Vol. 2 Ch. 0 Preface

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Vol. 1 Ch. 1 Indiana Earthwork Sites New Insights from LiDAR DEMs and Aerial Photographs

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Current research at the Twin Mounds site (15Ba2)

Fiche header has date: 1994.Thesis (B.A.) in Anthropology--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1993.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-72)Microfiche of typescript. [Urbana, Ill.]: Photographic Services, University of Illinois, U of I Library, [1993]. 2 microfiches (81 frames): negative.s 1993 ilu n

Vol. 2 Ch. 3 Ohio Hopewell Settlements on Brown\u27s Bottom

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Hopewell Archeology: Volume 5, Number 1, June 2002

1. Preliminary Report, 2001 Investigations, Hopeton Earthworks Although the Hopewell mounds and earthworks of Ross County, Ohio, have been well known to the scientific community for more than 150 years, many simple and basic questions have yet to be answered about the sites, and about the people and culture who built them. Early archeological research focused on mounds and mortuary behavior (e.g., Squier and Davis 1848; Thomas 1894; Mills 1922; Moorehead 1922) and yielded a great deal of information about the artistic and ritual aspects of Hopewell life. Recent trends in Hopewell research have emphasized settlement pattern analysis and the relationships of the larger mound and earthwork sites to smaller villages and hamlets (Dancey and Pacheco 1997; Pacheco 1996). Comparisons among the large mound and earthwork sites have demonstrated some broad general similarities, but the structure and configuration of most sites are surprisingly diverse. The most thoughtful attempts to build broad explanatory models about the Hopewell world continue to be plagued by a lack of understanding about the chronology, structure, and function of individual earthwork sites. We believe this can be overcome with sustained, multi-year studies of individual earthwork sites. The Midwest Archeological Center has initiated a long-term study of the Hopeton Earthworks. This paper summarizes the results of research conducted in 2001. Research Area 2. The John L. Cotter Award for Excellence in National Park Service Archeology PREFACE: In honor of his long and distinguished career and his pioneering contributions to professional archeology within the National Park System, this unofficial annual award was established by agency staff as inspiration for student and professional archeologists to continue Dr. John L. Cotter’s model of excellence. PURPOSE: To recognize a specific archeological project within a unit of the National Park System, conducted by National Park Service staff, cooperator, permittee, or consultant as guided by senior National Park Service staff archeologist(s), each fiscal year, which meets or exceeds the criteria below. AWARD: The selected project lead person(s) will receive a commemorative non-monetary award and certificate bearing name(s) of principal investigator(s), project dates and field unit name. Presentation of award shall be at a suitable gathering of NPS archeological staff, followed by a brief project presentation. The award will be announced through official NPS public affairs channels. 3. Reply to Mark Lynott’s Review of Mysteries of the Hopewell In the previous issue of Hopewell Archeology (Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 8-9) Dr. Mark Lynott reviewed Mysteries of the Hopewell: Astronomers, Geometers, and Magicians of the Eastern Woodlands by William F. Romain. Mr. Romain’s response to the review is presented here. 4. Meeting Calendar Midwest Archaeological Conference 48th Annual Meeting October 3-6, 2002 Ramada Hotel and Conference Center, Columbus, Ohio. Conference information is available at Southeastern Archaeological Conference 59th Annual Meeting November 6-9, 2002 Beau Rivage Resort and Casino, Biloxi, Mississippi. Conference information is available at Forthcoming The next issue of Hopewell Archeology will feature the discovery of a new earthen circle at the Hopewell site and an update on the continuing research at the Hopeton Earthworks. We are always looking for short contributions relating to Hopewell archeology. Potential authors should contact the editor. 5. Detecting the Shriver Circle Earthwork, Ross County, Ohio Ephraim Squier and Edwin Davis surveyed the Mound City Group area over 150 years ago. Although primarily interested in this earthwork complex, with its more than 20 mounds surrounded by a low embankment, their map also depicted an oblong circular enclosure located less than 1,500 feet from Mound City’s southern embankment wall. Named after Henry Shriver, owner of the surrounding farmland in the mid-1800s, the Shriver Circle consists of a large circular embankment flanked by an exterior ditch (Figure 1). Six gateways break the circumference of the circle, which has a diameter exceeding 1,000 feet. In the 1840s, the embankment measured 5 feet high and 25 feet wide at the base, while the ditch was 4 feet deep and 20 feet wide (Squier and Davis 1848:Plate XIX). Reference Cite

Vol. 1 Ch. 3 Between the Monuments: Landscape-Scale Geophysical Surveys at Hopewell Culture National Historical Park-Seip Earthworks

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Vol. 2 Ch. 4 Material Choice and Interaction on Brown\u27s Bottom

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Footprints- In the Footprints of Squier and Davis: Archeological Fieldwork in Ross County, Ohio

TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements....................................................................iList of Tables...................................................................vii List of Figures...................................................................ix Contributors .........................................................................xiii Chapter 1 In the Footprints of Squier and Davis : Archeological Fieldwork in Ross County, Ohio Mark J. Lynott................................................................................1 Previous Studies in Ohio ...................................................1 Hopewell Studies Today ................................................................4 Recent Field Research ..........................................................................6 Goal of this Volume ................................................................................12 Chapter 2 In Non-mound Space at the Hopewell Mound Group Jennifer Pederson Weinberger .........................................13 Geophysical Survey .......................................................15Western Village Area.....................................................................16 Near the East Village .....................................................................18 Central Area ............................................................................19 Discussion .......................................................................................19 Chapter 3 Field Studies of the Octagon and Great Circle, High Bank Earthworks Ross County, Ohio N’omi B. Greber and Orrin C. Shane III ..............................................23 Excavations at the Octagon ............................................................25 Geophysics at the Great Circle ............................................................30 Excavations at the Great Circle ..........................................................33 Radiocarbon Assays ...........................................................................41 Comments ....................................................................................44 Addendum ..........................................................................................46 Chapter 4 Spruce Hill Earthworks: The 1995-1996 National Park Service Investigations Bret J. Ruby .............................................................................................49 Background .......................................................................................49 The Spruce Hill Earthworks .......................................................................49 Spruce Hill Revisited ......................................................................53 The 1995-1996 National Park Service Investigations ............................53 Discussion and Conclusions ..............................................................61 Chapter 5 Falling Through a Crack in the Core: The Surprise and Demise of Anderson Earthwork William H. Pickard and Jeffrey W. Weinberger ........................................ 67 History and Setting ..................................................................................68 1993 Excavations ..................................................................................70 Discussion ..............................................................................................72 Conclusion ............................................................................................74 Chapter 6 Middle Woodland and Other Settlement Remains in the Overly Tract Near The Hopeton Earthwork, Ross County, Ohio William S. Dancey .....................................................................................................77 Research Design.............................................................................77 Artifact Categories and their Distributions..............................................80 Discussion............................................................................................92 Chapter 7 Hopewell Occupation at the Hopeton Earthworks: Large Scale Surface Survey Using GPS Technology Jarrod Burks and Dawn Walter Gagliano................................................97 The Survey Area ................................................................................98 Survey Methodology .............................................................................99 Survey Results ...................................................................................99 The Surface Data: A Siteless Approach .................................................103 Discussion and Conclusion .........................................................................106 Notes ...................................................................................................107 Chapter 8 Hopewellian Centers in Context: Investigations In and Around the Hopeton Earthworks Bret J. Ruby And Mark J. Lynott .................................................................109 Surface Survey ......................................................................................110 Redwing Site ...........................................................................................111 Comparisons .........................................................................................118 Conclusions ......................................................................................122 Chapter 9 Searching for Hopewell Settlements: The Triangle Site at the Hopeton Earthworks Mark Lynott ...................................................................................... 125 Field Investigations ............................................................................127 Geophysical Survey ............................................................................128 1998 Season ....................................................................................128 Features, Artifacts and Radiocarbon Dating ........................................130 Animal Remains ...............................................................................137 Plant Remains ................................................................................138 Interpretations ..............................................................................139 Chapter 10 Geophysical Investigations at the Hopeton Earthworks John Weymouth, Bruce Bevan, and Rinita Dalan ...............................145 The Cesium Gradiometer Survey ...........................................................146 Cesium Gradiometer Results ...................................................................146 Geoscan Instrument Surveys ..............................................................148 Comparison of Cesium Magnetic and Resistance Data ........................148 Small Circles...........................................................................................149 Trench Excavations ...................................................................................149 Discussion ................................................................................................152 Conclusions ......................................................................................157 Chapter 11 Archeological and Geoarcheological Study of the Rectangular Enclosure at the Hopeton Works Mark J. Lynott and Rolfe D. Mandel ......................................................159 The Study of the Rectangular Earthwork ................................................161 Geophysical Survey ..............................................................................163 Trench Excavations .............................................................................164 Chronology ........................................................................................170 Geoarcheological Analysis of Trench 1 .................................................172 Interpretations ................................................................................174 Chapter 12 Ohio Hopewell Ritual Craft Production Katherine A. Spielmann ............................................................ 179Raw Material Procurement ....................................................................180 Hopewell Crafting ................................................................................181 Deposition ...........................................................................................186 Conclusions ....................................................................................188 References Cited .....................................................................................................18

Hopewell Archeology: Volume 4, Number 2, May 2001

1. The Hopeton Earthworks: An Interim Report For anyone with an interest in North American archeology, Ross County, Ohio, has long been a special place. The combination of a great concentration of mounds and earthworks, along with a long history of intensive archeological research, has fascinated archeologists and the general public for more than a century. Through the efforts of legendary archeologists such as E.G. Squier and E.H. Davis, Warren King Moorehead, and William C. Mills, certain sites in Ross County have become very well known. Recognition resulting from research at these sites has sometimes led to their being intentionally preserved. Many other potentially significant sites have been lost to agriculture or development activities without ever receiving any significant archeological attention. This presentation will describe research at a site that received very little scientific archeological attention prior to its acquisition by the National Park Service in 1990. 2. Meeting Calendar 2001 Midwest Archaeological Conference October 12–14, 2001, Radisson Hotel and Holiday Inn, La Crosse, Wisconsin 2001 Plains Anthropology Conference October 31 – November 3, 2001, Holiday Inn Lincoln, Nebraska 3. Land Acquisitions Status At Hopewell Culture NHP In May 1992, President George Bush signed Public Law 102-294 creating Hopewell Culture National Historical Park (NHP) in Ross County, Ohio. This legislation authorized the purchase of properties that would allow the new park to expand its boundaries beyond those of the existing Mound City Group National Monument. Until this time, the monument consisted of the Mound City Group and portions of the Hopeton Works, which were in danger of being destroyed by a gravel operation. Since the 1992 legislation, a primary management objective at Hopewell Culture NHP has been land acquisition at Hopewell Mound Group, High Bank Works, Seip Earthworks, and Hopeton Works. The process of building the park has been slow and blocked by many legal hurdles. 4. Book Review: Mysteries of the Hopewell: Astronomers, Geometers, and Magicians of the Eastern Woodlands. Many archeologists consider the work of E.G. Squier and E.H. Davis to be the first scientific archeological investigation in the United States. Whether we agree with that or not, it is interesting to note that Squier and Davis were attracted to study the same mound and earthwork sites that today are the core of Ohio Hopewell. Exploration of Hopewell mounds produced substantial evidence that the mounds and earthworks were associated with highly developed mortuary rituals and artistic objects of material culture. For about a century, the Hopewell mortuary complex was the primary focus of research in this area. In the last forty years, researchers have turned their attention to a broader understanding of Hopewell culture. Archeoastronomy became a part of North American archeology following Warren Wittry’s discovery of a series of woodhenges at Cahokia, near East St. Louis, Illinois, in the early 1960s. Wittry demonstrated that these wooden features were solar observatories. This discovery, and subsequent discoveries throughout North America, have led archeologists to believe that symbols in the art, artifacts, and architecture of prehistoric North America are a reflection of the worldviews of their creators. References Cited 5. News and Announcements Dean K. Alexander to Assume Top Post at Hopewell Culture National Historical Park The National Park Service has selected Dean K. Alexander, Superintendent at Kalaupapa National Historical Park in Hawaii, as the next superintendent of Hopewell Culture National Historical Park near Chillicothe, Ohio. Alexander replaces John Neal, who transferred to Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, Bayfield, Wisconsin, in June