Dehydration: the stress for bacteriophage λ

The effect of dehydration of different duration on air or in high vacuum was investigated. Under the tested conditions, it caused inactivation in 95%, but did not DNA damage λ1390 bacteriophage. Neither, DNA strand break nor DNA mutation were detected, but capsid proteins were destabilized.Physical chemistry 2004 : 7th international conference on fundamental and applied aspects of physical chemistry; Belgrade (Serbia); 21-23 September 200

Norm inequalities for vector functions

We study vector functions of ${\mathbb R}^n$ into itself, which are of the form $x \mapsto g(|x|)x\,,$ where $g : (0,\infty) \to (0,\infty)$ is a continuous function and call these radial functions. In the case when $g(t) = t^c$ for some $c \in {\mathbb R}\,,$ we find upper bounds for the distance of image points under such a radial function. Some of our results refine recent results of L. Maligranda and S. Dragomir. In particular, we study quasiconformal mappings of this simple type and obtain norm inequalities for such mappings.Comment: 19 page

Sharp Riesz-Fej\'er inequality for harmonic Hardy spaces

We prove sharp version of Riesz-Fej\'er inequality for functions in harmonic Hardy space $h^p(\mathbb{D})$ on the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$, for $p>1,$ thus extending the result from \cite{KPK} and resolving the posed conjecture.Comment: 5 pages; this version has been accepted for publication in Potential Analysi

Nanoscale alpha-structural domains in the phonon-glass thermoelectric material beta-Zn4Sb3

A study of the local atomic structure of the promising thermoelectric material beta-Zn4Sb3, using atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of x-ray- and neutron-diffraction data, suggests that the material is nanostructured. The local structure of the beta phase closely resembles that of the low-temperature alpha phase. The alpha structure contains ordered zinc interstitial atoms which are not long range ordered in the beta phase. A rough estimate of the domain size from a visual inspection of the PDF is <~10 nm. It is probable that the nanoscale domains found in this study play an important role in the exceptionally low thermal conductivity of beta-Zn4Sb3

Unique extremality

Extremal mappings have been one of the main topics in the theory of quasiconformal mappings since its earliest days, when Grötzsch solved the extremal problem for two rectangles. Grötzsch showed that among all quasiconformal mappings from a rectangle R_1 onto another rectangle R_2, mapping the sides of R_1 onto the corresponding sides of R_2, there exists a unique mapping with minimal dilatation (see [Gr]). Later, Teichmüller [T] generalized Grotzsch's ideas and found many extremal quasiconformal mappings, including the uniquely extremal mapping f in the set of all quasiconformal mappings homotopic to a given sense-preserving homeomorphism between two compact Riemann surfaces R and S = f(R) of genus greater than 1. In a neighborhood of all but finitely many points on the compact Riemann surface R, the extremal map f could be expressed as a conformal map followed by an affine map followed by a conformal map. The Beltrami coefficient off is of the form k|φ|φ, where 0 ≤ k < 1 and φ is an integrable holomorphic quadratic differential

New characterization based symmetry tests

Two new symmetry tests, of integral and Kolmogorov type, based on the characterization by squares of linear statistics are proposed. The test statistics are related to the family of degenerate U-statistics. Their asymptotic properties are explored. The maximal eigenvalue, needed for the derivation of their logarithmic tail behavior, was calculated or approximated using techniques from the theory of linear operators and the perturbation theory. The quality of the tests is assessed using the approximate Bahadur efficiency as well as the simulated powers. The tests are shown to be comparable with some recent and classical tests of symmetry

The Patentability and Related Protection of Inventions for Second Medical Indications

Nowadays purpose-related product protection is permitted for each second medical use inventions. In that manner the range of old dilemmas and inconsistencies relating to the format of German-type use claims and Swiss-type claims have been resolved. The introduction of purpose-related product protection resulted in the limitation of a physician’s activities. Therefore, in a number of countries the potential introduction of a solution, according to which physicians’ activities may be exempted from the effects of a patent under certain circumstances, is being analysed.Publishe

Učinci hipnotika na dnevno spavanje smjenskih radnika

Shittworkers working on the night shift transpose their sleeping hours to the time of day which is inconvenient for sleep because ot the endogenous circadian rhythm sleep-wakefulness, the circadian rhythms of other body functions and the environmental schedule. As a result of this, a certain number of workers suffer from insomnia. This study aimed at examining the effects of two hypnotic agents with different elimination times on sleep disturbances which follow night shift work. Three groups of shittworkers took zopiclone, nitrazepam and placebo capsules during a week of work on the night shift repeating it three times so that each week of capsule taking was separated from the next by a three-week break. In the two groups on hypnotics total length and efficacy of main sleep improved as did the efficacy of all day sleeps at the very beginning ot the week, and these sleep characteristics persisted throughout the week. In contrast, in the group which took a placebo sleep was shorter and less efficacious at the beginning but improved towards the end of the week. There was no negative effect of hypnotics on the shiftworker\u27s mood after waking up. To an extent, the hypnotics proved to be useful for periodical pharmacological improvement of the length and efficacy of day sleep after night work in the slowly rotating shift system.Smjenski radnici koji rade noću pomiću svoje spavanje u ono razdoblje dana koje je nepovoljno za spavanje s obzirom na unutrašnji cirkadijurni ritam budnost - spavanje, cirkadijurne ritmove ostalih funkcija u organizmu te ritmove u okolini. Kao posljedica toga kod određenog broja radnika dolazi do poremećaja spavanja. Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati djelovanje dvaju hipnotika s različitim vremenom poluraspada, zopiklona i nitrazepama, na poremećeno spavanje nakon rada u noćnoj smjeni. U tu svrhu tri skupine radnika uzimale su kapsule zopiklona, nitrazepama, odnosno placeba tijekom tjedan dana rada u noćnoj smjeni u tri navrata. tako da je svaki tjedan uzimanja kapsula bio odijeljen od sljedećeg s tri tjedna pauze. U ovakvim uvjetima utvrđen je različit oblik promjene nekih karakteristika spavanja tijekom tjedan dana rada u noćnoj smjeni u skupinama koje su uzimale hipnotike u odnosu na skupinu koja je uzimala placebo. U skupinama koje su uzimale hipnotike došlo |e do poboljšanja ukupnog trajanja i efikasnosti glavnog spavanja, kao i efikasnosti svih spavanja u danu odmah na početku tjedna, a spavanje je ostalo ovakvih karakteristika sve do kraja tjedna. Za razliku od toga, u skupini koja je uzimala placebo spavanje je na početku bilo kraće i manje efikasno, ali se do kraja tjedna poboljšalo. Istodobno nije došlo do negativnog djelovanja hipnotika na raspoloženje nakon buđenja. Upotrijebljeni hipnotici pokazali su se u određenoj mjeri korisnim za povremeno farmakološko poboljšanje trajanja i efikasnosti dnevnog spavanja nakon rada u noćnoj smjeni u sustavu spororotirajućih smjena

The European court about the identical position of tenant and provider, as intermediaries of services, in terms of trademark infringement

According to the Directive 2004/48/EC provisions, Member States of the Union should enable right holders of intellectual property to issue an injunction against intermediaries, whose services are being used by a third party to violate these rights. However, intermediaries today offer their services to both the real (traditional) market and the virtual (digital) market. Given that the earlier practice of the European Court resolved the question of issuing injunctions against intermediaries in the virtual market, the question was raised about whether the liability of intermediaries in the real market is resolved in the same manner. The European Court gave an affirmative answer to this question. Member States, within their legislations, should provide measures, procedures and legal remedies, necessary to ensure the enforcement of the intellectual property rights. All imposed measures must be fair and equitable, not unnecessarily complicated or costly, nor to entail unreasonable time limits or unwarranted delays. Those measures shall be proportionate and dissuasive and shall be applied, in such a manner, as to avoid the creation of barriers to legitimate trade, and also, shall be effective enough in terms of suspension of existing and prevention of future infringements. Key words: virtual market, real market, infringements of trademark, injunction, the characteristics of the measures, procedures and remedies