144Ndi = 0·51260–0·51265) are probably related to a garnet–amphibole-bearing lithosphere interacting with an asthenospheric component, significantly more depleted than the mantle source of the high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic magmas. These features suggest that the Predazzo lamprophyres belong to the same alkaline–carbonatitic magmatic event that intruded the mantle beneath the Southern Alps (e.g. Finero peridotite) between 190 and 225 Ma. In this scenario, the Predazzo lamprophyres cannot be considered as a late-stage pulse of the orogenic-like Ladinian magmatism of the Dolomitic Area, but most probably represent a petrological bridge to the opening of the Alpine Tethys

Treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-TPA) induces neutrophil degranulation in vitro via defined pathways.

AbstractThrombolysis is recommended for reperfusion following acute ischemic stroke (AIS), but its effects on stroke-associated injury remain to be clarified. Here, we investigated the effects of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) on neutrophil pathophysiology in vitro and in a case–control study with AIS patients submitted (n=60) or not (n=30) to thrombolysis. Patients underwent radiological and clinical examination as well as blood sampling at admission and after 1, 7 and 90days. In vitro, 30-min incubation with 0.1–1mg/ml r-tPA induced neutrophil degranulation in different substrate cultures. Pre-incubation with kinase inhibitors and Western blot documented that degranulation was associated with activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways in Teflon dishes and PI3K/Akt in polystyrene. In thrombolysed patients, a peak of neutrophil degranulation products (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-9, MMP-8, neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase), was shown during the first hours from drug administration. This was accompanied by serum augmentation of protective tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2. An increased rate of haemorrhagic transformations on day 1 after AIS was shown in thrombolysed patients as compared to non-thrombolysed controls. In conclusion, r-tPA treatment was associated with in vitro neutrophil degranulation, indicating these cells as potential determinants in early haemorrhagic complications after thrombolysis in AIS patients

Imaging features and ultraearly hematoma growth in intracerebral hemorrhage associated with COVID-19

Purpose: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is an uncommon but deadly event in patients with COVID-19 and its imaging features remain poorly characterized. We aimed to describe the clinical and imaging features of COVID-19-associated ICH. Methods: Multicenter, retrospective, case-control analysis comparing ICH in COVID-19 patients (COV19\u2009+) versus controls without COVID-19 (COV19\u2009-). Clinical presentation, laboratory markers, and severity of COVID-19 disease were recorded. Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) markers (intrahematoma hypodensity, heterogeneous density, blend sign, irregular shape fluid level), ICH location, and hematoma volume (ABC/2 method) were analyzed. The outcome of interest was ultraearly hematoma growth (uHG) (defined as NCCT baseline ICH volume/onset-to-imaging time), whose predictors were explored with multivariable linear regression. Results: A total of 33 COV19\u2009+\u2009patients and 321 COV19\u2009-\u2009controls with ICH were included. Demographic characteristics and vascular risk factors were similar in the two groups. Multifocal ICH and NCCT markers were significantly more common in the COV19\u2009+\u2009population. uHG was significantly higher among COV19\u2009+\u2009patients (median 6.2 mL/h vs 3.1 mL/h, p\u2009=\u20090.027), and this finding remained significant after adjustment for confounding factors (systolic blood pressure, antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy), in linear regression (B(SE)\u2009=\u20090.31 (0.11), p\u2009=\u20090.005). This association remained consistent also after the exclusion of patients under anticoagulant treatment (B(SE)\u2009=\u20090.29 (0.13), p\u2009=\u20090.026). Conclusions: ICH in COV19\u2009+\u2009patients has distinct NCCT imaging features and a higher speed of bleeding. This association is not mediated by antithrombotic therapy and deserves further research to characterize the underlying biological mechanisms

Comprehensive dissection of prevalence rates, sex differences, and blood level-dependencies of clozapine-associated adverse drug reactions

Clozapine is often underused due to concerns about adverse drug reactions (ADRs) but studies into their prevalences are inconclusive. We therefore comprehensively examined prevalences of clozapineassociated ADRs in individuals with schizophrenia and demographic and clinical factors associated with their occurrence. Data from a multi-center study (n=698 participants) were collected. The mean number of ADRs during clozapine treatment was 4.8, with 2.4% of participants reporting no ADRs. The most common ADRs were hypersalivation (74.6%), weight gain (69.3%), and increased sleep necessity (65.9%), all of which were more common in younger participants. Participants with lower BMI prior to treatment were more likely to experience significant weight gain (>10%). Constipation occurred more frequently with higher clozapine blood levels and doses. There were no differences in ADR prevalence rates between participants receiving clozapine monotherapy and polytherapy. These findings emphasize the high prevalence of clozapine-associated ADRs and highlight several demographic and clinical factors contributing to their occurrence. By understanding these factors, clinicians can better anticipate and manage clozapine-associated ADRs, leading to improved treatment outcomes and patient well-being

Intrusion of shoshonitic magmas at shallow crustal depth: T–P path, H2O estimates, and AFC modeling of the Middle Triassic Predazzo Intrusive Complex (Southern Alps, Italy)

The multi-pulse shoshonitic Predazzo intrusive complex represents an ideal igneous laboratory for investigating the chemical and physical conditions of magma emplacement in a crustal context, since numerical models can be constrained by field evidence. It constitutes the most intriguing remnant of the Middle Triassic magmatic systems of the Dolomitic Area (Southern Alps), preserved by the Alpine tectonics. Predazzo Intrusive Complex comprises silica saturated (pyroxenites/gabbros to syenites), silica undersaturated (gabbros to syenites), and silica oversaturated (granites and syenogranites) rock suites. In this paper, we modeled its emplacement and evolution with a multiple thermo-/oxy-barometric, hygrometric, and EC-AFC approach. At odds with what proposed in literature but according to the field evidence, the emplacement of the Predazzo Intrusive Complex occurred at shallow depth (< 6 km). In this context, the different pulses differed slightly in bulk water content, but shared a common thermal regime, with temperatures between 1000 and 1100 A degrees C and similar to 600 A degrees C at low-to-moderate oxidizing conditions (- 0.1 to + 0.7 Delta FMQ). The interaction between the intrusion and the shallow crustal rocks was minimal, with Sr and Nd isotopic compositions indicating an average of 5-6% assimilation of crust. A thermo- and oxy-barometric comparison with the nearby Mt. Monzoni also enabled to speculate about the solidification time of the intrusion, which we infer took place over about 700 ka