Description and evaluation of digital-computer design-analysis program for homopolar inductor alternators

Digital computer program for homopolar inductor alternator electromagnetic design analysi

Energy and economic analysis of total energy systems for residential and commercial buildings

Energy and economic analyses were performed for an on-site power-plant with waste heat recovery. The results show that for any specific application there is a characteristic power conversion efficiency that minimizes fuel consumption, and that efficiencies greater than this do not significantly improve fuel consumption. This type of powerplant appears to be a reasonably attractive investment if higher fuel costs continue

FORTRAN program for induction motor analysis

A FORTRAN program for induction motor analysis is described. The analysis includes calculations of torque-speed characteristics, efficiency, losses, magnetic flux densities, weights, and various electrical parameters. The program is limited to three-phase Y-connected, squirrel-cage motors. Detailed instructions for using the program are given. The analysis equations are documented, and the sources of the equations are referenced. The appendixes include a FORTRAN symbol list, a complete explanation of input requirements, and a list of error messages

Economic competitiveness of fuel cell onsite integrated energy systems

The economic competitiveness of fuel cell onsite integrated energy systems (OS/IES) in residential and commercial buildings is examined. The analysis is carried out for three different buildings with each building assumed to be at three geographic locations spanning a range of climatic conditions. Numerous design options and operating strategies are evaluated and two economic criteria are used to measure economic performance. In general the results show that fuel cell OS/IES's are competitive in most regions of the country if the OS/IES is properly designed. The preferred design is grid connected, makes effective use of the fuel cell's thermal output, and has a fuel cell powerplant sized for the building's base electrical load

Environmental assessment of the 40 kilowatt fuel cell system field test operation

This environmental assessment examines the potential environmental consequences, both adverse and beneficial, of the 40 kW fuel cell system system field test operation. The assessment is of necessity generic in nature since actual test sites were not selected. This assessment provides the basis for determining the need for an environmental impact statement. In addition, this assessment provides siting criteria to avoid or minimize negative environmental impacts and standards for determining candidate test sites, if any, for which site specific assessments may be required

Stat5 Synergizes with T Cell Receptor/Antigen Stimulation in the Development of Lymphoblastic Lymphoma

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are latent transcription factors that mediate a wide range of actions induced by cytokines, interferons, and growth factors. We now report the development of thymic T cell lymphoblastic lymphomas in transgenic mice in which Stat5a or Stat5b is overexpressed within the lymphoid compartment. The rate of lymphoma induction was markedly enhanced by immunization or by the introduction of TCR transgenes. Remarkably, the Stat5 transgene potently induced development of CD8+ T cells, even in mice expressing a class II–restricted TCR transgene, with resulting CD8+ T cell lymphomas. These data demonstrate the oncogenic potential of dysregulated expression of a STAT protein that is not constitutively activated, and that TCR stimulation can contribute to this process

A monoclonal antibody to the insect prothoracicotropic hormone

The prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) is an insect cerebral peptide that stimulates the prothoracic glands to produce the steroid hormone ecdysone thus initiating molting and metamorphosis. "Big" PTTH, one of several molecular forms of the neurohormone, was isolated from brains of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta, and fractionated by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for use in antibody production. A murine polyclonal antiserum and a monoclonal antibody (MAb) have been generated using this highly purified preparation of big PTTH. Antisera and hybridoma supernatants were screened with an indirect, brain whole-mount immunocytological assay, and antibody specificity was confirmed by immunocytological, ELISA, and functional criteria. In brain whole-mount preparations, the MAb (A2H5) and antiserum specifically immunostained the lateral protocerebral neurosecretory cells (L-NSC III), the prothoracicotropes, which produce PTTH. This immunostaining was blocked by preadsorbing the antibodies with big PTTH. Analysis of the elution of HPLC-fractionated big PTTH with an in vitro bioassay for the neurohormone and an ELISA employing the A2H5 MAb resulted in peaks of activity that were superimposable. Finally, the antiserum and A2H5 MAb inhibited big PTTH activation of the prothoracic glands to synthesize ecdysone in the in vitro bioassay for the neurohormone. With these specific antibodies, the organization of the PTTH neuroendocrine axis has been defined. It is now evident that both of the peptidergic neurons that comprise the L-NSC III are prothoracicotropes, and that the corpora allata are the neurohemal organs for the release of big PTTH into the hemolymph. This study indicates that these specific antibodies will be useful in investigations of numerous aspects of the biology of this cerebral neuroendocrine axis

A Switch in the Control of Growth of the Wing Imaginal Disks of Manduca sexta

Background: Insulin and ecdysone are the key extrinsic regulators of growth for the wing imaginal disks of insects. In vitro tissue culture studies have shown that these two growth regulators act synergistically: either factor alone stimulates only limited growth, but together they stimulate disks to grow at a rate identical to that observed in situ. It is generally thought that insulin signaling links growth to nutrition, and that starvation stops growth because it inhibits insulin secretion. At the end of larval life feeding stops but the disks continue to grow, so at that time disk growth has become uncoupled from nutrition. We sought to determine at exactly what point in development this uncoupling occurs. Methodology: Growth and cell proliferation in the wing imaginal disks and hemolymph carbohydrate concentrations were measured at various stages in the last larval instar under experimental conditions of starvation, ligation, rescue, and hormone treatment. Principal Findings: Here we show that in the last larval instar of M. sexta, the uncoupling of nutrition and growth occurs as the larva passes the critical weight. Before this time, starvation causes a decline in hemolymph glucose and trehalose and a cessation of wing imaginal disks growth, which can be rescued by injections of trehalose. After the critical weight the trehalose response to starvation disappears, and the expression of insulin becomes decoupled from nutrition. After the critical weight the wing disks loose their sensitivity to repression by juvenile hormone, and factors from the abdomen, bu