Lawyers\u27 Obligations to the Courts

This paper will concern itself largely with the duty of lawyers to the courts. It is written from the viewpoint of a country lawyer suddenly catapulted from almost thirty years of practice to his state\u27s court of last resort via eight months on the trial bench. These vantage points have afforded an opportunity to observe the lawyer\u27s duty to the courts in various perspectives. With due respect to the learned scholars who have written on the subject, this small contribution is launched

The Ecology of A Pasture in The Dakota Sandstone Formation in Ellsworth County, Kansas

The vast area of prairie of the United States has long been known as the feeding grounds for herbivorous animals. In the past, the standard of living of the people of grassland regions has been measured largely by the ability of the native ranges to produce ·vegetation sufficient to maintain economical livestock production. It has become apparent that if our desired living standard is to be maintained, we must direct our efforts toward a program by the most rapid and efficient means possible, which will bring economic stability to the seventeen million acres of grassland in the Great Plains region. Need for improving and conserving the grasslands, the nation I s meat basket, has brought forth much information on pasture management; yet more practical data are in great demand. Maximum livestock gains can be secured only if the pastures are maintained at high economical production. \u27 his can not be accomplished without a knowledge of the problems at hand, and, as far as is possible, their solution. Forage production in the Great Plains varies greatly with topography·, climatic factors , and soil types . Soil types appear to have a decided bearing upon the value of vegetation produced. If the problems of production, maintenance, utilization, etc., on different soil types are to be solved, research on comparable locations must be undertaken. Many pastures have become infested with annual grasses which have caused the operators to become concerned. It is possible, however, that many of the owners have not learned the true value nor the control of 2 these invaders . These problems have brought to light the need for study of pastures in the Dakota Sandstone formations. This thesis is a report of the study of basal cover, composition, yields, consumption, and chemical composition of the vegetation on an average pasture in the Dakota sandstone formation of central Kansas. It is the hope of the author that this information will prove beneficial both to t he land owners and the conservationist

Neuregulin-1 attenuates experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) pathogenesis by regulating ErbB4/AKT/STAT3 signaling.

BACKGROUND:Human cerebral malaria (HCM) is a severe form of malaria characterized by sequestration of infected erythrocytes (IRBCs) in brain microvessels, increased levels of circulating free heme and pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, brain swelling, vascular dysfunction, coma, and increased mortality. Neuregulin-1β (NRG-1) encoded by the gene NRG1, is a member of a family of polypeptide growth factors required for normal development of the nervous system and the heart. Utilizing an experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) model (Plasmodium berghei ANKA in C57BL/6), we reported that NRG-1 played a cytoprotective role in ECM and that circulating levels were inversely correlated with ECM severity. Intravenous infusion of NRG-1 reduced ECM mortality in mice by promoting a robust anti-inflammatory response coupled with reduction in accumulation of IRBCs in microvessels and reduced tissue damage. METHODS:In the current study, we examined how NRG-1 treatment attenuates pathogenesis and mortality associated with ECM. We examined whether NRG-1 protects against CXCL10- and heme-induced apoptosis using human brain microvascular endothelial (hCMEC/D3) cells and M059K neuroglial cells. hCMEC/D3 cells grown in a monolayer and a co-culture system with 30 μM heme and NRG-1 (100 ng/ml) were used to examine the role of NRG-1 on blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Using the in vivo ECM model, we examined whether the reduction of mortality was associated with the activation of ErbB4 and AKT and inactivation of STAT3 signaling pathways. For data analysis, unpaired t test or one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's or Bonferroni's post test was applied. RESULTS:We determined that NRG-1 protects against cell death/apoptosis of human brain microvascular endothelial cells and neroglial cells, the two major components of BBB. NRG-1 treatment improved heme-induced disruption of the in vitro BBB model consisting of hCMEC/D3 and human M059K cells. In the ECM murine model, NRG-1 treatment stimulated ErbB4 phosphorylation (pErbB4) followed by activation of AKT and inactivation of STAT3, which attenuated ECM mortality. CONCLUSIONS:Our results indicate a potential pathway by which NRG-1 treatment maintains BBB integrity in vitro, attenuates ECM-induced tissue injury, and reduces mortality. Furthermore, we postulate that augmenting NRG-1 during ECM therapy may be an effective adjunctive therapy to reduce CNS tissue injury and potentially increase the effectiveness of current anti-malaria therapy against human cerebral malaria (HCM)

Neuregulin-1 attenuates mortality associated with experimental cerebral malaria.

BackgroundCerebral Malaria (CM) is a diffuse encephalopathy caused by Plasmodium falciparum infection. Despite availability of antimalarial drugs, CM-associated mortality remains high at approximately 30% and a subset of survivors develop neurological and cognitive disabilities. While antimalarials are effective at clearing Plasmodium parasites they do little to protect against CM pathophysiology and parasite-induced brain inflammation that leads to seizures, coma and long-term neurological sequelae in CM patients. Thus, there is urgent need to explore therapeutics that can reduce or prevent CM pathogenesis and associated brain inflammation to improve survival. Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) is a neurotrophic growth factor shown to protect against brain injury associated with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and neurotoxin exposure. However, this drug has not been tested against CM-associated brain injury. Since CM-associated brain injuries and AIS share similar pathophysiological features, we hypothesized that NRG-1 will reduce or prevent neuroinflammation and brain damage as well as improve survival in mice with late-stage experimental cerebral malaria (ECM).MethodsWe tested the effects of NRG-1 on ECM-associated brain inflammation and mortality in P. berghei ANKA (PbA)-infected mice and compared to artemether (ARM) treatment; an antimalarial currently used in various combination therapies against malaria.ResultsTreatment with ARM (25 mg/kg/day) effectively cleared parasites and reduced mortality in PbA-infected mice by 82%. Remarkably, NRG-1 therapy (1.25 ng/kg/day) significantly improved survival against ECM by 73% despite increase in parasite burden within NRG-1-treated mice. Additionally, NRG-1 therapy reduced systemic and brain pro-inflammatory factors TNFalpha, IL-6, IL-1alpha and CXCL10 and enhanced anti-inflammatory factors, IL-5 and IL-13 while decreasing leukocyte accumulation in brain microvessels.ConclusionsThis study suggests that NRG-1 attenuates ECM-associated brain inflammation and injuries and may represent a novel supportive therapy for the management of CM

Circular No. 39 - A Day at the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station

From the days when Indian chieftains with their hostile bands roamed the sagebrush areas of Utah down to the present, nature\u27s forces have been subdued by many a daring and successful conquest thru the intelligence and unyielding perseverance of Utah\u27s pioneers. Since its establishment, the energies of the Agricultural Experiment Station have been directed toward a continuance of this conquest

Structure of protease-cleaved escherichia coliα-2-macroglobulin reveals a putative mechanism of conformational activation for protease entrapment

Bacterial -2-macroglobulins have been suggested to function in defence as broad-spectrum inhibitors of host proteases that breach the outer membrane. Here, the X-ray structure of protease-cleaved Escherichia coli -2-macroglobulin is described, which reveals a putative mechanism of activation and conformational change essential for protease inhibition. In this competitive mechanism, protease cleavage of the bait-region domain results in the untethering of an intrinsically disordered region of this domain which disrupts native interdomain interactions that maintain E. coli -2-macroglobulin in the inactivated form. The resulting global conformational change results in entrapment of the protease and activation of the thioester bond that covalently links to the attacking protease. Owing to the similarity in structure and domain architecture of Escherichia coli -2-macroglobulin and human -2-macro­globulin, this protease-activation mechanism is likely to operate across the diverse members of this group

Reducing Electrical Power Demand for Industries

A typical industry has an electric power demand that is in excess of its needs. This condition places an unnecessary burden upon the industry and contributes to the current energy crisis. Reduction of demand may be accomplished by a number of methods of control that are examined and evaluated. Standard techniques of engineering analyses and engineering economy have been used to study and analyze an industry selected as an example

Physical growth from birth to two years: 1. Stature. By Howard V. Meredith. University of Iowa Studies, Studies in Child Welfare. Volume XIX, Number 407. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City, 1943, viii + 255 pp. and appendix containing 23 tables

No Abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/37449/1/1330030218_ftp.pd

Heredity as a factor in cranial and facial development

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/32592/1/0000723.pd