Liquid acrobatics

We experiment with injecting a continuous stream of gas into a shallow liquid, similar to how one might blow into a straw placed at the bottom of a near-empty drink. By varying the angle of the straw (here a metal needle), we observe a variety of dynamics, which we film using a high-speed camera. Most noteworthy is an intermediate regime in which cyclical jets erupt from the air-liquid interface and breakup into air-born droplets. These droplets trace out a parabolic trajectory and bounce on the air-liquid interface before eventually coalescing. The shape of each jet, as well as the time between jets, is remarkably similar and leads to droplets with nearly identical trajectories. The following article accompanies the linked fluid dynamics video submitted to the Gallery of Fluid Motion in 2008.Comment: Accompanies video submission to APS DFD 2008 Gallery of Fluid Motion, low http://ecommons.library.cornell.edu/bitstream/1813/11469/3/Bird_DFD2008_mpeg1.mpg , and high resolution http://ecommons.library.cornell.edu/bitstream/1813/11469/2/Bird_DFD2008_mpeg2.mp

Article 6 in the Supreme Court: Conflicting Views on the Right of Confrontation

This article explores the disparate jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and the appellate courts of England and Wales in relation to Article 6 European Convention on Human Rights, the right to a fair trial. It examines the differing views of the UK and Strasbourg courts in relation to the right of confrontation and argues that in the absence of provision for reform, the statutory safeguards employed by the UK criminal justice system strike an appropriate balance between the rights of defendants and the rights of victims and witnesses in criminal trials

SB70-13/14: Student Infrastructure Act

SB70-13/14: Student Infrastructure Act. This resolution passed by Unanimous Consent during the March 19 meeting of the Associated Students of the University of Montana (ASUM)

The Effect of Bromide on Trihalomethane Formation

A study was conducted to examine the effect of bromide on the formation and distribution of trihalomethanes in drinking water. Chlorination experiments were made under controlled laboratory conditions of bromide level, chlorine dose, pH, ionic strength, temperature, and organic precursor concentration. Two types of raw waters were chlorinated: pure humic acid solutions and filtered Tennessee River water. Resulting trihalomethane formations were monitored over 96 hour reaction periods. The results indicated that bromide can be an important factor in THM formation. An increase in TTHM yield and a shift toward more brominated THMs was observed for an increase in initial bromide level. A decrease in the effect of chlorine dose on TTHM yield and distribution was noticed with an increase in initial bromide level. For a given level of bromide, a decrease in humic acid level was found to be associated with an increase in the amount of bromine THMs relative to the amount of chlorine THMs. Ionic strength was found to have no influence on TTHM yield or distribution for the levels of bromide examined. The effect of pH on TTHM yield was observed to be enhanced at higher levels of bromide. The temperature dependence on THM formation was found to be strongly influenced by the bromide level. The temperature dependence of CHC13 formation was found to decrease with an increase in bromide. The temperature dependence of CHC1Br2 formation was found to be greatest at a level of bromide corresponding to its predominance in the TTHM distribution. The temperature dependence of CHC1Br2 formation was found to be greatest at a level of bromide corresponding to its predominance in the TTHM distribution. The temperature dependence of CHBr3 formation was found to increase with an increase in bromide level. Similar bromide and temperature effects were observed with the chlorinations of Tennessee River water. In general, a first order computer simulation of THM formation did not give a good fit

A Family Affair: The Pre-Kansas Saga of James Henry Lane

Historian Craig Miner suggests that territorial Kansas between 1854 and 1861 was a nursery of weird and manic figures. Foremost among the weird and manic figures of Kansas history stands James Henry Lane, formerly a U.S. congressman from Indiana, and destined to become one of Kansas\u27 first pair of senators. Writing at the midpoint of the twentieth century, Albert Castel pronounced Jim Lane the most colorful and fascinating personality in the history of Kansas, adding that Very likely, too, he was mentally unbalanced and paranoid. Yet, James H. Lane never set foot on Kansas soil until he was well into his fortieth year of life. Thus, the individual who by 1860 earned a national reputation as the Grim Chieftain of Kansas hardly sprang full-blown from the prairies of his adopted state. He was, rather, haunted by a tragic past that has been largely overlooked by historians. So traumatic were the events that predated Jim Lane\u27s arrival in Kansas that they arguably determined his behavior after he settled in the territory, and ultimately became part of the mix of variables that led to his suicide shortly after the Civil War. In 1854, Lane\u27s mother, Mary Foote Howse Lane, warned her son, What a man is at forty, he will continue to be through the remainder of his life. The present study aspires to shed light on what made Jim Lane the man he was as he celebrated his fortieth birthday, just under a year before he immigrated to Kansas. Lane biographer Ian Spugeon recently noted the habit of historians to focus almost solely on Lane in Kansas, as well as a need to interpret Lane\u27s actions in the broader context of the collapse of the second-party system and the sectional conflict. Aspiring to help fill that gap, the present study suggests that a leitmotif of the Lane story involves the inception, as much as the collapse, of America\u27s second two-party system. Moreover, the saga of Jim Lane before Kansas was essentially a family affair. Enablers so far largely neglected by historians inspired and helped him along the way

Direct simulation of three-dimensional flow about the AFE vehicle at high altitudes

Three-dimensional hypersonic rarefied flow about the Aeroassist Flight Experiment (AFE) vehicle was studied using the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) technique. Results are presented for the transitional flow regime encountered between 120 and 200 km altitudes with a reentry velocity of 9.92 km/s. In the simulations, a five-species reacting real-gas model that accounts for internal energies (rotational and vibrational) is used. The results indicate that the transitional effects are significant even at an altitude of 200 km and influence the overall vehicle aerodynamics. For the cases considered, the aerodynamic coefficients, surface pressures, convective heating, and flow field structure variations with rarefaction effects are presented

Leadership and Religiosity: A Study of their Effects on Seventh-day Adventist Student Leaders

This dissertation reports a study of the effects of leadership and religiosity on Seventh-day Adventist student leaders. Data were collected through two standardized instruments (Leadership Orientation and Religious Life Inventory) and a questionnaire on activity preference of student leaders.https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/hrsa/1011/thumbnail.jp

International low back pain guidelines: A comparison of two research based models of care for the management of acute low back pain.

Evidence based guidelines for the management of acute low back pain (ALBP) have been formulated by numerous countries. There are discrepancies between guidelines regarding physiotherapy treatment. The aim of this study was to compare two research based models derived from international LBP guidelines. A single-blind randomised controlled trial was undertaken in a physiotherapy outpatients department. Subjects with ALBP were randomly allocated to an ‘assess/advise/treat’ group (n = 50) or an ‘assess/advise/wait’ group (n = 52). The primary outcome measure was the Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). Secondary outcome measures of pain (VAS, usual pain intensity) depressive symptoms (MZSRDS) somatic distress (MSPQ) anxiety (STAIS) quality of life (SF36) and general health (EuroQol) were also obtained. Outcomes were assessed at 6-weeks, 3-months and 6-months. At 6-weeks subjects in the assess/advise/treat group demonstrated less LBP related disability (p = 0.02) and depressive symptoms (p = 0.01), as well as better general health (p = 0.006, p = 0.05), vitality (p \u3c 0.001), social functioning (p = 0.004) and mental health (p = 0.002). At long-term assessment (3 and 6 months) subjects in the assess/advise/treat group were less distressed (p = 0.004), anxious (p = 0.01) and had fewer depressive symptoms (p = 0.001), as well as reporting better general health (p = 0.009, p = 0.05), emotional role (p = 0.03) and mental health (p = 0.04). Active physiotherapy produces better short-term outcomes than advice. Delaying treatment has no long-term consequences on pain or disability, but affects the development of psychosocial features