Automorphisms of the bipartite graph planar algebra

For any abstract subfactor planar algebra $P$, there exists a finite index extremal subfactor $M_0 \subset M_1$ with $P$ as its standard invariant. In this paper, we classify the automorphism group of a bipartite graph planar algebra, and obtain subfactor planar subalgebras by taking fixed points under groups of automorphisms. This construction provides both new examples of subfactors and new descriptions of the planar algebras of previously known examples.Comment: 22 pp

Line-of-Sight Reddening Predictions: Zero Points, Accuracies, the Interstellar Medium, and the Stellar Populations of Elliptical Galaxies

Revised (B-V)_0-Mg_2 data for 402 elliptical galaxies are given to test reddening predictions which can also tell us both what the intrinsic errors are in this relationship among gE galaxy stellar populations, as well as details of nearby structure in the interstellar medium (ISM) of our Galaxy and of the intrinsic errors in reddening predictions. Using least-squares fits, the explicit 1-sigma errors in the Burstein-Heiles (BH) and the Schlegel et al. (IR) predicted reddenings are calculated, as well as the 1-sigma observational error in the (B-V)_0-Mg_2 for gE galaxies. It is found that, in directions with E(B-V)<0.100 mag (where most of these galaxies lie), 1-sigma errors in the IR reddening predictions are 0.006 to 0.009 in E(B-V) mag, those for BH reddening prediction are 0.011 mag, and the 1-sigma agreement between the two reddening predictions is 0.007 mag. IR predictions have an accuracy of 0.010-0.011 mag in directions with E(B-V)>= 0.100 mag, significantly better than those of the BH predictions (0.024-0.025). Gas-to-dust variations that vary by a factor of 3, both high and low, exist along many lines-of-sight in our Galaxy. The approx 0.02 higher reddening zero point in E(B-V) previously determined by Schlegel et al. is confirmed, primarily at the Galactic poles. Despite this, both methods also predict many directions with E(B-V)<0.015 mag. Independent evidence of reddening at the North Galactic pole is reviewed, with the conclusion that there still exists directions at the NGP that have E(B-V)<<0.01. Two lines of evidence suggest that IR reddenings are overpredicted in directions with high gas-to-dust ratios. As high gas-to-dust directions in the ISM also include the Galactic poles, this overprediction is the likely cause of the E(B-V) = 0.02 mag larger IR reddening zero point.Comment: 5 figure

A study of high frequency nonlinear combustion instability in baffled annular liquid propellant rocket motors

Computer program contains mathematical model which provides relationship between engine gas dynamics and combustion processes. Mathematically simulated explosions initiate gas disturbances. Design methods for damping disturbances can be studied to prevent future engine shutdown or destruction

Communication interventions to promote the public's awareness of antibiotics: a systematic review.

BackgroundInappropriate antibiotic use is implicated in antibiotic resistance and resultant morbidity and mortality. Overuse is particularly prevalent for outpatient respiratory infections, and perceived patient expectations likely contribute. Thus, various educational programs have been implemented to educate the public.MethodsWe systematically identified public-directed interventions to promote antibiotic awareness in the United States. PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus were queried for articles published from January 1996 through January 2016. Two investigators independently assessed titles and abstracts of retrieved articles for subsequent full-text review. References of selected articles and three review articles were likewise screened for inclusion. Identified educational interventions were coded for target audience, content, distribution site, communication method, and major outcomes.ResultsOur search yielded 1,106 articles; 34 met inclusion criteria. Due to overlap in interventions studied, 29 distinct educational interventions were identified. Messages were primarily delivered in outpatient clinics (N = 24, 83%) and community sites (N = 12, 41%). The majority included clinician education. Antibiotic prescription rates were assessed for 22 interventions (76%). Patient knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (KAB) were assessed for 10 interventions (34%). Similar rates of success between antibiotic prescription rates and patient KAB were reported (73 and 70%, respectively). Patient interventions that did not include clinician education were successful to increase KAB but were not shown to decrease antibiotic prescribing. Three interventions targeted reductions in Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance; none were successful.ConclusionsMessaging programs varied in their designs, and many were multifaceted in their approach. These interventions can change patient perspectives regarding antibiotic use, though it is unclear if clinician education is also necessary to reduce antibiotic prescribing. Further investigations are needed to determine the relative influence of interventions focusing on patients and physicians and to determine whether these changes can influence rates of antibiotic resistance long-term

A Statistical Treatment of the Gamma-Ray Burst "No Host Galaxy" Problem: II. Energies of Standard Candle Bursts

With the discovery that the afterglows after some bursts are coincident with faint galaxies, the search for host galaxies is no longer a test of whether bursts are cosmological, but rather a test of particular cosmological models. The methodology we developed to investigate the original "no host galaxy" problem is equally valid for testing different cosmological models, and is applicable to the galaxies coincident with optical transients. We apply this methodology to a family of models where we vary the total energy of standard candle bursts. We find that total isotropic energies of E<2e52~erg are ruled out while log(E)~53 erg is favored.Comment: To appear in Ap.J., 514, 15 pages + 7 figures, AASTeX 4.0. Revisions are: additional author, updated data, and minor textual change

Hot Populations in M87 Globular Clusters

We have obtained HST/STIS far- and near-UV photometry of globular clusters in four fields in the gE galaxy M87. To a limit of m(FUV) = 25 we detect a total of 66 globular clusters (GCs) in common with the deep HST optical-band study of Kundu et al. (1999). Despite strong overlap in V- and I-band properties, the M87 GCs have UV/optical properties that are distinct from clusters in the Milky Way and in M31. M87 clusters, especially metal-poor ones, produce larger hot HB populations than do Milky Way analogues. Cluster mass is probably not a factor in these distinctions. The most metal-rich M87 GCs in our sample are near Z_sun and overlap the local E galaxy sample in estimated Mg_2 line indices. Nonetheless, the clusters produce much more UV light at a given Mg_2, being up to 1 mag bluer than any gE galaxy in (FUV-V) color. The M87 GCs do not appear to represent a transition between Milky Way-type clusters and E galaxies. The differences are in the correct sense if the clusters are significantly older than the E galaxies. Comparisons with Galactic open clusters indicate that the hot stars lie on the extreme horizontal branch, rather than being blue stragglers, and that the EHB becomes well populated for ages > 5 Gyr. We find that 43 of our UV detections have no optical-band counterparts. Most appear to be UV-bright background galaxies, seen through M87. Eleven NUV variable sources detected at only one epoch in the central field are probably classical novae. [Abridged]Comment: 70 pages, 25 figures (including 4 jpgs), 7 tables. To appear in AJ. Full resolution version available at http://www.astro.virginia.edu/~rwo/m87/m87-hotpops.pd

A catalogue of galaxies behind the southern Milky Way. - II. The Crux and Great Attractor regions (l = 289deg - 338deg)

In this second paper of the catalogue series of galaxies behind the southern Milky Way, we report on the deep optical galaxy search in the Crux region (289deg <= l <= 318deg and -10deg <= b <= 10deg) and the Great Attractor region (316deg <= l <= 338deg and -10deg <= b <= 10deg). The galaxy catalogues are presented, a brief description of the galaxy search given, as well as a discussion on the distribution and characteristics of the uncovered galaxies. A total of 8182 galaxies with major diameters D >= 0.2 arcmin were identified in this ~850 square degree area: 3759 galaxies in the Crux region and 4423 galaxies in the Great Attractor region. Of the 8182 galaxies, 229 (2.8%) were catalogued before in the optical (3 in radio) and 251 galaxies have a reliable (159), or likely (92) cross-identification in the IRAS Point Source Catalogue (3.1%). A number of prominent overdensities and filaments of galaxies are identified. They are not correlated with the Galactic foreground extinction and hence indicative of extragalactic large-scale structures. Redshifts obtained at the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) for 518 of the newly catalogued galaxies in the Crux and Great Attractor regions (Fairall et al. 1998; Woudt et al. 1999) confirm distinct voids and clusters in the area here surveyed. With this optical galaxy search, we have reduced the width of the optical `Zone of Avoidance' for galaxies with extinction-corrected diameters larger than 1.3 arcmin from extinction levels A_B >= 1.0 mag to A_B >= 3.0 mag: the remaining optical Zone of Avoidance is now limited by |b| <= 3deg (see Fig. 16).Comment: 19 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in A&A. Tables will shortly be available in electronic version at the CDS. Full resolution (colour) copies of Figures 1, 2, 3 and 16 are available at http://mensa.ast.uct.ac.za/~pwoud

Color--Luminosity Relations for the Resolved Hot Stellar Populations in the Centers of M 31 and M 32

We present Faint Object Camera (FOC) ultraviolet images of the central 14x14'' of Messier 31 and Messier 32. The hot stellar population detected in the composite UV spectra of these nearby galaxies is partially resolved into individual stars, and their individual colors and apparent magnitudes are measured. We detect 433 stars in M 31 and 138 stars in M 32, down to detection limits of m_F275W = 25.5 mag and m_F175W = 24.5 mag. We investigate the luminosity functions of the sources, their spatial distribution, their color-magnitude diagrams, and their total integrated far-UV flux. Although M 32 has a weaker UV upturn than M 31, the luminosity functions and color-magnitude diagrams of M 31 and M 32 are surprisingly similar, and are inconsistent with a majority contribution from any of the following: PAGB stars more massive than 0.56 Msun, main sequence stars, or blue stragglers. Both the the luminosity functions and color-magnitude diagrams are consistent with a dominant population of stars that have evolved from the extreme horizontal branch (EHB) along tracks with masses between 0.47 and 0.53 Msun. These stars are well below the detection limits of our images while on the zero-age EHB, but become detectable while in the more luminous (but shorter) AGB-Manque' and post-early asymptotic giant branch (PEAGB) phases. The FOC observations require that only a only a very small fraction of the main sequence population (2% in M 31 and 0.5% in M 32) in these two galaxies evolve though the EHB and post-EHB phases, with the remainder evolving through bright PAGB evolution that is so rapid that few if any stars are expected in the small field of view covered by the FOC.Comment: 35 pages, Latex. 19 figures. To appear in ApJ. Uses emulateapj.sty and apjfonts.sty (included). Color plates distributed seperatedly: fig1.jpg and fig2.jp