Eating habits modulate short term memory and epigenetical regulation of brain derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampus of low- and high running capacity rats

Exercise capacity and dietary restriction (DR) are linked to improved quality of life, including enhanced brain function and neuro-protection. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the key proteins involved in the beneficial effects of exercise on brain. Low capacity runner (LCR) and high capacity runner (HCR) rats were subjected to DR in order to investigate the regulation of BDNF. HCR-DR rats out-performed other groups in a passive avoidance test. BDNF content increased significantly in the hippocampus of HCR-DR groups compared to control groups (p<0.05). The acetylation of H3 increased significantly only in the LCR-DR group. However, chip-assay revealed that the specific binding between acetylated histone H3 and BNDF promoter was increased in both LCR-DR and HCR-DR groups. In spite of these increases in binding, at the transcriptional level only, the LCR-DR group showed an increase in BDNF mRNA content. Additionally, DR also induced the activity of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), while the content of SIRT1 was not altered. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) was elevated in HCR-DR groups. But, based on the levels of nuclear respiratory factor-1 and cytocrome c oxidase, it appears that DR did not cause mitochondrial biogenesis. The data suggest that DR-mediated induction of BDNF levels includes chromatin remodeling. Moreover, DR does not induce mitochondrial biogenesis in the hippocampus of LCR/HCR rats. DR results in different responses to a passive avoidance test, and BDNF regulation in LCR and HCR rats

Unity-alapú logikai játékprogram

INST: L_042Unity videójáték-motorral megvalósított, 3D-s grafikával rendelkező, egyedi ötleten alapuló logikai játékprogram

The Petersen prognostic index revisited in Dukes B colon cancer - Inter-institutional differences

A prognostic index (Petersen index, PI) was created for patients with pT3-4 pN0 M0 (Stage II, Dukes' B) colon cancers to distinguish between patients with better and worse outcome, and to help in recommending adjuvant chemotherapy for high risk patients in this stage. The prognostic value of the PI was evaluated in two independent retrospective series of stage II (Dukes' B) colon cancer patients. The parameters defining the PI (venous invasion, peritoneal involvement, circumferential margin involvement, perforation through the tumour) and performance of the PI were compared in two institutions. The two series of patients consisted of 127 and 87 patients. Venous invasion was more frequently detected at one of the centres (p<0.01) and tumour perforation was more frequent at the other (p<0.01). There were no significant differences in the 5-year survival estimates of all patients (p=0.19), and of either the low PI value groups (p=0.52) or that of the high PI value groups (p=0.99) between the two sites. In contrast, there were significant differences in the survival estimates between patients of the low PI category and those of the high PI category altogether (p<0.01) and in either centre. Although, it was expected that differences in the frequency of the parameters involved in the PI would influence its performance, this was not confirmed by the data. Our results suggest that using the PI may be of value in prognostic factor based therapy selection of colon carcinoma patients

A hónalji nyirokcsomók további érintettségére vonatkozó modellek elemzése kisméretű (≤15 mm) őrszemnyirokcsomó-áttétes emlőrákokban = Analysis of predictive tools for further axillary involvement in patients with sentinel lymph node positive small (≤15 mm) invasive breast cancer

A kisméretű emlőrákok sok tekintetben más kezelést igényelhetnek, mint a nagyobbak. Axillaris őrszemnyirokcsomó-biopszián átesett, 15 mm-nél nem nagyobb daganattal diagnosztizált betegeknél, 8 prediktív eszköz segítségével értékeltük a pozitív őrszemnyirokcsomóhoz társuló egyéb nyirokcsomók áttéteinek gyakoriságát és annak megjósolhatóságát. Ötszázhat beteg közül pozitív őrszemnyirokcsomó lelete mellett 138 alkalommal történt hónalji blokkdisszekció, és 39 esetben igazolódott további nyirokcsomóáttét. A prediktív eszközök közül a Stanford-nomogram és a mikrometasztatikus nomogram határozott meg egy olyan kis csoportot, akiknél a pozitív őrszemnyirokcsomók mellett is további áttétek kis kockázata miatt elhagyható lehet a kiegészítő blokkdisszekció. Adataink szerint a Tenon-pontszám is alkalmas lehet egy további, áttétek szempontjából kisebb és nagyobb kockázati csoport elkülönítésére. A kis tumorméretük alapján egyébként is alacsonyabb kockázatú őrszemnyirokcsomó-áttétes betegeknél a többváltozós modelleken alapuló prediktív eszközök némelyike segíthet az utólag feleslegesnek tűnő hónalji blokkdisszekciók egy részének elhagyásában. | Small breast cancers often require different treatment than larger ones. The frequency and predictability of further nodal involvement was evaluated in patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes and breast cancers ≤15 mm by means of 8 different predictive tools. Of 506 patients with such small tumors 138 with positive sentinel nodes underwent axillary dissection and 39 of these had non-sentinel node involvement too. The Stanford nomogram and the micrometastatic nomogram were the predictive tools identifying a small group of patients with low probability of further axillary involvement that might not require completion axillary lymph node dissection. Our data also suggest that the Tenon score can separate subsets of patients with a low and a higher risk of non-sentinel node metastasis. Predictive tools based on multivariate models can help in omitting completion axillary dissection in patients with low risk of non-sentinel lymph node metastasis based on their small tumor size

ONEST (Observers Needed to Evaluate Subjective Tests) Analysis of Stromal Tumour-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (sTILs) in Breast Cancer and Its Limitations.

Peer reviewed: TrueTumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) reflect antitumour immunity. Their evaluation of histopathology specimens is influenced by several factors and is subject to issues of reproducibility. ONEST (Observers Needed to Evaluate Subjective Tests) helps in determining the number of observers that would be sufficient for the reliable estimation of inter-observer agreement of TIL categorisation. This has not been explored previously in relation to TILs. ONEST analyses, using an open-source software developed by the first author, were performed on TIL quantification in breast cancers taken from two previous studies. These were one reproducibility study involving 49 breast cancers, 23 in the first circulation and 14 pathologists in the second circulation, and one study involving 100 cases and 9 pathologists. In addition to the estimates of the number of observers required, other factors influencing the results of ONEST were examined. The analyses reveal that between six and nine observers (range 2-11) are most commonly needed to give a robust estimate of reproducibility. In addition, the number and experience of observers, the distribution of values around or away from the extremes, and outliers in the classification also influence the results. Due to the simplicity and the potentially relevant information it may give, we propose ONEST to be a part of new reproducibility analyses