Secondary business districts in Ljubljana: Analysis of conditions and assessment of planned development

This paper presents secondary business districts in Ljubljana according to the conditions in the 2008 proposal of the City of Ljubljana spatial plan. The introduction first clarifies the term “secondary business district” and continues by presenting the basic typology of secondary business districts, which is based on a historical approach and represents an inventory of these districts in Ljubljana. Selected features of these districts are presented, especially from the business viewpoint. The structure of companies, the time of their establishment, capital ownership and size are presented in greater detail. The second part analyses the draft spatial plan in order to determine the future changes in secondary business districts, their creation and disappearance. Simple criteria are used to critically assess the City of Ljubljana draft spatial plan and identify the six most critical secondary business districts that deviate significantly from these criteria

Cultural industry as a result of new city tertiarization

The article introduces a new form of economic activities, which has attracted much attention during the past years. This new form is cultural industry, a term which defines a certain part of tertiary activities, the importance of which is rapidly gaining in importance within cities. The term cultural industry includes all highly specialized services, which provide products and services, that have a higher symbolic than material value and trade with intellectual property rights. The article provides precise definitions of cultural industry and an empirical presentation in the case of Ljubljana. Furthermore the article also implies possible consequences of cultural industry on the economic and spatial development of cities

Clinical outcomes of remote ischemic preconditioning prior to cardiac surgery: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background Multiple randomized controlled trials of remote ischemic preconditioning ( RIPC ) prior to cardiac surgery have failed to demonstrate clinical benefit. The aim of this updated meta‐analysis was to evaluate the effect of RIPC on outcomes following cardiac surgery. Methods and Results Searches of PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE , and Web of Science databases were performed for 1970 to December 13, 2015. Randomized controlled trials comparing RIPC with a sham procedure prior to cardiac surgery performed with cardiopulmonary bypass were assessed. All‐cause mortality, acute kidney injury ( AKI ), and myocardial infarction were the primary outcomes of interest. We identified 21 trials that randomized 5262 patients to RIPC or a sham procedure prior to undergoing cardiac surgery. The majority of patients were men (72.6%) and the mean or median age ranged from 42.3 to 76.3 years. Of the 9 trials that evaluated mortality, 188 deaths occurred out of a total of 4210 randomized patients, with 96 deaths occurring in 2098 patients (4.6%) randomized to RIPC and 92 deaths occurring in 2112 patients (4.4%) randomized to a sham control procedure, demonstrating no significant reduction in all‐cause mortality (risk ratio [RR], 0.987; 95% CI , 0.653–1.492, P =0.95). Twelve studies evaluated AKI in 4209 randomized patients. In these studies, AKI was observed in 516 of 2091 patients (24.7%) undergoing RIPC and in 577 of 2118 patients (27.2%) randomized to a sham procedure. RIPC did not result in a significant reduction in AKI ( RR , 0.839; 95% CI , 0.703–1.001 [ P =0.052]). In 6 studies consisting of 3799 randomized participants, myocardial infarction occurred in 237 of 1891 patients (12.5%) randomized to RIPC and in 282 of 1908 patients (14.8%) randomized to a sham procedure, resulting in no significant reduction in postoperative myocardial infarction ( RR , 0.809; 95% CI , 0.615–1.064 [ P =0.13]). A subgroup analysis was performed a priori based on previous studies suggesting that propofol may mitigate the protective benefits of RIPC . Three studies randomized patients undergoing cardiac surgery to RIPC or sham procedure in the absence of propofol anesthesia. Most of these patients were men (60.3%) and the mean or median age ranged from 57.0 to 70.6 years. In this propofol‐free subgroup of 434 randomized patients, 71 of 217 patients (32.7%) who underwent RIPC developed AKI compared with 103 of 217 patients (47.5%) treated with a sham procedure. In this cohort, RIPC resulted in a significant reduction in AKI ( RR , 0.700; 95% CI , 0.527–0.930 [ P =0.014]). In studies of patients who received propofol anesthesia, 445 of 1874 (23.7%) patients randomized to RIPC developed AKI compared with 474 of 1901 (24.9%) who underwent a sham procedure. The RR for AKI was 0.928 (95% CI , 0.781–1.102; P =0.39) for RIPC versus sham. There was no significant interaction between the two subgroups ( P =0.098). Conclusions RIPC does not reduce morbidity or mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. In the subgroup of studies in which propofol was not used, a reduction in AKI was seen, suggesting that propofol may interact with the protective effects of RIPC . Future studies should evaluate RIPC in the absence of propofol anesthesia. </jats:sec

Variety of industrial towns in Slovenia: a typology of their economic performance

The aim of this paper is to make a typology of industrial towns according to their economic performance and to establish place-specific local factors influencing the typology and their territorial distribution. We collected 15 indicators of economic performance for 23 small industrial towns in Slovenia, and with the method of Principle Component Analysis with k-means clustering made a typology of small industrial towns. The results show a great variety of small industrial towns, with many of them having a strong economic performance. In discussion, we are relating the findings with overall transformation of industry in the post-socialist context, the re-industrialisation tendencies and place-specific factors such as peripherality and specific historic events (polycentric policies). We conclude with the call to continue studying small industrial towns through the prism of opportunities and to address their weaknesses and maximise their place-specific strengths

Changes in Employee Commuting: A Comparative Analysis of Employee Commuting to Major Slovenian Employment Centers from 2000 to 2009

This paper discusses changes in employee commuting in the ten largest Slovenian employment centers from 2000 to 2009. Based on analysis of the SRDAP database, changes are presented in employee commuter routes between source and target municipalities. The results show a significant increase in both the scope of employee commuting and number of routes. Reasons for these changes are explained by the construction of freeway infrastructure, which has made it possible to travel faster from one municipality to another and to commute to employment centers. The scope and direction of commuting also depend on changes in the socioeconomic structure of the urban system, especially suburbanization, the economic crisis affecting local employment centers, and changing job locations within the regions themselves

Ekonomska preobrazba slovenskih mest

The economic transition in Slovenia has undoubtedly led to major changes in Slovene urban landscape. The political transition in the 1990-ies was only the beginning of other fundamental processes that followed: the socialistic economic system started collapsing, new markets emerged and cities were exposed to global socioeconomic forces. Slovene cities were and still are at the forefront of the mentioned change. Major spatial, cultural, social and other transformations as results of the economic transition can be seen and felt by citizens, workers and visitors.Monografija je pregled aktualnega dogajanja v slovenskih mestih in vpliva na vsakodnevno življenje. Izhaja iz sodobnih konceptov, kot so globalizacija, postfordistična proizvodnja, pomen ustvarjalnosti in inovativnosti. S temi koncepti skuša razložiti in tolmačiti spremembe v urbanem sistemu in zgradbi mest. Slovenska mesta so se v povprečju terciarizirala, zlasti so postale pomembne tržne storitve. Del slovenskih mest je še vedno »na prehodu« med industrijsko in postindustrijsko fazo. Nekatera mesta ne zmorejo priti na storitveno stopnjo in se soočajo z brezposelnostjo, nekatera imajo bolj neofordističen značaj. Nekatera regionalna središča bodo najverjetneje sledila Ljubljani, ki izkazuje najvišjo stopnjo preobrazbe. Slovenska mesta so del globalne mreže in doživljajo podobne spremembe kot druga mesta in urbani sistemi po svetu

Daily Mobility of Workers in Slovenia

The paper deals with the phenomenon of commuting to work in Slovenia and describes the basic patterns, causes, and consequences of the daily mobility of workers. An important part of the study is establishing the areas of employment attraction of selected urban settlements and their consequences on the phenomena of regional identity, suburbanization, and motorization

Spreminjanje prometne rabe zemljišč v Sloveniji

It is clear that different types of the population's mobility have an impact on the transportation land use and thereby shape our living environment. According to the land cadastre data Slovenia has 465 km2 of transportation land use, which represents more than 2 % of the country's surface. The transportation land use areas are expanding in the last decade, although slower than other built-up areas. The transportation land use analysis on the state level indicates those areas of Slovenia, where the level of transportation land use has risen the most. These are areas with a new transportation infrastructure (roads, railroads), tourist and some other (sub)urbanized areas. The results have shown that local political and planning decision-making represents an important factor in the increase of the transportation land use in Slovene towns.Načini mobilnosti prebivalstva vplivajo na prometno rabo zemljišč in s tem oblikujejo prostor, v katerem živimo. Po podatkih zemljiškega katastra je v Sloveniji 465 km2 prometne rabe, kar predstavlja več kot polovico vseh pozidanih površin oziroma dobra 2 % celotne površine Slovenije. Prometna raba v zadnjem desetletju narašča, a počasneje kot ostala pozidana raba, kar morda nakazuje na večjo racionalnost poselitve v Sloveniji. Analiza prometne rabe na državni ravni kaže na območja, ki najbolj pridobivajo prometno rabo. To so območja z novo prometno infrastrukturo (ceste, železnice), pa tudi turistična ter nekatera (sub)urbanizirana območja. Rezultati kažejo, da so lokalne politične in načrtovalske odločitve zelo pomemben dejavnik rasti prometne rabe v slovenskih mestih

Models of stakeholder collaboration in food tourism experiences

This study explores the role of stakeholders in creating and managing food tourism experiences. The main aim was to discover who participates in this process, why, and how. The research is based on interviews and participatory observation of twenty-two case studies mainly located in rural areas in eight Mediterranean countries. The paper focuses on two types of food experience: food events and food services with additional subtypes. The results reveal three models of stakeholder collaboration: one typical for events, one typical for services, and one emphasizing more direct interaction between visitors and local communities. The findings show diversity in the connections among stakeholders, who have different motives and roles in food experiences