2,357 research outputs found
The brachyopoid Hadrokkosaurus bradyi from the early Middle Triassic of Arizona, and a phylogenetic analysis of lower jaw characters in temnospondyl amphibians
The holotype of the brachyopoid temnospondyl Hadrokkosaurus bradyi, represented by a right lower jaw ramus, is reâexâ
amined based upon new data and revision of various morphological features. Additional fragmentary jaw material reâ
ferred to this species is briefly described. Prominent features are a large postsymphyseal foramen that is anteriorly open,
and prearticular and surangular buttresses for support of the articular. Brachyopoid characters include a long and robust
postglenoid area formed by surangular and prearticular, anterior and posterior keels on at least some marginal dentary
teeth, and subtriangular outline of the adductor fossa in dorsal view. Five features of the holotype ramus, long thought to
be at odds with its brachyopoid or temnospondyl nature, are critically reâevaluated. A phylogenetic analysis of lower jaw
characters in temnospondyls retrieves most of the clades found in more comprehensive data sets, but the statistical node
support is low. Brachyopoids are monophyletic, with Hadrokkosaurus emerging as their most basal taxon
Technical innovation changes standard radiographic protocols in veterinary medicine: is it necessary to obtain two dorsoproximal-palmarodistal oblique views of the equine foot when using computerised radiography systems?
Since the 1950s, veterinary practitioners have included two separate dorsoproximalâpalmarodistal oblique (DPrâPaDiO) radiographs as part of a standard series of the equine foot. One image is obtained to visualise the distal phalanx and the other to visualise the navicular bone. However, rapid development of computed radiography and digital radiography and their post-processing capabilities could mean that this practice is no longer required. The aim of this study was to determine differences in perceived image quality between DPrâPaDiO radiographs that were acquired with a computerised radiography system with exposures, centring and collimation recommended for the navicular bone versus images acquired for the distal phalanx but were subsequently manipulated post-acquisition to highlight the navicular bone. Thirty images were presented to four clinicians for quality assessment and graded using a 1â3 scale (1=textbook quality, 2=diagnostic quality, 3=non-diagnostic image). No significant difference in diagnostic quality was found between the original navicular bone images and the manipulated distal phalanx images. This finding suggests that a single DPrâPaDiO image of the distal phalanx is sufficient for an equine foot radiographic series, with appropriate post-processing and manipulation. This change in protocol will result in reduced radiographic study time and decreased patient/personnel radiation exposure
Adaptation processes that build CRISPR immunity: creative destruction, updated
Prokaryotes can defend themselves against invading mobile genetic elements (MGEs) by acquiring immune memory against them. The memory is a DNA database located at specific chromosomal sites called CRISPRs (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) that store fragments of MGE DNA. These are utilised to target and destroy returning MGEs, preventing re-infection. The effectiveness of CRISPR-based immune defence depends on âadaptationâ reactions that capture and integrate MGE DNA fragments into CRISPRs. This provides the means for immunity to be delivered against MGEs in âinterferenceâ reactions. Adaptation and interference are catalysed by Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins, aided by enzymes well known for other roles in cells. We survey the molecular biology of CRISPR adaptation, highlighting entirely new developments that may help us to understand how MGE DNA is captured. We focus on processes in Escherichia coli, punctuated with reference to other prokaryotes that illustrate how common requirements for adaptation, DNA capture and integration, can be achieved in different ways. We also comment on how CRISPR adaptation enzymes, and their antecedents, can be utilised for biotechnology
Relating to the end of life through advance care planning:Expectations and experiences of people with dementia and their family caregivers
Global Challenges (FSW
The Christian Sportsperson: An Introduction
Introduction to the Special Edition of the Journal of the Christian Society for Kinesiology, Leisure and Sport Studies dedicated to scholarship generated from papers presented at the the Second Global Congress on Sport and Christianity, October 23-27, 2019, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
Earth matter density uncertainty in atmospheric neutrino oscillations
That muon neutrinos oscillating into the mixture of tau neutrinos
and sterile neutrinos has been studied to explain the
atmospheric disappearance. In this scenario, the effect of Earth
matter is a key to determine the fraction of . Considering that the
Earth matter density has uncertainty and this uncertainty has significant
effects in some neutrino oscillation cases, such as the CP violation in very
long baseline neutrino oscillations and the day-night asymmetry for solar
neutrinos, we study the effects caused by this uncertainty in the above
atmospheric oscillation scenario. We find that this uncertainty
seems to have no significant effects and that the previous fitting results need
not to be modified fortunately.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Estrogen Regulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha During Dr+ Escherichia Coli Uropathogenesis
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of estrogen in modulating TNF-α responses during Dr+ E.coli infection in mIMCD-3 cells. E2 and ER antagonist ICI-182780 pre-treated mIMCD-3 cells were infected with Dr+ E.coli for 2 and 8 hours. TNF-α and DAF expression at mRNA levels were determined by quantitative Real-time RT-PCR and secreted protein quantified by ELISA. E2 modulated TNF-α mRNA levels at both time points in Dr+ E.coli infected mIMCD-3 cells. ICI-182, 780 and E2 co-treatment of cells reversed the observed E2 effects on TNF-α mRNA. TNF-α mRNA increase in DR+ E.coli infected cells also coincided with down-regulation of DAF mRNA. Significant reversal of DAF mRNA levels was induced by co-treatment of the cells with E2 and ICI. Thus, E2 mediates protective effects against Dr+ E.coli invasion in mIMCD-3 cells by modulating TNF-α and DAF production.Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biolog
New approaches in glass investment casting: Creative practitioners researching and innovating in the field of digital fabrication
© 2014, BLOOMSBURY PUBLISHING PLC. This paper describes a research project aimed at delivering innovation in a combined sphere of digital fabrication and glass investment casting. The project has established an entirely new method for creating glass casting moulds directly from three-dimensional computer files without the need for a physical mould pattern, by using a moulding approach based on Additive Layer Manufacturing (ALM) technology. While the paper includes a narrative of the development of the moulding process, the central argument of the paper is rooted in the projectâs research/innovation methodology. This argument concerns our profile as creative practitioners and the impact this position has on the research/ innovation scenario. Also central in this argument is the use of âemergent methodologiesâ and âreflective practiceâ. A new type of rich media enabled research journal to aid the use of these methodologies was developed as a part of this project and is also presented in this paper
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