Динаміка етнічного складу містечкового населення ХХ – початку ХХІ століття (на матеріалах Фастова)

Упродовж ХХ – початку ХХІ ст. етнічний склад Фастова, типового містечка українського Правобережжя, зазнав корінних змін. Євреї, які колись становили значний відсоток населення, на початок ХХІ ст. майже всі емігрували. Поляки асимілювалися українцями; разом з тим, враховуючи, що це були переважно нащадки сполонізованої української шляхти, відбулося в основному повернення їх до етнічності предків. У середині ХХ ст. в місті з’явилося багато росіян. Проте внаслідок пошлюблення їх з українцями та обирання дітьми від цих шлюбів після 1991 року української «національності» кількість росіян у Фастові дуже зменшилася. Українці перетворилися на стійку більшість.На протяжении ХХ – начала ХХІ в. этнический состав Фастова, типичного городка украинского Правобережья, подвергся коренным изменениям. Евреи, которые когда-то составляли значительную часть населения, к началу ХХI в. почти все эмигрируют. Поляки подвергаются ассимиляции со стороны украинцев; вместе с тем, учитывая, что это были преимущественно потомки ополяченной украинской шляхты, имело место, в основном, возвращение их к этничности предков. В середине ХХ в. в городе появляется значительное количество русских. Однако вследствие их браков с украинцами и выбора их детьми после 1991 года украинской «национальности» численность русских в Фастове очень сократилась. Украинцы стали стойким большинством.The ethnical composition of Fastiv, a typical Ukrainian Right-Bank Ukraine provincial town, has been subject to fundamental changes through the centuries. The H ebrews making firstly a considerable percent of Fastiv population have almost emigrated by the beginning of the XXIst century. The P oles have been assimilated by the Ukrainians. At the same time, taking into account that the latter were mainly P olonized Ukrainian noblemen’s descendants, there was chiefly their return to the antecedents’ ethnicity. A lot of the Russians has come to the town in the middle XXth century, however due to the marriages with the Ukrainians and their children’s identification with Ukrainian ethnicity after the 1991 events the Fastiv Russians’ amount greatly decreased and the Ukrainians became a proof majority

Экономическое обоснование сущности расходов предприятия

This study examined the development of adolescents' conflict frequency and conflict resolution with their best friends, and tested whether adolescents with different personality types differed in these developmental changes from early to middle adolescence. Dutch adolescents (N = 922, 468 boys; Mage = 12.4 years at first wave) annually filled in questionnaires for five consecutive years. Growth modelling revealed that, whereas adolescents' conflict frequency and hostile conflict resolution did not change, positive problem solving, withdrawal, and compliance during conflict with best friends increased from age 12 to 16 years. Adolescents with different personality types differed in the mean levels of conflict frequency and conflict resolution strategies. That is, resilients had less conflict with friends than undercontrollers and overcontrollers. During conflict, resilients used the least hostile conflict resolution and compliance, and employed the most positive problem solving. Undercontrollers adopted the least positive problem solving, and overcontrollers complied and withdrew the most. Using a person-centred approach, three developmental conflict resolution types were identified based on different constellations of the four conflict resolution strategies over time. Adolescents with different personality types had different distributions on the conflict resolution types

Siblings versus parents and friends:Longitudinal linkages to adolescent externalizing problems

Background: It is well documented that friends’ externalizing problems and negative parent–child interactions predict externalizing problems in adolescence, but relatively little is known about the role of siblings. This four-wave, multi-informant study investigated linkages of siblings’ externalizing problems and sibling–adolescent negative interactions on adolescents’ externalizing problems, while examining and controlling for similar linkages with friends and parents. Methods: Questionnaire data on externalizing problems and negative interactions were annually collected from 497 Dutch adolescents (M = 13.03 years, SD = 0.52, at baseline), as well as their siblings, mothers, fathers, and friends. Results: Cross-lagged panel analyses revealed modest unique longitudinal paths from sibling externalizing problems to adolescent externalizing problems, for male and female adolescents, and for same-sex and mixed-sex sibling dyads, but only from older to younger siblings. Moreover, these paths were above and beyond significant paths from mother–adolescent negative interaction and friend externalizing problems to adolescent externalizing problems, 1 year later. No cross-lagged paths existed between sibling–adolescent negative interaction and adolescent externalizing problems. Conclusions: Taken together, it appears that especially older sibling externalizing problems may be a unique social risk factor for adolescent externalizing problems, equal in strength to significant parents’ and friends’ risk factors

Perceived autonomy support from parents and best friends:Longitudinal associations with adolescents' depressive symptoms

According to the self-determination theory, experiencing autonomy support in close relationships is thought to promote adolescents' well-being. Perceptions of autonomy support from parents and from best friends have been associated with lower levels of adolescents' depressive symptoms. This longitudinal study examines the relative contribution of perceived autonomy support from parents and best friends in relation to adolescents' depressive symptoms and changes in these associations from early to late adolescence. Age and gender differences were also investigated. Questionnaires about mother, father, and a best friend were filled out by 923 early adolescents and 390 middle adolescents during five consecutive years, thereby covering an age range from 12 to 20. Multi-group cross-lagged path analysis revealed concurrent and longitudinal negative associations between perceived parental autonomy support and adolescents' depressive symptoms. No concurrent and longitudinal associations were found between perceived best friends' autonomy support and adolescents' depressive symptoms. Results were similar for early and middle adolescent boys and girls. Prevention and treatment programs should focus on the bidirectional interplay during adolescence between perceptions of parental autonomy support and adolescents' depressive symptoms

Brief report: How adolescent personality moderates the effect of love history on the young adulthood romantic relationship quality?

This study examined the effect of previous romantic relationship involvement on later romantic relationship quality and tested whether adolescents' personality type (i.e., overcontrollers, undercontrollers, resilients) moderated this link. We answered our research questions in a sample of 320 Dutch participants (213 girls) who had a romantic relationship when they were 21 years old. At 12 years of age, their personality types were identified. At 21 years of age, participants reported their current romantic relationship quality (i.e., commitment, exploration, and reconsideration) and indicated the number of romantic relationships they had before. No main effects of the number of romantic relationships on current romantic relationship quality were found. There were significant interaction effects between personality types and the number of romantic relationships on romantic relationship quality. With more romantic relationship experiences, undercontrollers committed less to and explored less in their current romantic relationship. No such link was found for resilients and overcontrollers. Keywords: Overcontrollers, Undercontrollers, Resilients, Romantic relationship experience, Romantic relationship qualit

Adolescent abstention from delinquency:Examining the mediating role of time spent with (delinquent) peers

Research consistently identifies a group of adolescents who refrain from minor delinquency entirely. Known as abstainers, studying these adolescents is an underexplored approach to understanding adolescent minor delinquency. In this paper, we tested hypotheses regarding adolescent delinquency abstention derived from the developmental taxonomy model and social control theory in 497 adolescents (283 boys) aged 13–18 comparing three groups of adolescents: abstainers, experimenters, and a delinquent group. We found that the relation between adolescent abstention and personal characteristics (i.e., conscientiousness and anxiety) was (partially) mediated by the amount of time spent with peers. Furthermore, the level of best friend delinquency moderated the relation between time spent with peers and delinquency abstention. Results support aspects of both theoretical frameworks

Maternal criticism and adolescent depressive and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms: A 6-year longitudinal community study

This 6-year longitudinal study examined the direction of effects (i.e., parent effects, child effects, or reciprocal effects) between maternal criticism and adolescent depressive and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) symptoms, including adolescents’ perceptions of criticism as a potential mediator. Consistent with recent empirical findings on associations between parenting and adolescent internalizing symptoms, we hypothesized stronger child effects than parent effects. A community sample of 497 adolescents (Mage = 13.03 at T1, 57 % boys) reported annually on their depressive and GAD symptoms as well as their perceptions of parental criticism. Their mothers (Mage = 44.41 at T1) also reported annually on their own critical behavior toward their adolescent. As expected, cross-lagged panel models demonstrated stronger child effects (i.e., adolescent psychopathology predicting maternal criticism) than parent effects (i.e., maternal criticism predicting adolescent psychopathology) for both adolescent depressive and GAD symptoms, including adolescent perceived criticism as a significant mediator. Our results emphasize the importance of considering (1) potential bidirectional influences over time, contrary to a focus on parent effects on adolescent mental health, as well as (2) adolescent perceptions of parenting as an important potential mediator in associations between aspects of the parent-adolescent relationship and adolescent internalizing psychopathological symptoms. Keywords: Adolescence, Anxiety, Depression, Parental criticism (Expressed emotion), Longitudinal, Cross-lagged panel mode

Is adolescent Generalized Anxiety Disorder a magnet for negative parental interpersonal behaviors?

Background Previous studies have found that perceived parental interpersonal interaction behaviors, such as rejection, overcontrol, and negative attachment behaviors, increase adolescent generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms. However, most of these studies have been cross-sectional, as opposed to longitudinal, and have examined these perceived parental interaction behaviors individually. Hence, the goal of this longitudinal study is to examine these perceived parental behaviors and adolescent GAD symptoms together, in one model, to examine the unique effects each has on one another. Methods Participants were 923 adolescents from the general community. The adolescent population was comprised of both boys (50.7%) and girls (49.3%) with an average age of 12 at the first measurement. In a prospective, 5-year longitudinal design, the adolescents completed questionnaires of parental interaction behaviors and adolescent GAD symptoms on the first, third, and fifth years of the study. Results Structural equation modeling cross-lagged panel model analyses were conducted to examine the effects perceived parental interaction behaviors and adolescent GAD have on one another. It was found that adolescent GAD consistently predicted parental interpersonal interaction behaviors longitudinally. Conclusions It is suggested that adolescent GAD influences the perception of parental interpersonal behaviors. And the influence adolescent GAD may have on these perceived parental interpersonal behaviors is to create an environment in which the parents are perceived to begin to disengage in their interactions with their adolescent