Phosphorus and sulphur nutrition of pastures in high rainfall areas.

J.S.Yeates and M.F.Clarke started these experiments. In January 1990 M.D.A. Bolland replaced J.S. Yeates (who became Regional Manager of the Northern Agricultural Region) as the Research Officer responsible for the management of the long-term experiments, and to continue the research on the topic. In the experiments the fertilizers wee applied in autumn (March-April) in the years listed in the tables. Trial 80AL4 Location: Cuthbert. A new experiment was started in 1989 to compare two partially acidulated rock phosphate (PARP) fertilizers with ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP). Trial 84AL32 Location: Denmark The fertilizers compared are ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP). New (pre 1990) Coastal Superphosphate (NCS), Island (apatite) rock phosphate and Calciphos (500 degrees C crandallite-millisite rock phosphate from Christmas Island). Trial 84AL33 Location: Denmark The phosphatic fertilizers compared were applied once only, in the years 1984 to 1988. the fertilizers compared were: ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP), new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS), Island (apatite) rock phosphate (IRP) and Calciphos (CAL). Data are the mean of three replicates. Trial 84AL35 Location: Denmark Comparison of ordinary (single) superphyosphate (OSP) and new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS as sulphur sources for pasture. The fertilizers were applied at the levels of S shown each year (repeated \u27rates\u27). Data are mean of three replicates. Trial 84HA17 Location: West Harvey. Comparison of different P fertilizers when levels of fertilizer (O, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 100 kg P/ha for each fertilizer) were applied to the same plot each year (i.e. repeated \u27rates\u27). The fertilizers compared were: ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSB), new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS), Island (apatite) rock phosphate (IRP) and Calciphos (CAL). Data are the mean of three replicates. Trial 84HA18 Location: West Harvey To compare several fertilizers as sources of P for pasture. The fertilizers were applied once only in the years listed. The fertilizers compare were ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSB), new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS), Island (apatite) rock phosphate (IRP) and Calciphos (CAL). Data are the mean of three replicates, measure on October 30 1989. Trial 84HA19 Location: West Harvey A comparison of ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP) and new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS) as sulphur sources for pastures. The fertilizers were applied at seven levels, using the same level each year (repeated \u27rates). Data are the mean of three replicates, measured October 31, 1989). Trial 84HA20 Location: West Harvey A comparison of ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP) and new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS) as sulphur sources for pasture. The fertilizer levels were only applied once only in the years listed. Herbage yields were measured on October 31, 1989. Trial 84HA24 Location: Pinjarra Comparison of four sources of phosphorous as fertilizers for pastures. The fertilizers compared are ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSB), new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS), Island (apatite) rock phosphate (IRP) and Calciphos (CAL). The fertilizers were applied at the same levels listed each year (repeated \u27rates\u27). Yields were measure on October 23, 1989. Trial 84HA25 Location: Pinjarra Comparison of the effectiveness of different P fertilizers for pasture production. The fertilizers compared are ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSB), new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS), Island (apatite) rock phosphate (IRP) and Calciphos (CAL). Levels of each P fertilizer were applied once only in the years listed. Results are the mean of three replicates, and yields were measured on October 19, 1989. Trial 84HA26 Location: Pinjarra This experiment compares ordinary superphosphate (OSP) and new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS) as sulphur sources for pastures. The levels of each fertilizer listed in the table were applied every year (repeated \u27rates\u27). Data are mean of three replicates. Yields are measured on October 26, 1989. Trial 84HA27 Location: Pinjarra Comparison of ordinary superphosphate (OSP) and new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS) as sulphur sources for pastures when levels of the fertilizers were applied once only in the years listed. Yields were measured on October 23, 1989. Trial 84HA28 Location: Yarloop. Comparison of different P fertilizers for pasture productions. The fertilizers were applied at the levels listed every year (repeated \u27rates\u27). The fertilizers compared were ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP), new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS), Island (apatite) rock phosphate (IRP) and Calciphos (CAL). Trial 84HA28 (1989 PARP trial) Location: Yarloop In 1989, two P fertilizers were compared in a new experiment adjacent to the original 1984 experiment. The fertilizers compared were ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP) and the new 1989 partially acidulated rock phosphate (PARP) made by CSBP and Farmers Ltd from North Carolina reactive apatite rock phosphate. Data are mean of three replicates. Yields were measured on October 27, 1989. Trial 86HA1 Location: Cookernup Comparison of different fertilizers as P sources for pasture. The fertilizers were applied at the levels listed every year (repeated \u27rates\u27). The fertilizers compared are ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP) , new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate , Island (apatite) rock phosphate (IRP) and North Carolina (reactive apatite) rock phosphate (NCRP). Data are means of three replicates. Yields were measured on November 2, 1989. Trial 86HA2 Location: Coolup. The experiment compare ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP), new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate, Island (low-reactive apatite) rock phosphate (IRP) and North Carolina (reactive apatite) rock phosphate (NCRP) as P fertilizers for pasture. The fertilizers were applied at the levels shown in the table every year (repeated \u27rates). Data are the mean of three replicates. Yields were measured on November 3, 1989). Trial 88V10 Location: Vasse Research Station The experiment compares ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP), new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS) and Island (apatite) rock phosphate (IRP) a P fertilizers for pasture. These fertilizers are applied at the levels listed in the table each year (repeated \u27rates\u27). Data are the mean of three replicates. Yields are measured on October 17, 1989. Trial 88V11 Location: Vasse Research Station This experiment compares ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP), new coastal superphosphate (NCS) as sulphur fertilizers for pastures. The fertilizers were applied at the levels listed in the table each year (repeated \u27rates\u27). Data are the mean of three replicates. Yields were measured on October 17, 1989

The Impact of Design Correlations on Rate-based Modeling of a Large Scale CO2 Capture with MEA

AbstractHydrodynamics and mass transfer correlations for the design of structured packed columns have been studied in order to compare the effect of different design correlations on the rate-based modeling of a large scale CO2 capture process with a chemical solvent. The commonly used correlations like the Bravo et al.,[1] and Billet and Schultes [2] were applied in this study for the prediction of mass transfer in an absorber column. Two cases are considered: absorption of CO2 from a gas-fired power plant (430 MWe) and absorption of CO2 from a coal-fired power plant (800 MWe). In this work a scale-up analysis with respect to the effect of correlations used on the performance of the system for CO2 capture with MEA was done within the Aspen RateSep simulator. The study showed that there is significant uncertainty associated with applying the proposed correlations for large scale packed columns for capturing CO2 from gas-fired and coal-fired power plants. The height of packed column varies in both gas-fired and coal-fired power plants with the selected correlations. It was found that there is more uncertainty in using the selected correlations for absorption of CO2 from gas fired power plant compared to a coal-fired power plant because of the lower CO2 concentration. The differences are caused by both the mass transfer and the effective interfacial area models

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Suplementacao energetica e energetico-proteica para vacas em lactacao durante a epoca da seca.

bitstream/item/90984/1/CT-08-Suplementacao-energetica.pd

Pediatric Cushing disease: disparities in disease severity and outcomes in the Hispanic and African-American populations.

BackgroundLittle is known about the contribution of racial and socioeconomic disparities to severity and outcomes in children with Cushing disease (CD).MethodsA total of 129 children with CD, 45 Hispanic/Latino or African-American (HI/AA) and 84 non-Hispanic White (non-HW), were included in this study. A 10-point index for rating severity (CD severity) incorporated the degree of hypercortisolemia, glucose tolerance, hypertension, anthropomorphic measurements, disease duration, and tumor characteristics. Race, ethnicity, age, gender, local obesity prevalence, estimated median income, and access to care were assessed in regression analyses of CD severity.ResultsThe mean CD severity in the HI/AA group was worse than that in the non-HW group (4.9±2.0 vs. 4.1±1.9, P=0.023); driving factors included higher cortisol levels and larger tumor size. Multiple regression models confirmed that race (P=0.027) and older age (P=0.014) were the most important predictors of worse CD severity. When followed up a median of 2.3 years after surgery, the relative risk for persistent CD combined with recurrence was 2.8 times higher in the HI/AA group compared with that in the non-HW group (95% confidence interval: 1.2-6.5).ConclusionOur data show that the driving forces for the discrepancy in severity of CD are older age and race/ethnicity. Importantly, the risk for persistent and recurrent CD was higher in minority children

Tracking mite trophic interactions by multiplex PCR

BACKGROUND A thorough knowledge of trophic webs in agroecosystems is essential to achieve successful biological pest control. Phytoseiid mites are the most efficient natural enemies of tetranychid mites, which include several important pests worldwide. Nevertheless, phytoseiids may feed on other food sources including other microarthropods, plants and even other phytoseiids (intraguild predation), which can interfere with biological control services. Molecular gut content analysis is a valuable tool for characterizing trophic interactions, mainly when working on microarthropods such as mites. We have designed new primers for Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae and Thysanoptera identification and they have been multiplexed in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) together with universal plant primers. Additionally, we have estimated prey DNA detectability success over time (DS50) considering the most probable events in Spanish citrus orchards: the phytoseiid Euseius stipulatus as a predator, the phytoseiid Phytoseiulus persimilis as intraguild prey, and the thrips Frankliniella occidentalis and Anaphothrips obscurus as alternative prey to Tetranychus urticae. RESULTS The designed multiplex PCR allows the identification of phytoseiids (both predator and intraguild prey) and detects alternative food sources mentioned above in the gut of the phytoseiid predator. DS50 for E. stipulatus as the predator were 1.3, 2.3 and 18.7 h post feeding for F. occidentalis, A. obscurus and P. persimilis as prey, respectively. CONCLUSION Tracking of the trophic relationships within the citrus acarofauna, and the unveiling of the role of alternative food sources will pave the way for enhancing T. urticae biological control. This multiplex PCR approach could be applicable for these purposes in similar agroecosystems

Protected areas: a resource or constraint for local people?

We investigated local people’s perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes toward conservation planning and management in Chitral Gol National Park in North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan. A literature review was undertaken to unravel the historic drivers behind the formation of this protected area. Key informant interviews and questionnaire surveys were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of current governance approaches adopted by the park management authorities. Community-based questionnaire surveys and key-informant interviews focused on local communities’ knowledge and awareness of the objectives of the park, people’s role in decision-making, social characteristics, and resource use structures. The information from these surveys was evaluated within the context of good governance and sustainability of park management. Results show a lack of awareness and a low level of participation in protected area management, but a high degree of willingness in the communities to participate in conservation activities. An analysis of the survey data suggests that the park authorities enforce strict protection measures within the park, but this approach lacks a strong vision of sustainability. The surveys reveal that the local people have a very strong sense of belonging to the place and are willing to contribute to the protection of the PA. A large majority of the respondents rely on electronic media as their main source of information, which could potentially form the best medium for conservation campaigning in the region. With these findings in mind, we propose changes to the current governance model for effective and sustainable management of the park in the future