Additional files 2: of Protocol for a cluster-randomised trial to determine the effects of advocacy actions on the salt content of processed foods

Interim outcomes: examples of the types and sources of data, and measures. Description of data: description of the interim measures, examples of the types of data to be collected, the data sources, and the measure. (PDF 175 kb

Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Adults with Mild to Moderate Depression and High Cardiovascular Disease Risks: A Randomised Attention-Controlled Trial

<div><p>Background and Aim</p><p>Mild to moderate depression is common in those with cardiovascular disease and undertreated. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of internet-delivered Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (iCBT) on depressive symptom severity and adherence to medical advice and lifestyle interventions in adults with mild to moderate depression and high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks.</p> <p>Methods</p><p>Randomised double-blind, 12 week attention-controlled trial comparing an iCBT programme (<i>E-couch</i>) with an internet-delivered attention control health information package (<i>HealthWatch</i>, n = 282). The primary outcome was depression symptom level on the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (trial registration: <a href="https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=335062" target="_blank">ACTRN12610000085077</a>).</p> <p>Results</p><p>487/562 (88%) participants completed the endpoint assessment. 383/562 (70%) were currently treated for cardiovascular disease and 314/562 (56%) had at least one other comorbid condition. In ITT analysis of 562 participants iCBT produced a greater decline in the mean PHQ-9 score compared to the attention control of 1.06 (95% CI: 0.23–1.89) points, with differences between the two arms increasing over the intervention period (time by treatment effect interaction p = .012). There were also larger improvements in adherence (2.16 points; 95% CI: 0.33–3.99), reductions in anxiety (0.96 points; 95% CI: 0.19–1.73), and a greater proportion engaging in beneficial physical activity (Odds Ratio 1.91, 95%CI: 1.01–3.61) in the iCBT participants but no effect upon disability, or walking time/day. There were no withdrawals due to study related adverse events.</p> <p>Conclusions</p><p>In people with mild to moderate depression and high levels of CVD risk factors, a freely accessible iCBT programme (<a href="http://www.ecouch.anu.edu.au" target="_blank">http://www.ecouch.anu.edu.au</a>) produced a small, but robust, improvement in depressive symptoms, adherence and some health behaviours.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p><p>Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry <a href="http://www.anzctr.org.au;ACTRN12610000085077.aspx" target="_blank">ACTRN12610000085077</a></p> </div

Additional file 1: of Five year trends in the serve size, energy, and sodium contents of New Zealand fast foods: 2012 to 2016

Appendix 1. Preparation of fast food data for analysis. Appendix 2. Total products and unadjusted mean (SD) values included in main analyses by year, food group, fast food chain, and outcome*. Appendix 3. Summary of products included in reformulation analyses sold in two or more years by year, food group, fast food chain, and outcome. Appendix 4. Model adjusted means, 95% CI’s and p-values for all products in main analyses by year, food group, and outcome*. Appendix 5. Model adjusted means, 95% CI’s and p-values for reformulation analyses including products available for sale in two or more years by year, fast food chain, and outcome*. (XLSX 134 kb

Baseline demographic and health characteristics of 562 participants randomised to either iCBT (<i>E-couch</i>) or attention control health information (<i>HealthWatch</i>).

*<p>Scaled 0–100.</p>**<p>Missing data for one participant who did not complete baseline assessment.</p>***<p>Prior Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease includes doctor diagnosis of any one of Heart Disease, Stroke or Hypertension.</p>$<p>At least 150 mins of activity over at least 5 sessions each week.</p>#<p>Other comorbid conditions include: cancer (skin, prostate, breast or other cancer), blood clot (thrombosis), asthma, Parkinson’s disease, osteoarthritis, and/or thyroid problems.</p>##<p>Treatment for any Cardiovascular Disease includes: any one of heart attack/angina, other heart disease, hypertension or high blood cholesterol.</p

Observed activity and disability (cutback days) measures for iCBT (<i>E-couch</i>) and active control (<i>HealthWatch</i>) at baseline and post intervention.

*<p>- “sedentary” defined as reporting no physical activity per week.</p><p>- “sufficient activity” defined as at least 150 mins of activity over at least 5 sessions each week.</p>**<p>- cutback days defined as number of days in last month where respondent reported “cutting back or reducing their usual activities or work as a result of a health condition”.</p

Baseline to post-intervention change under iCBT (<i>E-couch</i>) and control (<i>HealthWatch</i>) on depression, adherence, anxiety, disability and activity measures.

<p>All contrasts are scaled so that a positive value indicates improvement.</p><p>Contrast value (95% Confidence Interval).</p

Effects of canagliflozin on initiation of insulin and other antihyperglycaemic agents in the CANVAS Program

This study compared initiation of insulin and other AHAs with canagliflozin versus placebo for participants with type 2 diabetes and a history/high risk of cardiovascular disease in the CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS) Program. After 1 year fewer participants treated with canagliflozin versus placebo initiated any AHA (7% vs 16%), insulin (3% vs 9%;) or any non‐insulin AHA (5% vs 12%; p p p <0.001 for each). Compared with placebo, canagliflozin delayed the need for initiation of other AHAs and delayed time to insulin therapy, an outcome that is important to many people with diabetes

Important definitions.

<p>Important definitions.</p

Identification process for eligible studies.

<p>Identification process for eligible studies.</p

A Potential framework for initiating salt reduction in India.

<p>A Potential framework for initiating salt reduction in India.</p