State-Level Wage AGI Gap for tax years 2000-2002

The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), under contract with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Office of Research, undertook an update of BEA’s state-level wage reconciliation for 2000 between BEA wages and salaries and IRS wages and salaries in Adjusted Gross Income. The initial reconciliation for the year 2000 was documented in the BEA Working Paper, The Feasibility of Producing Personal Income to Adjusted Gross Income (PI-AGI) Reconciliations by State. This study updates state estimates of the reconciliation of BEA and IRS wages and salaries for 2001 and 2002.

Theories of memory and the problems of development : activity, growth, and knowledge

To appear in F.I.M. Craik & L. Cermak (eds.), Levels of processing and memoryBibliography: leaves 38-4

Interdisciplinary Dissertation Research Among Public Health Doctoral Trainees, 2003-2015

Given the call for more interdisciplinary research in public health, the objectives of this study were to (1) examine the correlates of interdisciplinary dissertation completion and (2) identify secondary fields most common among interdisciplinary public health graduates. METHODS: We analyzed pooled cross-sectional data from 11 120 doctoral graduates in the Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2003-2015. The primary outcome was interdisciplinary dissertation completion. Covariates included primary public health field, sociodemographic characteristics, and institutional attributes. RESULTS: From 2003 to 2015, a total of 4005 of 11 120 (36.0%) doctoral graduates in public health reported interdisciplinary dissertations, with significant increases observed in recent years. Compared with general public health graduates, graduates of environmental health (odds ratio [OR] = 1.74; P < .001) and health services administration (OR = 1.38; P < .001) doctoral programs were significantly more likely to report completing interdisciplinary dissertation work, whereas graduates from biostatistics (OR = 0.51; P < .001) and epidemiology (OR = 0.76; P < .001) were less likely to do so. Completing an interdisciplinary dissertation was associated with being male, a non-US citizen, a graduate of a private institution, and a graduate of an institution with high but not the highest level of research activity. Many secondary dissertation fields reported by interdisciplinary graduates included other public health fields. CONCLUSION: Although interdisciplinary dissertation research among doctoral graduates in public health has increased in recent years, such work is bounded in certain fields of public health and certain types of graduates and institutions. Academic administrators and other stakeholders may use these results to inform greater interdisciplinary activity during doctoral training and to evaluate current and future collaborations across departments or schools

City of Las Vegas, Department of Building and Safety: Valuation based fee schedule analysis

The City of Las Vegas Building and Safety Department (B & S) is being forced to make a number of difficult decisions regarding the structure of fees charged for the various services it provides. Like many building departments nationwide, B & S is experiencing the financial impact of the current economic decline affecting the construction industry. These fees directly affect B & S’ ability to staff the department in a manner that enables them to deliver an adequate level of service. With construction permits issued by B & S plummeting from an all-time high of 19,147 in 2004 to 5,093 in 2009, the department has reduced staffing levels from 124 employees in 2008 to 45 in 2010. Nevertheless, current methods for generating revenues are based on outdated fee and valuation schedules from 1997. State statutes, city ordinances, and administrative codes dictate how fees may be generated and place limitations on B & S’ discretion in raising fees. Analysis was conducted by comparing the current permit fee schedules to other jurisdictions’ both locally and regionally, applying a valuation comparison using the more updated International Code Council (ICC) guidelines, reviewing the historical increase in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) since 1997 and conducting a break-even analysis. Presented in the report are recommendations for modifying the current fee structure and alternatives for potential revenue generation

Parent support advisor pilot : first interim report from the evaluation

The Parent Support Adviser (PSA) pilot is a government funded initiative to support 20 Local Authorities (LAs) to introduce PSAs into their workforce. The Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) commissioned the Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR) to evaluate the PSA pilot programme from September 2006 – August 2008. A government grant (£40 million) has been made available to fund employment of PSAs over this period. To date, 717 PSAs are in place, supporting parents in 1167 schools. This first Interim Report is based on semi-structured interviews with 97 PSAs, 85 line managers and 23 other professionals in 12 case study LAs during Phase 1 of the evaluation, which was carried out between April and June 2007. Phase 2 of the study will take place during the period October to December 2007; phase 3 will take place during March to June 2008. In addition to these interview-based studies with the 12 case study LAs, an analysis will be made of the data collected by all 20 LAs over the period of the pilot using a standard database devised by CEDAR. Data are being collected on the PSAs’ work with parents and, where this occurs, with children. Finally, a cost effectiveness study will be undertaken. The findings from these phases of the project will be reported in the final report

Learning and memory in individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum

Damage to long white matter pathways in the cerebral cortex is known to affect memory capacity. However, the specific contribution of interhemispheric connectivity in memory functioning is only beginning to become understood. The present study examined verbal and visual memory processing in individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) using the Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition (WMS-III; Wechsler, 1997b). Thirty participants with AgCC (FSIQ >78) were compared against 30 healthy age and IQ matched controls on auditory/verbal (Logical Memory, Verbal Paired Associates) and visual (Visual Reproduction, Faces) memory subtests. Performance was worse in AgCC than controls on immediate and delayed verbal recall for rote word pairs and on delayed recall of faces, as well as on percent recall for these tasks. Immediate recall for thematic information from stories was also worse in AgCC, but groups did not differ on memory for details from narratives or on recall for thematic information following a time delay. Groups also did not differ on memory for abstract figures or immediate recall of faces. On all subtests, individuals with AgCC had greater frequency of clinically significant impairments than predicted by the normal distribution. Results suggest less efficient overall verbal and visual learning and memory with relative weaknesses processing verbal pairs and delayed recall for faces. These findings suggest that the corpus callosum facilitates more efficient learning and recall for both verbal and visual information, that individuals with AgCC may benefit from receiving verbal information within semantic context, and that known deficits in facial processing in individuals with AgCC may contribute to their impairments in recall for faces

Non-invasive evaluation of pulmonary glutathione in the exhaled breath condensate of otherwise healthy alcoholics

SummaryBackgroundChronic alcoholism is associated with an elevated risk for pulmonary infection and a 3-fold chance for incidence and mortality of acute respiratory distress syndrome with critical injury. Limited sampling of the alveolar lining fluid has restricted clinical studies of the role of glutathione (GSH) redox balance in pulmonary function and diseased states. Non-invasive sampling in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) to monitor alveolar GSH would facilitate research in pulmonary oxidative stress.MethodsEBC was collected from otherwise healthy subjects with and without a history of alcohol abuse. Reduced and oxidized EBC glutathione (GSH and GSSG, respectively), pH, and hydrogen peroxide were measured.ResultsGSH was statistically decreased in alcohol abusers only when normalized to protein (4.7nmol/mg protein [0.75, 11.4] vs. 13.4 [7.8, 26.4], p=0.03). In contrast, GSSG was significantly elevated in the EBC from alcohol abusers when compared to controls, 5.62 [0.45, 8.94] vs. 0.50nM [0.38, 0.80], p=0.03. Thus, a greater percentage was in the oxidized GSSG form when subjects abused alcohol (35.3% [11.8, 58.1] vs. 5.2 [3.6, 6.1], p<0.001). These concentrations represented a 40mV shift in GSH redox state towards a more oxidized state.ConclusionsProper sample preparation was essential to prevent GSH loss and artificial oxidation. The shift in redox potential or %GSSG, which were not affected by dilution, may serve as better markers of pulmonary oxidative stress. Furthermore, these data suggested that the oxidant stress observed in the lavage fluid of otherwise healthy alcoholics could be measured non-invasively in the EBC

CSI : A nonparametric Bayesian approach to network inference from multiple perturbed time series gene expression data

How an organism responds to the environmental challenges it faces is heavily influenced by its gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Whilst most methods for inferring GRNs from time series mRNA expression data are only able to cope with single time series (or single perturbations with biological replicates), it is becoming increasingly common for several time series to be generated under different experimental conditions. The CSI algorithm (Klemm, 2008) represents one approach to inferring GRNs from multiple time series data, which has previously been shown to perform well on a variety of datasets (Penfold and Wild, 2011). Another challenge in network inference is the identification of condition specific GRNs i.e., identifying how a GRN is rewired under different conditions or different individuals. The Hierarchical Causal Structure Identification (HCSI) algorithm (Penfold et al., 2012) is one approach that allows inference of condition specific networks (Hickman et al., 2013), that has been shown to be more accurate at reconstructing known networks than inference on the individual datasets alone. Here we describe a MATLAB implementation of CSI/HCSI that includes fast approximate solutions to CSI as well as Markov Chain Monte Carlo implementations of both CSI and HCSI, together with a user-friendly GUI, with the intention of making the analysis of networks from multiple perturbed time series datasets more accessible to the wider community.1 The GUI itself guides the user through each stage of the analysis, from loading in the data, to parameter selection and visualisation of networks, and can be launched by typing >> csi into the MATLAB command line. For each step of the analysis, links to documentation and tutorials are available within the GUI, which includes documentation on visualisation and interacting with output file