39 research outputs found
Utilization and Cost of Log Production from Animal Logging Operations
Forest harvesting with animals is a labor-intensive operation. It is expensive to use machines on smaller woodlots, which require frequent moves if mechanically logged. So, small logging systems using animals may be more cost effective. In this study, work sampling was used for five animal logging operations in Alabama to measure productive and non-productive time elements to determine utilization with respect to operators, functions (felling and processing of trees, skidding, loading, and forwarding of logs), animals, and machines. Cost of log production was calculated from the figures reported by owners and the crew members. Average utilization of crew was 58 percent, animals (horses and mules) were utilized only 22 percent and the machines were utilized from 5 to 74 percent of scheduled time. Average cost of log production per m3 was $11.28. There appears to be an opportunity to reduce cost of log production by coordinating functions, increasing scheduled work hours, utilization of machines and animals, and reducing labor cost
The functional form of the lognormal distribution as a sum of decaying exponential and sinusoidal terms applied to the isometric pinch force of human fingers
High expansion foam systems for inside air - Literature review and fire tests. Brandforsk project 609-971
Framtagning av underlag till rekommendatiner för förvaring av brandfarlig vara i försÀljningsstÀllen
Koldioxidavtryck & Konsumentköpbeslut Online
Sustainable consumption is used to describe consumer behaviors which aim to reduce environmental impact. One way of measuring sustainable consumption is by tracking productsâ carbon footprint. Today however, there is limited research on how carbon footprint information is influencing consumers online, and few online tools which allow consumers to track carbon footprints for specific products before the point of purchase. The purpose of the thesis is to design a sustainability tool which contains product level carbon footprint information as well as to test and evaluate how the information affects sustainable consumption. Theory from the fields of Human Computer Interaction and Carbon Footprint research was used in a multi-method qualitative study. Expert interviews and qualitative usability tests were conducted during the thesis as means of collecting empirical data. The study concludes that carbon footprint information should be introduced in the search phase of the consumer journey. The information should then progressively become more detailed as the consumer approaches the point of purchase. The study found that displaying carbon footprint information affects sustainable consumption positively in the tested online environment. However, personal preference and cost constitute a large part of consumers' choices as well. The study extends the research on carbon footprints by including results from an online environment. Future research should be conducted using quantitative methods to validate the results of this study on larger samples. Other product categories should also be tested as a way of investigating if the same consumption patterns emerge across different product categories.HĂ„llbar konsumtion anvĂ€nds för att beskriva konsumentbeteenden med syfte att minska miljöpĂ„verkan. Ett sĂ€tt att mĂ€ta hĂ„llbar konsumtion Ă€r genom att spĂ„ra produkters koldioxidavtryck. I dag Ă€r dock forskningen kring hur koldioxidavtrycksinformation pĂ„verkar konsumenter online begrĂ€nsad, och fĂ„ verktyg tillĂ„ter konsumenter att spĂ„rasina koldioxidavtryck för specifika produkter innan köp. Syftet med studien Ă€r att designa ett hĂ„llbarhetsverktyg med information om koldioxidavtryck pĂ„ produktnivĂ„ samt att testa och utvĂ€rdera hur informationen pĂ„verkar hĂ„llbar konsumtion. Teori frĂ„n omrĂ„dena MĂ€nniska-datorinteraktion samt Koldioxidavtrycksforskning anvĂ€ndes i en kvalitativ multimetodstudie. Expertintervjuer samt kvalitativa anvĂ€ndbarhetstester genomfördes under studien som ett sĂ€tt att samla in empirisk data. Slutsatsen frĂ„n studien visar att information om koldioxidavtryck bör introduceras i sökfasen av konsumentresan. Koldioxidinformationen bör sedan successivt bli mer detaljerad nĂ€r konsumenten nĂ€rmar sig köptillfĂ€llet. Studien pĂ„visar att koldioxidavtrycksinformation pĂ„verkar hĂ„llbar konsumtion positivt i den testade onlinemiljön. Dock pĂ„verkar Ă€ven personlig preferens samt kostnad konsumenternasval. Studien utökar forskningen om koldioxidavtryck genom att inkludera resultat frĂ„n en onlinemiljö. Framtida forskning bör utföras med hjĂ€lp av kvantitativa metoder för att validera resultaten av denna studie pĂ„ en större urvalsgrupp. Ăven andra produktkategorier bör testas som ett sĂ€tt att undersöka om samma konsumtionsmönster uppstĂ„r över olika produktkategorier