Members’ Behavior Towards Baitul Mal Wa Tamwil

This study aims to analyze the criteria considered by individual members in choosing Baitul Mal Wa Tamwil (BMT) and analyzing the attitudes of members towards BMT. Research subjects are individual members who use BMT services. Data analysis method is descriptive statistics. The results of the analysis concluded that there were 5 factors that were considered by the members in choosing BMT, among others: ease of obtaining business capital financing, usury-free, security, satisfying service and close to home. Religious factors are not the main reason for individual members in choosing BMT. Members consider more economic factors, namely the ease of obtaining business capital.     Keywords: behavior, members, BMT, financing, usur

Forecasting Gasoline Price with Time Series Models

This research forecasts the gasoline price in U.S. and analyzes its managerial implications by means of both univariate and multivariate time series forecasting models. Gasoline price forecast is among the most difficulty time series variables during its importance to the economy and extremely volatile nature. The average regular gasoline price in U.S. reached $5.06 per gallon in the month of June 2022, as opposed to$3.41 at the beginning of 2022, a 48% increase. While gasoline prices had been rising over the first half of 2022 due to supply chain disruptions as a result of global Covid 19 lockdowns and the Russia invasion of Ukraine since February 24, 2022, they then surprisingly came down in the second half of 2022 to $3.85 in November 2022, which has caught many consumers and business organizations off- guard. Both univariate time series forecasting models, such as exponential smoothing and autoregressive integrated moving average, and multivariate time series forecasting models, such as time series regression models, are used in this research with the data for the period January 2002 through November 2022. We find that the time series regression model with trend, season, GDP, CPI, and crude oil price turns out the be the best forecasting model both on the training data and the testing data, even with the testing data containing significant turning points. Managerial implications and future research directions are also discussed

KETERKAITAN INDIKATOR MONETER SYARIAH TERHADAP PENDAPATAN DOMESTIK BRUTO

The purpose of this research is to analyze in the short term and long term between the four independent variables including: the financing of Islamic banking, the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII), the Islamic Bank Indonesia certificates (SBIS), and the money supply (JUB) to gross domestic product (GDP). This research uses the test to notice any indications of Granger was awarded a long-term relationship and Error Correction Model to see the existence of a short-term relationship. The result shows that in the short-run only SBIS that have a short-run relationship to GDP. In the long-run all the independent variables can explain the long-run relationship to GDPDOI: 10.15408/sjie.v1i1.2595

Islamic banking in Malaysia: a study of attitudinal differences of Malaysian customers

This research emphasizes attitudinal difference of Malaysian customers about Islamic banking services. The banking service providers can gain excellent benefit from Islamic banking practices upon identification of these differences. A structured questionnaire was constructed to collect the necessary data to answer the research questions as being framed on related affective factors of attitudinal differences of consumers’ in Malaysia. In this research we have employed independent sample ‘t’ test and ANOVA to test the hypotheses. Results showed that Malaysian consumers have positive attitude toward Islamic banking. Results of ‘t’ test showed significant attitudinal differences between males and females. In addition, the results of ANOVA showed significant attitudinal difference existed only between Malay and Chinese and between Chinese and Indian, while the overall attitudes of all three races were positive toward Islamic banking. One potential limitation of this study was the size and composition of the group which participated in the study. Therefore, a generalization about the entire population of Malaysian banking customers of banking sector is inappropriate. In addition, this research could not incorporate all levels of diverse attributes of Islamic banking that might influence customers’ behavior. The results of this study can facilitate the Islamic banking service providers to introduce new, innovative service offerings based on attitudinal differences and of course, in accordance with Islamic rules and regulation

Multiple directorships, family ownership and the board nomination committee: International evidence from the GCC

In this paper, we investigate the association between outside board directorships and family ownership concentration. Using a sample of 1091 firm-year observations of non-financial publicly listed firms from Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC) during the 2005 to 2013 period, we find a positive association between family ownership and the number of outside directorships held by board members. This finding is consistent with the notion that family ownership reduces a board's monitoring capabilities. We also test whether the recent corporate governance reforms in GCC, which were designed to protect investors and minority shareholders, affect firms' incentives to establish a board nomination committee (NC). We find the existence of a board NC and the quality and characteristics of NC membership act to suppress the positive association between outside directorships and family ownership. Our results are robust to the use of alternative measures of outside directorships and family ownership and models that test for endogeneity. Overall, our results suggest that the institutional specificities of emerging economies such as those in the GCC can sustain high levels of multiple directorships, which could impair the quality of corporate governance

Systematic and Idiosyncratic Risks of the U.S. Airline Industry

Understanding the risky nature of the airline industry has received attention in the tourism literature from separate angles. Although the systematic risk of the airline industry has been examined before, idiosyncratic risk has largely been ignored. This study fills this gap in the tourism literature by investigating the effect of passengers’ air travel on systematic and idiosyncratic risks of the U.S. airline industry. Using historical air travel data and utilizing both OLS and fixed-effect models, this paper documents negative relationships between the occupancy of airline seats and idiosyncratic risks for 21 U.S. airline companies. This negative effect of occupancy is more pronounced if air travel distances are shorter, companies have lower leverage ratios, and companies are smaller in size. Policy implications for both airline managers and investors are provided

Islamic Banking in Pakistan: An Attitudinal Study of Customers

The purpose of this research paper is to study the attitudinal differences of Pakistani customers about Islamic Banking System. This paper investigates the positive relationship of customers’ attitude with demographics, services, religious beliefs and financial stability of Islamic banks. This relationship is examined by gathering data from customers working in different cities of Pakistan. A questionnaire consisting standard scale, using five point likert scales (zero designated for no weightage, while four for the highest) was administered. The result of the study revealed that independent variables like demographics, services, religious beliefs and financial stability of Islamic banks have positive relationship with the dependent variable i.e. customer attitude towards Islamic Banking in Pakistan. Any conclusion of this research could not be affixed as a rule of thumb for the entire population of Pakistan because the data collected for this paper was collected on random basis from a small sample size. Similarly, there are far too many attributes of Islamic banking & finance which influence the behavior of consumers, all of which could not be covered by this study. It is hoped, that by using this research, Islamic banking can identify and introduce more innovating products and services in accordance with Islamic Shariah. Keywords: Islamic Banking, Attitudes, Demographic, Religious, Pakistan

Market Risk Disclosures and Investment Efficiency: International Evidence from the Gulf Cooperation Council Financial Firms

This study examines the association between market risk disclosures (MRDs) and the investment efficiency of financial firms from six emerging markets in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. Based on a sample of 553 firm-year observations over the 2007-2011 period, we find that MRDs are significantly and negatively associated with both under-investment and over-investment and that this association is more pronounced for larger firms. We also find that the association between MRDs and under-investment is moderated during periods of economic distress such as the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 and that the association between MRDs and over-investment is magnified during periods of reduced financial distress. Our results are consistent with the idea that MRDs reduce information asymmetry, which ultimately improves investment efficiency. We contribute to the literature in an emerging market context by providing empirical evidence on the association between MRDs and investment efficiency across six emerging GCC capital markets. This study also fills a gap in the literature by providing evidence on the factors affecting the investment efficiency of financial firms

Assessing Time-Varying Stock Market Integration in EMU for Normal and Crisis Periods

In this paper, we examine the financial integration process amongst 17 EMU countries from January 2002 to June 2013 over a normal period as well as for the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and Eurozone Debt Crisis (EDC) periods. We classify the economies in three groups (A, B and C) based on their GDP to examine whether the economic size influences financial integration. Seven indicators are used for the purpose, namely, Beta Convergence, Sigma Convergence, Variance Ratio, Asymmetric DCC, Dynamic Cointegration, Market Synchronisation Measure and Common Components Approach. The results suggest that large sized EMU economies (termed as Group A) exhibit strong financial integration. Moderate financial integration is observed for middle-sized EMU economies with old membership (termed as Group B). Small sized economies (termed as Group C) economies seemed to be least integrated within the EMU stock market system. The findings further suggest presence of contagion effects as one moves from normal to crisis periods, which are specifically stronger for more integrated economies of Group A. We recommend institutional, regulatory and other policy reforms for Group B and especially Group C to achieve higher level of integration

Assessing Time-Varying Stock Market Integration in EMU for Normal and Crisis Periods

In this paper, we examine the financial integration process amongst 17 EMU countries from January 2002 to June 2013 over a normal period as well as for the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and Eurozone Debt Crisis (EDC) periods. We classify the economies in three groups (A, B and C) based on their GDP to examine whether the economic size influences financial integration. Seven indicators are used for the purpose, namely, Beta Convergence, Sigma Convergence, Variance Ratio, Asymmetric DCC, Dynamic Cointegration, Market Synchronisation Measure and Common Components Approach. The results suggest that large sized EMU economies (termed as Group A) exhibit strong financial integration. Moderate financial integration is observed for middle-sized EMU economies with old membership (termed as Group B). Small sized economies (termed as Group C) economies seemed to be least integrated within the EMU stock market system. The findings further suggest presence of contagion effects as one moves from normal to crisis periods, which are specifically stronger for more integrated economies of Group A. We recommend institutional, regulatory and other policy reforms for Group B and especially Group C to achieve higher level of integration