The existence of bistable stationary solutions of random dynamical systems generated by stochastic differential equations and random difference equations

In this thesis, we study the existence of stationary solutions for two cases. One is for random difference equations. For this, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the stationary solutions in a finite-dimensional Euclidean space Rd by applying the coupling method. The other one is for semi linear stochastic evolution equations. For this case, we follows Mohammed, Zhang and Zhao [25]'s work. In an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space H, we release the Lipschitz constant restriction by using Arzela-Ascoli compactness argument. And we also weaken the globally bounded condition for F by applying forward and backward Gronwall inequality and coupling method

Perpustakaan Umum Malang Dengan Kombinasi Taman Vertikal Dan Ventilasi Untuk Perancangan Ruang Baca

Kualitas udara dalam ruang merupakan sebuah interaksi yang dapat berubah baiksecara konstan mau pun tidak yang diakibatkan oleh beberapa faktor yangmempengaruhi baik dari lingkungan luar mau pun lingkungan dalam. Salah saturuangan yang berpotensi tinggi untuk mengalami masalah polusi udara dalam ruangadalah ruang perpustakaan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kondisi lingkungan eksternalseperti debu yang terbawa angin dan kondisi internal yaitu bakteri yang terbawa padabuku-buku lama yang dihirup oleh pelaku aktifitas perpustakaan. Dari faktor eksternal,salah satu penyebabnya ialah debu, tanah, dan polutan yang terbawa di udara masuk kedalam ruang perpustakaan. Pengoperasian sistem ventilasi bangunan berperan pentingdalam membawa udara masuk ke dalam ruangan. Salah satu strategi yang telahdisebutkan ialah penggunaan filter. Filter pada ventilasi berfungsi sebagai penyerappolusi yang terbawa angin luar masuk ke ruang dalam. Terdapat beberapa cara untukfiltrasi pada bangunan salah satunya adalah taman vertikal. Diharapkan penggunaankombinasi taman vertikal dan ventilasi dapat menjadi sumber penghawaan alami yangtetap memperhatikan kualitas udara dalam pada perpustakaan agar masalah buruknyakualitas udara ruang dalam pada perpustakaan dapat direduksi

Effect of Ensiled Mulberry Leaves and Sun-Dried Mulberry Fruit Pomace on Finishing Steer Growth Performance, Blood Biochemical Parameters, and Carcass Characteristics

<div><p>Fifty-one Simmental crossbred steers (357.0±16.5 kg) were used to compare a standard total mix ration (TMR) with variants on animal performance, ruminal fermentation, blood biochemical parameters, and carcass characteristics. Corn grain and cotton seed meal were partially replaced by ensiled mulberry leaves (EML) or sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace (SMFP). Experimental diets had similar amounts of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and metabolizable energy (ME). Animals were divided into three groups: control group (CONT), 8% EML group, and 6.3% SMFP group. Performance, including average daily weight gain (ADG), and dry matter intake (DMI), was measured. Blood and rumen samples were collected at the end of the experiment (16 weeks). There were no differences in final body weight (<i>P</i> = 0.743), ADG (<i>P</i> = 0.425), DMI (<i>P</i> = 0.642), or ADG/DMI (<i>P</i> = 0.236) between the groups. There were no differences (<i>P</i> = 0.2024) in rumen pH values; ammonia N was lower (<i>P</i> = 0.0076) in SMFP than in the EML and CONT groups. There were differences in the concentrations of total and individual volatile fatty acids, while no differences were determined in blood biochemical parameters (i.e., plasma glucose, urea concentrations, triglycerides, total protein, insulin, IgG, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase, <i>P</i> ≥ 0.098). No differences were observed in carcass characteristics (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.513), tenderness (<i>P</i> = 0.844), adipose and lean color values (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.149), and chemical composition (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.400); however, intramuscular fat was lower in the EML and SMFP groups compared to the CONT animals (<i>P</i> = 0.034). In conclusion, diets supplemented with these two mulberry products in an isocaloric and isonitrogenous manner have similar effects to corn grain and cotton seed meals on steer performance, blood biochemical parameters and carcass characteristics, with the exception of ruminal VFA concentrations and lower intramuscular fat content.</p></div

Rumen fermentation of finishing steers fed a total mixed ration supplemented with ensiled mulberry leaves (EML) or sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace (SMFP).

<p>¹ CONT  =  control; EML  =  ensiled mulberry leaves; SMFP  =  sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace.</p><p>^a,b Values in the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (<i>P</i><0.05).</p

WBSF and chemical composition of steak samples of finishing steer fed a total mixed ration supplemented with ensiled mulberry leaves (EML) or sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace (SMFP).

<p>¹ CONT  =  control; EML  =  ensiled mulberry leaves; SMFP  =  sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace.</p><p>² WBSF  =  Warner-Bratzler shear force values of tenderness.</p><p>^a,b Values in the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (<i>P</i><0.05).</p

Carcass characteristics of finishing steers fed a total mixed ration supplemented with ensiled mulberry leaves (EML) or sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace (SMFP).

<p>¹ CONT  =  control; EML  =  ensiled mulberry leaves; SMFP  =  sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace.</p><p>² LMA  =  LM area measured at 12^th rib.</p><p>³ Fat color measurements obtained approximately 20 cm ventrally to the lateral process of the split carcass adjacent the 13th rib.</p><p>⁴ CIE color measurements: L*  =  lightness, black (0) to white (100); positive a*  =  red; negative a*  =  green; positive b*  =  yellow; negative b*  =  blue; c* =  color saturation  =  [(a*)² + (b*)²]^1/2 whereby a large number is considered to be more vivid.</p

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Effect of ensiled mulberry leaves and sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace on the fecal bacterial community composition in finishing steers

Rarefaction curve for each sample with a cutoff level of 0.03 (n = 12). Figure S2. Double dendrogram of bacteria present in the rumen of steers fed different diets. Table S1. Ingredients and nutrient composition of the experimental diets. (DOCX 323 kb

Growth performance of finishing steers fed a total mixed ration supplemented with ensiled mulberry leaves (EML) or sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace (SMFP).

<p>¹ CONT  =  control; EML  =  ensiled mulberry leaves; SMFP  =  sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace.</p

Ingredients and nutrient composition of the experimental diets.

<p>¹ CONT  =  control; EML  =  ensiled mulberry leaves; SMFP  =  sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace.</p><p>² Supplied per kilogram of dietary DM: 15 mg of Cu, 65 mg of Zn, 28 mg of Mn, 0.7 mg of I, 0.2 mg of Co, 0.3 mg of Se, 6,000 IU of vitamin A, 600 IU of vitamin D, and 47 IU of vitamin E.</p><p>³ ME  =  metabolizable energy; CP  =  crude protein; ADF  =  acid detergent fiber.</p

Blood biochemical parameters of finishing steers fed a total mixed ration supplemented with ensiled mulberry leaves (EML) or sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace (SMFP).

<p>¹ CONT  =  control; EML  =  ensiled mulberry leaves; SMFP  =  sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace.</p><p>² HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; VLDL: Very low density lipoprotein.</p