604 research outputs found
New type of antiferromagnetic polaron and bipolaron in HTc - superconductors
The possibility of formation of a new type of polaron based on the quantum
aniferromagnet (AF) model is reported. We take into account exchange
interactions between localized d-d spins of the AF, as well as the p-d
interaction of the AF with p-carriers.
The energy minimum is found when maximum charge density occurs on every
second spin. The formation of such ``comb''-like polarons results from the
damping of quantum fluctuations and the appearance of Van Vleck-like staggered
magnetization. Such polarons tend to form pairs coupled by an AF ``glue''.Comment: 3 pages 2 figure
ALLOY BROADENING OF THE NEAR-GAP LUMINESCENCE AND THE NATURAL BAND OFFSET IN SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS
The inhomogeneous broadening of the near-gap emission (bound excitons (BE) and conduction-band to acceptor (CA)) in semiconductor alloys is reanalysed using the Markoff statistical theory for fluctuations of alloy composition. We give the exact relationship between the linewidth and the Bohr radius of the bound particle. The results of our theory indicate that even in the best GaAlAs samples there is still a significant contribution from other broadening mechanisms. We also show that the linewidth ratio of the CA to BE emission lines may provide a good estimate of the natural band offset in the alloy
People with Disabilities in Armed Conflict
During armed conflict, people with disabilities are victims of a vicious cycle of violence, social polarization, deteriorating services and deepening poverty. They are among the most marginalized and excluded part of the population affected by the armed conflict. They are at greater risk in situations of conflict, most likely to be left behind when populations flee and also at greater risk of violence and discrimination. The international normative framework related to people with disabilities in armed conflicts is mainly based on human rights law and international humanitarian law. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities moves the meaning of disability from regarding persons with disabilities as objects of medical care and charity to recognizing them as subjects with rights. There is still a long way to go in effectively protecting disabled people during armed conflicts. It seems that legal norms in this respect are sufficiently precise. But as often happens, the executive fails. The international community has a highly developed sense of solidarity and empathy for those in need. However, we are constantly observing many imperfections and shortcomings in the procedures and mechanisms of humanitarian aid [email protected], Lecturer, at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Lomza State University of Applied Sciences (Poland).Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, PolandAdvisory opinion of ICJ, Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, ICJ Reports par 70. (1996 July 8).Aust, A. (1986). The Theory and Practice of International Instruments. The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 35(4), 787-812.Baxter, R. (1980). International law in “Her Infinite Variety”. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 29, 549-566.Bierzanek, R. (1987). Miękkie prawo międzynarodowe [International Soft Law]. Sprawy
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Optical pumping of the electron spin polarization in bulk CuCl
In CuCl bulk crystal negatively charged excitons (trions ) can be
induced by the resonant optical excitation of extra electrons in conduction
band minimum. In the case of light polarization and due to the top valence band
structure of CuCl only the electrons with spin antiparallel to the direction of
the light propagation contribute to the formation of , while the emerging
can recombine into both possible electron states, with spin parallel and
antiparallel to the direction of light propagation. We propose to use this
mechanism for optical electronic spin pumping. We describe the dynamics of
pumping in terms of density matrix formalism. The coherent pumping laser pulse
propagating through the sample is described by Maxwell wave equation coupled to
the density matrix evolution equations. The results of our approximate simple
model calculations suggest that spin polarization close to 100% can be achieved
in time shorter than 100ps.Comment: new extended version, 7 pages, 4 figure
Aluminum Anodic Oxide AAO as a Template for Formation of Metal Nanostructures
The aim of the chapter is to describe the applications of AAO as a template in metal nanostructures formation and to present the experimental results obtained by authors in this field. The basic mechanism of the process of anodic oxidation of aluminum was described. The influence of oxidation parameters on the AAO structure was discussed. The processes of electrochemical metal deposition in AAO were described. The main present as well as future applications of metal nanostructures formed were listed
Shape description of MR brain images
The paper provides a classification of shape representation and description techniques and areview of some of the most important techniques. We examine shape description techniques on thereconstructed boundaries of brain structures (white matter) in the magnetic-resonance (MR)images using the Fourier descriptors for various frequency components in order to characterizebrain structures
Fractal feature analysis of the human brain structures in neuroanatomy changes
The paper presents a method to examine brain structures in neuroanatomy changes which result in dementia in magnetic resonance images by using fractal analysis techniques. We measured the relationship between the fractal dimensions of white matter and grey brain matter and the relationship between the fractal dimensions of the forebrain and the white brain matter. The investigation showed that the relationship between the fractal dimensions of brain in neuroanatomy changes differ from that in the normal brain
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