900 research outputs found
Strong-coupling theory of superconductivity in a degenerate Hubbard model
In order to discuss superconductivity in orbital degenerate systems, a
microscopic Hamiltonian is introduced. Based on the degenerate model, a
strong-coupling theory of superconductivity is developed within the fluctuation
exchange (FLEX) approximation where spin and orbital fluctuations, spectra of
electron, and superconducting gap function are self-consistently determined.
Applying the FLEX approximation to the orbital degenerate model, it is shown
that the -wave superconducting phase is induced by increasing the
orbital splitting energy which leads to the development and suppression of the
spin and orbital fluctuations, respectively. It is proposed that the orbital
splitting energy is a controlling parameter changing from the paramagnetic to
the antiferromagnetic phase with the -wave superconducting phase
in between.Comment: 4 figures, submitted to PR
Metal-insulator transition in PrRuP and SmRuP investigated by optical spectroscopy
Electronic structures of the filled-skutterudite compounds PrRuP
and SmRuP, which undergo a metal-insulator transition (MIT) at
= 60 K and 16 K, respectively, have been studied by means of
optical spectroscopy. Their optical conductivity spectra develop an energy gap
of 10 meV below . The observed characteristics of the energy
gap are qualitatively different from those of the Kondo semiconductors. In
addition, optical phonon peaks in the spectra show anomalies upon the MIT,
including broadening and shifts at and an appearance of new peaks
below . These results are discussed in terms of density waves or
orbital ordering previously predicted for these compounds.Comment: 4pages, 4figures, submitted to Physical Review
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Translation of Anticancer Efficacy From Nonclinical Models to the Clinic
Mouse cancer models have provided critical insights into tumor biology; however, clinical translation of these findings has been challenging. This perspective posits that factors impacting on successful translation start with limitations in capturing human cancer pathophysiology and end with challenges in generating robust translatable preclinical end points. A comprehensive approach that considers clinically relevant mouse models with both an integrated biomarker strategy and a complementary modeling and simulation effort will strengthen the current oncology drug development paradigm
Effective Crystalline Electric Field Potential in a j-j Coupling Scheme
We propose an effective model on the basis of a - coupling scheme to
describe local -electron states for realistic values of Coulomb interaction
and spin-orbit coupling , for future development of microscopic
theory of magnetism and superconductivity in -electron systems, where
is the number of local electrons. The effective model is systematically
constructed by including the effect of a crystalline electric field (CEF)
potential in the perturbation expansion in terms of . In this paper,
we collect all the terms up to the first order of . Solving the
effective model, we show the results of the CEF states for each case of
=25 with symmetry in comparison with those of the Stevens
Hamiltonian for the weak CEF. In particular, we carefully discuss the CEF
energy levels in an intermediate coupling region with in the order
of 0.1 corresponding to actual -electron materials between the and
- coupling schemes. Note that the relevant energy scale of is the
Hund's rule interaction. It is found that the CEF energy levels in the
intermediate coupling region can be quantitatively reproduced by our modified
- coupling scheme, when we correctly take into account the corrections in
the order of in addition to the CEF terms and Coulomb interactions
which remain in the limit of =. As an application of the
modified - coupling scheme, we discuss the CEF energy levels of filled
skutterudites with symmetry.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures. Typeset with jpsj2.cl
Microscopic Approach to Magnetism and Superconductivity of -Electron Systems with Filled Skutterudite Structure
In order to gain a deep insight into -electron properties of filled
skutterudite compounds from a microscopic viewpoint, we investigate the
multiorbital Anderson model including Coulomb interactions, spin-orbit
coupling, and crystalline electric field effect. For each case of
=113, where is the number of electrons per rare-earth ion, the
model is analyzed by using the numerical renormalization group (NRG) method to
evaluate magnetic susceptibility and entropy of electron. In order to make
further step to construct a simplified model which can be treated even in a
periodic system, we also analyze the Anderson model constructed based on the
- coupling scheme by using the NRG method. Then, we construct an orbital
degenerate Hubbard model based on the - coupling scheme to investigate
the mechanism of superconductivity of filled skutterudites. In the 2-site
model, we carefully evaluate the superconducting pair susceptibility for the
case of =2 and find that the susceptibility for off-site Cooper pair is
clearly enhanced only in a transition region in which the singlet and triplet
ground states are interchanged.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures, Typeset with jpsj2.cl
Double-Exchange Ferromagnetism and Orbital-Fluctuation-Induced Superconductivity in Cubic Uranium Compounds
A double-exchange mechanism for the emergence of ferromagnetism in cubic
uranium compounds is proposed on the basis of a - coupling scheme. The
idea is {\it orbital-dependent duality} of electrons concerning itinerant
and localized states in the cubic structure. Since
orbital degree of freedom is still active in the ferromagnetic phase,
orbital-related quantum critical phenomenon is expected to appear. In fact,
odd-parity p-wave pairing compatible with ferromagnetism is found in the
vicinity of an orbital ordered phase. Furthermore, even-parity d-wave pairing
with significant odd-frequency components is obtained. A possibility to observe
such exotic superconductivity in manganites is also discussed briefly.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. To appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jp
Self-consistent renormalization theory of spin fluctuations in paramagnetic spinel LiV2O4
A phenomenological description for the dynamical spin susceptibility
observed in inelastic neutron scattering measurements
on powder samples of LiVO is developed in terms of the parametrized
self-consistent renormalization (SCR) theory of spin fluctuations. Compatible
with previous studies at , a peculiar distribution in -space
of strongly enhanced and slow spin fluctuations at 0.6
in LiVO is involved to derive the mode-mode coupling term
entering the basic equation of the SCR theory. The equation is solved
self-consistently with the parameter values found from a fit of theoretical
results to experimental data. For low temperatures, K, where the
SCR theory is more reliable, the observed temperature variations of the static
spin susceptibility and the relaxation rate at
are well reproduced by those suggested by the theory. For K, the present SCR is capable in predicting only main trends in
-dependences of and .
The discussion is focused on a marked evolution (from at towards low values at higher temperatures) of the dominant low-
integrated neutron scattering intensity .Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure. accepted to PR
Weak-Coupling Theory for Multiband Superconductivity Induced by Jahn-Teller Phonons
Emergence of superconductivity in a two-band system coupled with breathing
and Jahn-Teller phonons is discussed in a weak-coupling limit. With the use of
a standard quantum mechanical procedure, the phonon-mediated attraction is
derived. From the analysis of the model including such attraction, a BCS-like
formula for a superconducting transition temperature is obtained.
When only the breathing phonon is considered, is the same as that
of the one-band model. On the other hand, when Jahn-Teller phonons are active,
is significantly enhanced by the interband attraction even within
the weak-coupling limit. Relevance of the present result to actual materials
such as iron pnictides is briefly commented.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures
Orbital-Controlled Superconductivity in f-Electron Systems
We propose a concept of superconductivity controlled by orbital degree of
freedom taking CeMIn5 (M= Co, Rh, and Ir) as typical examples. A microscopic
multiorbital model for CeMIn5 is analyzed by fluctuation exchange
approximation. Even though the Fermi-surface structure is unchanged, the ground
state is found to change significantly among paramagnetic, antiferromagnetic,
and d-wave superconducting phases, depending on the dominant orbital component
in the band near the Fermi energy. We show that our picture naturally explains
the different low-temperature properties of CeMIn5 by carefully analyzing the
crystalline electric field states.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Spin Fluctuation-Induced Superconductivity in Organic Compounds
Spin fluctuation-induced superconductivity in two-dimensional organic
compounds such as \kappa-(ET)_2-X is investigated by using a simplified dimer
Hubbard model with right-angled isosceles triangular lattice (transfer matrices
-\tau, -\tau^\prime). The dynamical susceptiblity and the self-energy are
calculated self-consistently within the fluctuation exchange approximation and
the value for T_c as obtained by solving the linearized Eliashberg-type
equations is in good agreement with experiment. The pairing symmetry is of
d_{x^2-y^2} type. The calculated (U/\tau)-dependence of T_c compares
qualitatively well with the observed pressure dependence of T_c. Varying the
value for \tau^\prime/\tau from 0 to 1 we interpolate between the square
lattice and the regular triangular lattice and find firstly that values of T_c
for \kappa-(ET)_2-X and cuprates scale well and secondly that T_c tends to
decrease with increasing \tau^\prime/\tau and no superconductivity is found for
\tau^\prime/\tau=1, the regular triangular lattice.Comment: 4 pages, 6 eps figures, uses jpsj.st
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