DENS INVAGINATUS (DENS IN DENTE): A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH. CASE REPORT

Aim: The purpose of this report was to demonstrate how a multidisciplinary surgical and endodontic approach in this type of tooth anomaly, may improve the prognosis both functionally and aesthetically. Dens invaginatus is a developmental anomaly resulting from infolding of the surface of the tooth crown before calcification has occurred. Many mechanisms have been proposed as a cause of this phenomenon, including local delay in enamel formation, infolding of the enamel organ within the dental pulp and local external influences on the tooth germ, but the aetiology of dens in dente is still not entirely known. The most common teeth interested by this malformation are maxillary lateral incisors, sometimes it occurs bilaterally. Morphologically the malformation is classified in three types: Type I: An enamel-lined minor invagination occurring within the crown not extending beyond the amelocemental junction. Type II: An enamel-lined form that invades the root but remains confined as a blind sac. It may or not communicate with dental pulp. Type III: a form that penetrates through the root perforating at the apical area showing “a second foramen” in the apical or periodontal area. There is no immediate communication with the pulp. The invagination may be completely lined by enamel, but frequently cementum will be found lining the invagination. The invagination commonly communicates with the oral cavity, allowing the entry of irritants and microorganisms either to the pulpal tissue or to an area that is only separated from pulpal tissue by a thin layer of dentin or enamel. This continual admission of irritants and the consequent inflammation usually leads to necrosis of the adjacent pulpal tissue and induces a periodontal or apical abscess. Other reported sequels of undiagnosed and untreated invaginated teeth include cysts, delay eruption and internal resorption. Sometimes Dens in Dente is associated with dental anomalies like taurodontia, microdontia, supernumerary teeth, gemination, and dentinogenesis imperfecta. Description and procedures: A 24- year old male patient came to the Dental Clinic for aesthetic reasons. Intraoral examination disclosed the presence of a maxillary right lateral incisor with unusual morphological features. The crown of the tooth had a peg-shaped appearance. Radiological evaluation showed that a large periapical lesion existed corresponding to the area of the lateral incisor, and irregular root canal borders and an enamel-lined invagination extended through the root. A Type III Dens Invaginatus was diagnosed. The patient was invited to have a maxillary Dental Scan done that showed exactly the wideness of the bone loss. After several irrigations with 5% NaClO, the endodontic treatment was performed: Ca(OH)2 was left in the root canal for one month and then Thermafil Obturators (Dentsply, Maillefer) were used for endodontic closure. After eight months, although the initial improvement , we decided for the surgical removal of the cysts and apicectomy of the tooth. Conclusion: Dens invaginatus has an unpredictable root canals anatomy. For a good clinical outcome we need to associate the surgical approach with the endodontic treatment

Sucrose-specific induction of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Sugars act as signaling molecules, whose signal transduction pathways may lead to the activation or inactivation of gene expression. Whole-genome transcript profiling reveals that the flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways are strongly up-regulated following sucrose (Suc) treatment. Besides mRNA accumulation, Suc affects both flavonoid and anthocyanin contents. We investigated the effects of sugars (Suc, glucose, and fructose) on genes coding for flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic enzymes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The results indicate that the sugar-dependent up-regulation of the anthocyanin synthesis pathway is Suc specific. An altered induction of several anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, consistent with in vivo sugar modulation of mRNA accumulation, is observed in the phosphoglucomutase Arabidopsis mutant accumulating high levels of soluble sugars

Cross-layer H.264 scalable video downstream delivery over WLANs

Thanks to its in-network drop-based adaptation capabilities, H.264 Scalable Video Coding is perceived as an effective approach for delivering video over networks characterized by sudden large bandwidth fluctuations, such as Wireless LANs. Performance may be boosted by the adoption of application-aware/cross-layer schedulers devised to intelligently drop video data units (NALUs), so that i) decoding dependencies are preserved, and ii) the quality perceived by the end users is maximized. In this paper, we provide a theoretical formulation of a QoE utility-optimal cross-layer scheduling problem for H.264 SVC downlink delivery over WLANs. We show that, because of the unique characteristics of the WLAN MAC operation, this problem significantly differs from related approaches proposed for scheduled wireless technologies, especially when the WLAN carries background traffic in the uplink direction. From these theoretical insights, we derive, design, implement and experimentally assess a simple practical scheduling algorithm, whose performance is very close to the optimal solution

Modeling Adaptation with Klaim

In recent years, it has been argued that systems and applications, in order to deal with their increasing complexity, should be able to adapt their behavior according to new requirements or environment conditions. In this paper, we present an investigation aiming at studying how coordination languages and formal methods can contribute to a better understanding, implementation and use of the mechanisms and techniques for adaptation currently proposed in the literature. Our study relies on the formal coordination language Klaim as a common framework for modeling some well-known adaptation techniques: the IBM MAPE-K loop, the Accord component-based framework for architectural adaptation, and the aspect- and context-oriented programming paradigms. We illustrate our approach through a simple example concerning a data repository equipped with an automated cache mechanism

Efectos de la interacción del pastoreo y la inundación sobre Paspalum dilatatum, un pasto nativo de la Pampa Deprimida

Este trabajo pone a prueba la hipótesis de que el pastoreo, a través de su principal efecto, la defoliación, y la inundación inducen respuestas opuestas en el patrón de asignación de recursos en la planta individual. La remoción de tejido foliar generaría una mayor demanda por parte de los tejidos aéreos, mientras que los efectos de la hipoxia causados por la inundación aumentarían la asignación hacia los tejidos subterráneos. Por lo tanto, en el nivel de la planta individual, el efecto combinado de los dos factores sobre el crecimiento sería negativo. En el nivel de la población, se esperaría la existencia de variablilidad genética en la resistencia a la defoliación y que los clones más resistentes a la defoliación sean menos resistentes a la inundación. La hipótesis fue puesta a prueba mediante un experimento factorial con dos niveles de inundación (plantas inundadas vs no inundadas), defoliación (defoliadas vs no defoliadas) y origen (área sujeta a pastoreo continuo vs área clausurada). Se emplearon dos clones de Paspalum dilatatum, una gramínea perenne, de la Pampa Deprimida. Después de 37días de aplicados los tratamientos, los resultados mostraron que la defoliación, actuando en forma aislada o combinada con la inundación, disminuyó la producción de biomasa aproximadamente en un 30% , aunque aumentó la tasa fotosintética y la conductancia estomática. La inundación no afectó a ninguna de estas variables, pero aumentó la porosidad de las raíces. El clon proveniente de un área sujeta al régimen de pastoreo continuo mostró mayores valores de porosidad (36% vs 32 %) que el originario de urca clausura de 10 ajaos. Estos resultados indican que, era el nivel de la planta individual, el crecimiento de P. dilatatum no fue modificado por la inundación actuando en forma aislada o combinada con la defoliación. En el nivel de la población, los clones estudiados no difirieron era su grado de resistencia a la defoliación y la resistencia a la defoliación y mostraron un comportamiento semejante ante la inundación.In this paper we test the hypothesis that, at the individual plant level, flooding and grazing induce opposit allocation responses. Removal of leaf area by grazing would produce a greater demand from the aboveground tissues, whereas the effects of the hypoxia provoked by flooding would increase the amount of resources demanded by belowground tissues. Therefore, at the individual-plant level, the combined effect of the two factors on plant growth would be negative. At the population level, we expect the existence of genetic variability on defoliation resistance and a trade-off between defoliation and flooding resistance. The hypothesis was tested by a factorial experiment with two levels offlooding (flooded vs un,flooded), defoliation (defoliated vs nondefoliated) and origin (permanent grazed area vs grazing exclosure). The experiment was performed with two clones of Paspalum dilatatum, a grass native from the Flooding Pampa grassland (Argentina). 37 days after the treatments were applied, the results showed that defoliation, acting isolated or combined with flooding, decreased biomass production by aproximately 30%, though it increased photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. Flooding affected none of these variables, but increased gas-filled root porosity. The clone from a grazed area had significantly higher root porosity (36% vs 32 %) than the clone from ca 10 year-old grazing exclosure. The results show that at the individual-plant level, the growth of P. dilatatum was not modified by flooding, acting isolated or combined with defoliation and that, at the population level, clones from grazed and ungrazed situations showed similar responses to dlefoliation and flooding

Relativistic diffusion of elementary particles with spin

We obtain a generalization of the relativistic diffusion of Schay and Dudley for particles with spin. The diffusion equation is a classical version of an equation for the Wigner function of an elementary particle. The elementary particle is described by a unitary irreducible representation of the Poincare group realized in the Hilbert space of wave functions in the momentum space. The arbitrariness of the Wigner rotation appears as a gauge freedom of the diffusion equation. The spin is described as a connection of a fiber bundle over the momentum hyperbolic space (the mass-shell). Motion in an electromagnetic field, transport equations and equilibrium states are discussed.Comment: 21 pages,minor changes,the version published in Journ.Phys.

Developing pulmonary rehabilitation for COVID-19: Are we linked with the present literature? a lexical and geographical evaluation study based on the graph theory

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a severe ongoing global emergency. Despite high rates of asymptomatic patients, in many cases, the infection causes a rapid decline in pulmonary function due to an acute respiratory distress-like syndrome, leading to multi-organ failure and death. To date, recommendations about rehabilitation on COVID-19 are based on clinical data derived from other similar lung diseases. Rehabilitation literature lacks a standard taxonomy, limiting a proper evaluation of the most effective treatments for patients after COVID-19 infection. In this study, we assessed the clinical and rehabilitative associations and the geographical area involved in interstitial lung diseases (ILD) and in COVID-19, by a mathematical analysis based on graph theory. We performed a quantitative analysis of the literature in terms of lexical analysis and on how words are connected to each other. Despite a large difference in timeframe (throughout the last 23 years for ILD and in the last 1.5 years for COVID-19), the numbers of papers included in this study were similar. Our results show a clear discrepancy between rehabilitation proposed for COVID-19 and ILD. In ILD, the term “rehabilitation” and other related words such as “exercise” and “program” resulted in lower values of centrality and higher values of eccentricity, meaning relatively less importance of the training during the process of care in rehabilitation of patients with ILD. Conversely, “rehabilitation” was one of the most cited terms in COVID-19 literature, strongly associated with terms such as “exercise”, “physical”, and “program”, entailing a multidimensional approach of the rehabilitation for these patients. This could also be due to the widespread studies conducted on rehabilitation on COVID-19, with Chinese and Italian researchers more involved. The assessment of the terms used for the description of the rehabilitation may help to program shared rehabilitation knowledge and avoid literature misunderstandings

The MSW effect in a fluctuating matter density

We consider the effect on matter-enhanced neutrino flavor transformation of a randomly fluctuating, delta-correlated matter density. The fluctuations will produce a distribution of neutrino survival probabilities. We find the mean and variance of the distribution for the case of solar neutrinos, and discuss the possibility of placing a limit on solar density fluctuations using neutrino data.Comment: 20 LaTeX pages plus 24 Postscript figures; submitted to Phys. Rev. D; also available at http://nucth.physics.wisc.edu/preprints/mad-nt-96-01.tar.g

Resonant origin for density fluctuations deep within the Sun: helioseismology and magneto-gravity waves

We analyze helioseismic waves near the solar equator in the presence of magnetic fields deep within the solar radiative zone. We find that reasonable magnetic fields can significantly alter the shapes of the wave profiles for helioseismic g-modes. They can do so because the existence of density gradients allows g-modes to resonantly excite Alfven waves, causing mode energy to be funnelled along magnetic field lines, away from the solar equatorial plane. The resulting wave forms show comparatively sharp spikes in the density profile at radii where these resonances take place. We estimate how big these waves might be in the Sun, and perform a first search for observable consequences. We find the density excursions at the resonances to be too narrow to be ruled out by present-day analyses of p-wave helioseismic spectra, even if their amplitudes were to be larger than a few percent. (In contrast it has been shown in (Burgess et al. 2002) that such density excursions could affect solar neutrino fluxes in an important way.) Because solar p-waves are not strongly influenced by radiative-zone magnetic fields, standard analyses of helioseismic data should not be significantly altered. The influence of the magnetic field on the g-mode frequency spectrum could be used to probe sufficiently large radiative-zone magnetic fields should solar g-modes ever be definitively observed. Our results would have stronger implications if overstable solar g-modes should prove to have very large amplitudes, as has sometimes been argued.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures; misprints correcte