Possibility expectation and its decision making algorithm

The fuzzy integral has been shown to be an effective tool for the aggregation of evidence in decision making. Of primary importance in the development of a fuzzy integral pattern recognition algorithm is the choice (construction) of the measure which embodies the importance of subsets of sources of evidence. Sugeno fuzzy measures have received the most attention due to the recursive nature of the fabrication of the measure on nested sequences of subsets. Possibility measures exhibit an even simpler generation capability, but usually require that one of the sources of information possess complete credibility. In real applications, such normalization may not be possible, or even desirable. In this report, both the theory and a decision making algorithm for a variation of the fuzzy integral are presented. This integral is based on a possibility measure where it is not required that the measure of the universe be unity. A training algorithm for the possibility densities in a pattern recognition application is also presented with the results demonstrated on the shuttle-earth-space training and testing images

Effects of static stretching on muscular power in female collegiate soccer players.

Current literature over the effects of static stretching on muscular power is inconsistent. A better understanding of the effects of static stretching could help improve athletic performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute and delayed effects of static stretching on muscular power performance in female collegiate soccer players. The participants were healthy, uninjured volunteers who were soccer players from the University of Central Oklahoma women’s soccer team (n = 13). Each participant was led through a dynamic only stretching condition and a combination stretching condition. The focus of the stretching conditions was the large muscle groups of the lower body. The two stretching conditions were completed on nonconsecutive days in the same week. Following the stretching condition, the participant completed three trials of a countermovement jump (CMJ), three trials of a instep kick, and two trials of the Illinois Agility Test (IAT) for the acute testing. The participants then had a 30-minute rest period followed by another round of CMJ, instep kicking, and IAT trials to complete the delayed testing. Dependent t-tests were completed to compare the acute and delayed testing of the dynamic only and combination conditions. The results indicated non-significant differences between the acute dynamic only stretching condition and combination stretching conditions, as well as between the delayed dynamic only stretching condition and combination stretching condition (p < .05). Researchers concluded that there is no significant effect of static stretching on muscular power performance in female collegiate soccer players. Although the calculated effect sizes of the study did show trends of static stretching having a positive effect on muscular power for all variables except for acute CMJ heights and acute and delayed IAT performance. Future research should assess the effects of static stretching on muscular power in larger sample size of female and male collegiate soccer players

A Comparison of the Values Between Male Athletic Participants and Non-Participants Attending St. Boniface Diocesan High School

The purpose of the study was to compare the values of selected high school male athletic participants and non- participants enrolled in grades ten to twelve at St. Boniface Diocesan High School. The instrument used was the Allport- Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values. The purpose of the test was to measure the relative prominence of six basic interests as motives in personality. The population chosen for this research study was the finite population of the male students enrolled at St. Boniface Diocesan High School during the 1974-75 school year. Hie population was divided into two strata: athletic partici pants and non-participants. A random sample of stibjects was then taken from each stratum, using random table of numbers. The tests were hand scored and points assigned to each of the six measured values. Means and standard deviations were calculated for each variable, for each of the two groups The means and standard deviations wei\u27e then compared between the participant, non-participant and national norm groups. The t test was calculated to determine the significance of the comparisons. There were no significant differences when the t test was calculated at .05 level of significance and 59 degrees of freedom between the participant and non-participant, group. There was a significant difference between the nonparticipant group and the national norm group on the social scale. The t test calculations at .05 level of significance and 29 degrees of freedom showed that the non-participants scored significantly higher on the social scale. There were significant differences between the participants and the national norm group. The t test calculations at .05 level of significance and 29 degrees of freedom showed that the participants scored higher on the social scale and lower on the theoretical and religious scale than the national norm grouo

On Learning the Invisible in Photoacoustic Tomography with Flat Directionally Sensitive Detector

In photoacoustic tomography (PAT) with flat sensor, we routinely encounter two types of limited data. The first is due to using a finite sensor and is especially perceptible if the region of interest is large relatively to the sensor or located farther away from the sensor. In this paper, we focus on the second type caused by a varying sensitivity of the sensor to the incoming wavefront direction which can be modelled as binary i.e. by a cone of sensitivity. Such visibility conditions result, in Fourier domain, in a restriction of both the image and the data to a bowtie, akin to the one corresponding to the range of the forward operator. The visible ranges, in image and data domains, are related by the wavefront direction mapping. We adapt the wedge restricted Curvelet decomposition, we previously proposed for the representation of the full PAT data, to separate the visible and invisible wavefronts in the image. We optimally combine fast approximate operators with tailored deep neural network architectures into efficient learned reconstruction methods which perform reconstruction of the visible coefficients and the invisible coefficients are learned from a training set of similar data.Comment: Submitted to SIAM Journal on Imaging Science

Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU): An Overlooked Opportunity for Occupational Therapists to Fill a Gap in Health Care Service

Sleep hygiene is well-established in the scope of occupational therapy practice; however, this occupation is rarely addressed in the intensive care unit (ICU). The majority of health care practitioners believe patients experience reduced sleep quality in the ICU, which can negatively impact patient outcomes. Through a review of the literature, this paper identifies common factors that negatively influence sleep quality and duration and proposes evidence-based interventions to improve patients’ sleep. Factors that influence sleep and fall in the domain of occupational therapy practice include the environment, psychosocial elements, and patient care. Occupational therapists can use interventions, such as orienting patients during the day, creating sleep-promoting routines, and educating patients on the use of adaptive equipment (earplugs, eye masks, or sound machines for relaxing music). Role confusion and a lack of prioritization of sleep have led to the occupation of rest and sleep not being addressed. This paper will suggest implications for the future of the profession that includes establishing leadership positions on a multidisciplinary team to improve patients’ sleep

Constraints on the Spin-Pole Orientation, Jet Morphology and Rotation of Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov with Deep HST Imaging

We present high resolution, deep imaging of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov taken with the Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 (HST/WFC3) on 2019 December 8 UTC and 2020 January 27 UTC (HST GO 16040, PI Bolin) before and after its perihelion passage in combination with HST/WFC3 images taken on 2019 October 12 UTC and 2019 November 16 UTC (HST GO/DD 16009, PI Jewitt) before its outburst and fragmentation of March 2020, thus observing the comet in a relatively undisrupted state. We locate 1-2\arcsec~long (2,000 - 3,000 km projected length) jet-like structures near the optocenter of 2I that appear to change position angles from epoch to epoch. With the assumption that the jet is located near the rotational pole supported by its stationary appearance on $\sim$10-100 h time frames in HST images, we determine that 2I's pole points near $\alpha$ = 322$\pm$10$^\circ$, $\delta$ = 37$\pm$10$^\circ$ ($\lambda$ = 341$^\circ$, $\beta$ = 48$^\circ$) and may be in a simple rotation state. Additionally, we find evidence for possible periodicity in the HST time-series lightcurve on the time scale of $\sim$5.3 h with a small amplitude of $\sim$0.05 mag implying a lower limit on its $b/a$ ratio of $\sim$1.5 unlike the large $\sim$2 mag lightcurve observed for 1I/`Oumuamua. However, these small lightcurve variations may not be the result of the rotation of 2I's nucleus due to its dust-dominated light-scattering cross-section. Therefore, uniquely constraining the pre-Solar System encounter, pre-outburst rotation state of 2I may not be possible even with the resolution and sensitivity provided by HST observations.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures and 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS on 23 July 202

Rotation periods and colours of 10-m scale near-Earth asteroids from CFHT target of opportunity streak photometry

The rotational properties of $\sim$10~m-scale asteroids are poorly understood with only a few measurements. Additionally, collisions or thermal recoil can spin their rotations to periods less than a few seconds obfuscating their study due to the observational cadence imposed by the long read-out times of charge-coupled device imagers. We present a method to measure the rotation periods of 10~m-scale asteroids using the target of opportunity capability of the Canada France Hawaii Telescope and its MegaCam imager by intentionally streaking their detections in single exposures when they are at their brightest. Periodic changes in brightness as small as $\sim$0.05 mag along the streak can be measured as short as a few seconds. Additionally, the streak photometry is taken in multiple g, r, and i filter exposures enabling the measurement of asteroid colours. The streak photometry method was tested on CFHT observations of three 10~m-scale asteroids, 2016 GE$_1$, 2016 CG$_{18}$, and 2016 EV$_{84}$. Our 3 targets are among the smallest known asteroids with measured rotation periods/colours having some of the shortest known rotation periods. We compare our rotation period and taxonomic results with independent data from the literature and discuss applications of the method to future small asteroid observations.Comment: Revised version, MNRAS:L, 13 pages, 10 figures, 3 table

Incubation humidity as an environmental stressor on the osmoregulatory developmental program of the chicken, Gallus gallus domesticus.

Fetal programming results from stressors during fetal development and may influence the occurrence of disease later in life. Maternal nutritional status and/or environment can affect renal development by inducing limited nephron endowment at birth, which results in diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease in mammals. Birds are likely to be effective models for this process because, like mammals, they have high pressure cardiovascular systems, mammalian-type nephrons and are homeothermic. This project uses the chicken embryo to explore physiological responses of disrupted hydration state thereby providing insights into renal fetal programming. Under normal conditions the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and developing avian kidney work in unison to ensure a proper balance of ions and water within the egg. White leghorn chicken eggs were incubated at 37.5oC±0.5oC and either 85% relative humidity. Amniotic fluid serves as the drinking source for the embryo late in development; its composition is important to salt and water homeostasis. High amniotic fluid osmolality increased the blood osmolality for embryos exposed to low humidity incubation thereby indirectly influencing the renal developmental program of the embryos from this group. Indeed estimated filtering capacity was doubled in the low humidity group (6.77 ± 0.43 mm3) compared to normal (4.80 ± 0.33 mm3) and high (3.97 ± 0.30 mm3) humidity groups. The increased filtering capacity seen for those embryos from low humidity may indicate the ability for more efficient recovery of water if similarly stressed as an adult bird. All embryo populations maintained similar oxygen consumption (0.075 ml/min - 0.37 ml/min), hematocrit (15 % - 32 %) and hemoglobin values (4 g/dl - 9 g/dl), thus displaying control over these aspects of the internal environment despite the obvious environmental insult of extreme incubation humidity. These results signify the embryo's immature kidney, along with lower gastrointestinal tract, functions much like the adult form maintaining homeostasis, although the mechanisms may differ. The overall benefits of this research included better understanding of the role the kidney during embryonic development and determining whether environmental factors, such as humidity, leave an imprint on morphological and physiological aspects of the urinary system of the embryo and water compartments of the egg