552 research outputs found
On the Problem of Vacuum Energy in FLRW Universes and Dark Energy
We present a (hopefully) novel calculation of the vacuum energy in expanding
FLRW spacetimes based on the renormalization of quantum field theory in
non-zero backgrounds. We compute the renormalized effective action up to the
point function and then apply the formalism to the cosmological backgrounds
of interest. As an example we calculate for quasi de Sitter spacetimes the
leading correction to the vacuum energy given by the tadpole diagram and show
that it behaves as where is the Hubble
constant and is the Planck constant. This is of the same
order of magnitude as the observed dark energy density in the universe.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure; v2: reorganization of the presentation and minor
changes and comments adde
Self-Gravitating Phase Transitions: Point Particles, Black Holes and Strings
We compute the quantum string entropy S_s(m,j) of the microscopic string
states of mass m and spin j in two physically relevant backgrounds: Kerr
(rotating) black holes and de Sitter (dS) space-time. We find a new formula for
the quantum gravitational entropy S_{sem} (M, J), as a function of the usual
Bekenstein-Hawking entropy S_{sem}^(0)(M, J). We compute the quantum string
emission by a black hole in de Sitter space-time (bhdS). In all these cases:
(i) strings with the highest spin, and (ii) in dS space-time, (iii) quantum
rotating black holes, (iv) quantum dS regime, (v) late bhdS evaporation, we
find a new gravitational phase transition with a common distinctive universal
feature: A square root branch point singularity in any space-time dimensions.
This is the same behavior as for the thermal self-gravitating gas of point
particles (de Vega-Sanchez transition), thus describing a new universality
class.Comment: Invited lecture at `Statistical Mechanics of Non-Extensive Systems',
Observatoire de Paris, 24-25 October 2005, to be published in a Special issue
of `Les Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences', Elsevie
FONCTIONNEMENT ADVERBIAL ET SENS EN EMPLOI DE Ă UN POINT (QUE P)
RĂSUMĂ. A un point que est prĂ©sentĂ© par les dictionnaires de langue, notamment le TrĂ©sor de la Langue Française (TLFi) comme une locution adverbiale « assimilable Ă un adverbe de degrĂ©, dâintensité » (article Point). Il sâagit lĂ , en fait, non pas de sa nature mais de lâun de ses emplois. En emploi adverbial, cette sĂ©quence en point prĂ©sente une latitude combinatoire conforme Ă celle des adverbes de degrĂ©. En dĂ©pit de ce comportement adverbial, Ă un point que P est identifiĂ©, dans le cadre de cet article, non pas comme une locution adverbiale mais comme une locution prĂ©positionnelle Ă complĂ©ment zĂ©ro. Dâun point de vue sĂ©mantique, elle constitue un adverbe de degrĂ© tout comme beaucoup, trĂšs, extrĂȘmement et Ă©normĂ©ment toutefois Ă un point que P vĂ©hicule un degrĂ© bien plus intense. Ce sens Ă©mane, selon nous, de lâassociation du sens de chacun de ses Ă©lĂ©ments constitutifs. Mots-clĂ©s: adverbe, degrĂ©, intensifieur, locution, modifieur, quantifieur, structure interne.ABSTRACT. A un point que is defined by language dictionaries, especially by the TrĂ©sor de la Langue Française (TLFi), as an adverbial locution « comparable to an adverb of degree or intensity » (Point). In fact this is not a definition of its nature but of one of its uses. In its adverbial usage, this sequence in point presents combinatorial latitude in accordance with adverbs of degree. Despite this adverbial behavior, à un point que P is not identified, within the frame of this article, with an adverbial locution but with a prepositional locution with a zero complement. It is an adverb of degree as beaucoup, trĂšs, extrĂȘmement and énormĂ©ment. Yet, Ă un point que P conveys a more intense degree. According to us, this meaning comes from the combination of the meaning of each constitutive element. Keywords: adverb, degree, intensifier, internal structure, locution, modifier, quantifier
LâEMPLOI EXCLAMATIF DE A QUEL POINT
 RĂSUMĂ. La locution adverbiale Ă quel point appartient Ă une sous-classe particuliĂšre dâadverbes appelĂ©s adverbes de quantitĂ©, tout comme lâadverbe combien, qui sert souvent Ă la gloser. Cette classification Ă©tablie Ă partir du trait sĂ©mantique fondamental de degrĂ©, permet de prĂ©senter les propriĂ©tĂ©s gĂ©nĂ©rales communes aux adverbes de quantitĂ© mais non dâen saisir les particularitĂ©s. Lâobjectif de ce prĂ©sent travail est donc dâĂ©laborer une description minutieuse centrĂ©e sur Ă quel point (emploi exclamatif) afin de saisir les spĂ©cificitĂ©s syntaxiques, distributionnelles et sĂ©mantiques de ce marqueur exclamatif. Pour ce faire, nous avons procĂ©dĂ© par induction en rassemblant un corpus attestĂ©, en français contemporain, reprĂ©sentatif des diffĂ©rents emplois exclamatifs de Ă quel point. Lâobservation des donnĂ©es rassemblĂ©es nous a permis, en autres, de montrer que, bien quâappartenant Ă une mĂȘme classe grammaticale et sĂ©mantique (adverbe indiquant le degrĂ©), Ă quel point et combien ont des fonctionnements syntaxiques diffĂ©rents et des sens en emploi fort singuliers.  Mots-clĂ©s : adverbe, conformitĂ©, degrĂ©, Ă©valuation, intensitĂ©, quantitĂ©, seuil.ABSTRACT. It is commonly acknowledged that the adverbial locution Ă quel point belongs to a particular sub-class of adverbs called quantity adverbs, as the adverb combien, which serves to replace it. This classification, established from the fundamental semantic trait of degree, allows us to display its common general properties to the quantity adverbs but not to fathom its specificities. The aim of the present study is to set up a minute description centered on Ă quel point (in its exclamatory use) to seize the syntactic, distributional and semantic specificities relative to this marker. In order to achieve this goal, we have proceeded by induction, i.e. by gathering a certified corpus of different exclamatory uses of Ă quel point in contemporary French. The analysis of the gathered data has allowed us to show that, while belonging to an identical grammatical and semantic class (an adverb indicating the degree), Ă quel point and combien have different syntactic functioning and very particular meanings in use.Keywords: adverb, conformity, degree, evaluation, intensity, quantity, threshold
The fate of the Wilson-Fisher fixed point in non-commutative \phi^4
In this article we study non-commutative vector sigma model with the most
general \phi^4 interaction on Moyal-Weyl spaces. We compute the 2- and 4-point
functions to all orders in the large N limit and then apply the approximate
Wilson renormalization group recursion formula to study the renormalized
coupling constants of the theory. The non-commutative Wilson-Fisher fixed point
interpolates between the commutative Wilson-Fisher fixed point of the Ising
universality class which is found to lie at zero value of the critical coupling
constant a_* of the zero dimensional reduction of the theory, and a novel
strongly interacting fixed point which lies at infinite value of a_*
corresponding to maximal non-commutativity beyond which the two-sheeted
structure of a_* as a function of the dilation parameter disappears.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures, v2:one reference adde
Bertotti-Robinson solutions of D=5 Einstein-Maxwell-Chern-Simons-Lambda theory
We present a series of new solutions in five-dimensional
Einstein-Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory with an arbitrary Chern-Simons coupling
and a cosmological constant . For general and
we give various generalizations of the Bertotti-Robinson solutions
supported by electric and magnetic fluxes, some of which presumably describe
the near-horizon regions of black strings or black rings. Among them there is a
solution which could apply to the horizon of a topological AdS black ring in
gauged minimal supergravity. Others are horizonless and geodesically complete.
We also construct extremal asymptotically flat multi-string solutions for
and arbitrary .Comment: 17 pages, revtex
The architectural representation, redefinition and repercussion in the era of augmented reality
PonĂšncia presentada a: Session 4: EtnografĂas, fenomenologĂa, fenomenologĂa social y dialogĂa social / Ethnographies in the studios, phenomenology, social dialog
Semiclassical (Quantum Field Theory) and Quantum (String) de Sitter Regimes: New Results
We compute the quantum string entropy S_s(m, H) from the microscopic string
density of states rho_s (m,H) of mass m in de Sitter space-time. We find for
high m, a {\bf new} phase transition at the critical string temperature T_s=
(1/2 pi k_B)L c^2/alpha', higher than the flat space (Hagedorn) temperature
t_s. (L = c/H, the Hubble constant H acts at the transition as producing a
smaller string constant alpha' and thus, a higher tension). T_s is the precise
quantum dual of the semiclassical (QFT Hawking-Gibbons) de Sitter temperature
T_sem = hbar c /(2\pi k_B L). We find a new formula for the full de Sitter
entropy S_sem (H), as a function of the usual Bekenstein-Hawking entropy
S_sem^(0)(H). For L << l_{Planck}, ie. for low H << c/l_Planck,
S_{sem}^{(0)}(H) is the leading term, but for high H near c/l_Planck, a new
phase transition operates and the whole entropy S_sem (H) is drastically
different from the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy S_sem^(0)(H). We compute the
string quantum emission cross section by a black hole in de Sitter (or
asymptotically de Sitter) space-time (bhdS). For T_sem ~ bhdS << T_s, (early
evaporation stage), it shows the QFT Hawking emission with temperature T_sem ~
bhdS, (semiclassical regime). For T_sem ~ bhdS near T_{s}, it exhibits a phase
transition into a string de Sitter state of size L_s = l_s^2/L}, l_s=
\sqrt{\hbar alpha'/c), and string de Sitter temperature T_s. Instead of
featuring a single pole singularity in the temperature (Carlitz transition), it
features a square root branch point (de Vega-Sanchez transition). New bounds on
the black hole radius r_g emerge in the bhdS string regime: it can become r_g =
L_s/2, or it can reach a more quantum value, r_g = 0.365 l_s.Comment: New original materia
Semiclassical (QFT) and Quantum (String) anti - de Sitter Regimes: New Results
We compute the quantum string entropy S_s(m, H) from the microscopic string
density of states of mass m in Anti de Sitter space-time. For high m, (high Hm
-->c/\alpha'), no phase transition occurs at the Anti de Sitter string
temperature T_{s} which is higher than the flat space (Hagedorn) temperature
t_{s}. (the Hubble constant H acts as producing a smaller string constant and
thus, a higher tension). T_s is the precise quantum dual of the semiclassical
(QFT) Anti de Sitter temperature scale . We compute the quantum string emission
by a black hole in Anti de Sitter space-time (bhAdS). In the early evaporation
stage, it shows the QFT Hawking emission with temperature T_{sem~bhAdS},
(semiclassical regime). For T_{sem~bhAdS}--> T_{s}, it exhibits a phase
transition into a Anti de Sitter string state. New string bounds on the black
hole emerge in the bhAdS string regime. We find a new formula for the full
(quantum regime included) Anti de Sitter entropy S_{sem}, as a function of the
usual Bekenstein-Hawking entropy S_{sem}^(0). For low H (semiclassical regime),
S_{sem}^(0) is the leading term but for high H (quantum regime), no phase
transition operates, in contrast to de Sitter space, and the entropy S_{sem} is
very different from the Bekenstein-Hawking term S_{sem}^(0).Comment: Comments 26 pages; no figure
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