I\u27m Leaving

Prose by Delania Byerley

The Genetic and Environmental Etiology of Schizophrenia in Palau

Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder that has been affecting people throughout the world. There is an established worldwide 1% average prevalence of schizophrenia; however there are high degrees of variability between different regions. Palau, an oceanic nation located in Micronesia, has an abnormally high prevalence rate of schizophrenia at 1.99%. When separated by gender, women have abnormal prevalence rate of 1.24%, while the men have a high prevalence rate of 2.77%, which is over twice the average worldwide. There has been a plethora of research conducted over the years to determine the genetic and environmental etiology of schizophrenia in Palau. Palau’s somewhat isolated and small population offer the advantage of a valuable insular population for the study of genetic etiology of schizophrenia because there may be fewer susceptibility genes for schizophrenia than in heterogeneous populations throughout the world. Recent studies have highlighted that schizophrenia in Palau is a complex genetic disease, yet is also greatly influenced by certain environmental factors. As part of the research, blood and tissue samples from 160 schizophrenic Palauan patients were sampled. In addition, 400 relatives of the patients were reviewed and shown as unaffected by the disease; although there were first and second-degree relatives who were affected. The patients were also interviewed frequently about relevant matters, such as their diet and daily activities. By examining these studies, I was able to determine that many environmental factors may be involved with the disease, such as exposure to viruses, heavy marijuana use, malnutrition before birth, and other not yet known psychosocial factors. Because of Palau’s intricately, interconnected families and small population and isolation, it has a high prevalence rate of schizophrenia

Factors which influence the Four-H membership status of the ninth and tenth grade girls in Bradley County, Tennessee

This study was concerned with the problem of decreasing enrollment among Senior 4-H Youth in Bradley County, Tennessee. Data were collected from ninth grade home economics classes at Bradley Central High School and Bradley Senior 4-H Club members. A total of 208 interview schedules was judged to be accurate and relevant and all 208 were used in the analysis. For purpose of analysis, data from 208 girls were classified into two groups according to the 4-H membership status of the interviewees; (1) girls who were 4-H Club members at the time of the interview (4-H members); and (2) girls who had been but were not 4-H in 1970 (dropouts). The purpose was to determine the relation between the 4-H membership status of these girls and selected factors concerning personal and family characteristics, interests, and participation in youth organizations and 4-H activities and events. Forty-two independent variables were identified and used as a basis for comparing 4-H members and dropouts. Contingency tables were used to show the relation between the dropouts and independent variables» Chi square statistical analysis was made to show the significance level of relations identified. Chi square values which at least achieved the .05 level were accepted as statistically significant. Computations were done by The University of Tennessee Computing Center. Major findings of the study which were significantly related to membership status were: 1, Grade in school—a larger proportion of the dropouts than the 4-H members were in the ninth grade, 4-H members tended to be in the tenth grade. 2. Grade in school when first joined 4-H—girls who were 4-H members joined when in a lower grade than did the dropouts. 3. Number of years of membership—girls who were 4-H members had been members longer than the dropouts. The longer a girl had been in 4-H, the more likely she would be to remain in 4-H for another year. 4. Plans for college attendance—girls who were 4-H members had more definite plans to attend college than did the dropouts. 5. Regular church attendance—girls who were 4-H members also attended church regularly. 6. Mothers\u27 education level—mothers of girls who were 4-H members tended to have more formal education (i.e. high school or better) than the mothers of dropouts. 7. Mothers\u27 membership in clubs or organizations—girls who were members mothers were members of one or more clubs or organizations. When mothers were not members of any club or organization there was a greater tendency for the girls not to be members of 4-H. 8. Fathers\u27.attitude toward daughters joining 4-H the first time—girls who remained in 4-H felt their fathers had a more positive attitude (i.e. were very pleased) toward 4-H membership than the fathers of dropouts. 9. Mothers attitude toward daughters joining 4-H the first time—girls who remained in 4-H perceived their mothers had a more positive attitude toward 4-H membership (i.e. were very pleased) than did the dropouts\u27 mothers. 10. Fathers\u27 attitude toward 4-H—girls who remained members felt their fathers were more interested in 4-H than the dropouts\u27 fathers. Girls who remained in 4-H felt their fathers wanted them to devote more time to 4-H. 11. Free time—girls who were 4-H members felt they had more free time than the dropouts. 12. Membership in school organizations—girls who were 4-H members belonged to more school organizations than the drop outs. 13. Membership in out-of-school organizations—girls who were 4-H members belonged to a larger number of school organizations than the dropouts. 14. Membership in all organizations—girls who were 4-H members belonged to a larger number of organizations (i.e. in and out-of-school) than the dropouts. 15. Participation in school athletics—girls who were 4-H members were more active in school athletics than the dropouts. 16. Feelings about why others dropout—girls who were 4-H members felt that other girls dropped out of 4-H because it required too much time and responsibility

Social characteristics of out-migrants, non-migrants and in-migrants in a high in-migration county, Hamblen County, Tennessee

This study investigated social characteristics by migration pattern for two populations of individuals in Hamblen County, Tennessee—young adults reared in Hamblen County and household heads presently residing in Hamblen County. In the study of 868 young adults reared in Hamblen County it was found that non-migrants and out-migrants differed significantly in several characteristics. Out-migrants had a higher level of education than nonmigrants, more home items, better educated parents, higher age, more mobile fathers, and differed in occupation of fathers. No significant differences were found in the two groups in the place where father was reared, number of siblings, and number of home items owned by parents. Comparisons were also made for non-migrants and migrants residing in each of three different areas. Differences were greater for migrants who left the region than return-migrants, migrants residing in adjacent counties, or non-migrants. Persons in the latter three categories differed in few characteristics. Regression analysis was also made on the number of migrations and nine social characteristics. In the study of 575 male household heads residing in the county, in-migrants were found to have significantly more home items than nonmigrants, a higher income, to differ in occupation, and to have more children than non-migrants. The differences in age and education were not significant for the two groups. Differences were more pronounced for those migrating from outside the region, while those moving in from adjacent counties were similar in social characteristics to non-migrants. The findings of this study were compared with those of other selected migration studies. Education was found to be a discriminating variable in many of the studies

Reactions of Halogenated Nitroparaffins

The objective of this research was to investigate some typical reactions of the halogenated nitroparaffins. One problem was that of obtaining the three halogenated 2-nitroparaffins, 2-chloro-, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-2-nitropropane. 2-Chloro-2-nitropropane was commercially available; the others were prepared in the laboratory. A second problem was determining the relative ease of replacement of the halogen, either by a different halogen, or some other chemical group. The third problem was the suggestion of a mechanism to e)q)lain the reactions which were observed in the first two problems

Identifying the Readability of the First Grade Books in the Vale School Library using the Computerized Spache Formula

Books were identified with first grade readability in the Vale Elementary School library, Cashmere, Washington, utilizing the computerized Spache formula. Listing of supplementary books and ways the supplementary books could be used in the classroom were also studied. Forty-one books with first grade readability were found in the 8,000 voiume collection. ·Three bibliographies were included: (a) Vale books with first grade readabili_ty, (b) publishers with first grade supplementary materials, and (c) a list of book selection aids. The writer concludes that trade books with first grade readability were difficult to identify

From violence to reconstruction: the making, disintegration and remaking of an apartheid city.

Also published in Antipode, volume 26, issue 4, p. 323-350, October 199

Ambiguity as a Source of Meanings in some Contemporary Abstract Paintings

This thesis deals with the interpretation of some contemporary abstract paintings through the use of the concept of ambiguity. No attempt is made to separate the abstract painting of the present from the painting of the past, but rather it is shown how both can be approached through examination of the ambiguous levels of meanings within them. The dense ambiguous levels of meanings in the contemporary abstract painting areas contrasted with the more limited quantity of ambiguity in paintings which contain a more descriptive use of objects. Some meanings are traced through the ambiguous levels in both kinds of painting (i.e., abstract and objective-descriptive). The discussions are not only a guide to the paintings used as illustrations but are also a starting point for further associations with other abstract paintings of the present. The discoveries of Cubism and Impressionism are the intuitive disciplines for the contemporary abstract painter. Their concepts of planar structure and light structure are basic to contemporary abstract painting. A less stable or less plastic place in the conventional sense of Cubism exists in contemporary abstract painting. The examples display these results of a very dense ambiguity that is dominated by the intangible properties of light. It is shown how the breadth of the emotional experiences of light in these paintings lend to them a feeling of unlimited space. The ambiguities within contemporary abstract paintings show the conflicts within contemporary man and of course within the contemporary painter. Ambiguity in painting adjusts the unlimited forces of the human psyche to a form which is unlimited in its expressive potential.</h4

Unsteady flow structure: dual array of spherical and cylindrical dimples

Выполнена экспериментальная программа в Военно-воздушной академии США, направленная на изучение нестационарной структуры потока перед, внутри и за двойным рядом “мелких” (h/D = 0,1) сферических и цилиндрических углублений на плоской поверхности. Сравнение показало, что первый ряд углублений “подавляет” флуктуации второго ряда.Виконано експериментальну програму у Військово-повітряній академії США, скеровану на вивчення нестаціонарної структури потоку попереду, всередині та за подвійним рядом дрібних (h/D = 0,1) сферичних та циліндричних заглиблень на плоскій поверхні. Порівняння показало, що перший ряд заглиблень “пригнічує” флуктуації другого ряду.The experimental program was performed in the U.S. Air Force Academy to obtain details of the unsteady flow structure in front, within and downstream of a dual array of shallow (h/D = 0.1) spherical and cylindrical dimples on a flat plate. Comparisons have shown that the first row “suppresses” fluctuations of the second row