Persistent Hypertension is Associated with Low Hdl in Young Adults: an Evidence from Taiwan Five Years Population Based Cohort Study

Background: Hypertension (HT) is one of major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its combination with other risk factors, i.e. dyslipidemia, could worsen the health. The burden of CVD is now shifting to younger age, and its development is even in the earlier life period. Young adults with rare health check and lack of awareness in CVD risk factor may result in suboptimal management. This study aimed to investigate the association of persistent HT and low HDL level in 5 years follow up among young adults aged 15-25 years. Subjects and Methods: This study was done using Tw3SHH, a Taiwan population based cohort study (2002 to 2007), among young adults 15-25 years of age. HT was defined as the SBP>120mmHg and/or DBP>80 mmHg and/or respondent was told of having HT by medical personnel. HT development was classified based on their HT status in 2002 and 2007: “Non-HT (no HT both in 2002 and 2007)”, “Improved HT (HT in 2002 and no HT in 2007)”, ”Worsened HT (no HT in 2002 and HT in 2007)”, and “Persistent HT (HT both in 2002 and 2007)”. HDL was grouped based on NCEP-ATP III, and the low HDL defined as HDL<40mg/dl. Exercise, fatty food consumption and smoking status were based in self-reported questions. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic reg¬res¬sion model to estimate the association of persistent HT and low HDL level in 5-years. Covariates were sex, age, smoking habit, exercise habit, fatty food con¬sump¬tion, and HbA1C. Results: About 9.35% of 727 study subjects had persistent HT. Compared to non-HT group, persistent HT group had higher risk of having low HDL level (crude OR= 3.70; CI 95%= 1.90 to 7.2; p<0.001; adjusted OR= 2.44; CI 95%= 1.18 to 5.03; p= 0.015). This association persisted (crude OR= 4.90; CI 95% 2.29 to 10.49; p<0.001; adjusted OR= 2.89; CI 95%= 1.34 to 6.24; p= 0.007) in sub¬group analysis among study subjects without low baseline HDL. Conclusion: Persistent HT is associated with low HDL level in 5 years follow up among young adults 15-25 years of age. Although universal screening in lipid profile among children and youth is still controversial, awareness to this condition should be raised. Keywords: cardiovascular, hypertension, dyslipidemia, HDL, young adul

Pemodelan Matematik Pindah Panas dan Massa pada Penggorengan dengan Pasir sebagai Media Penghantar Panas

Penggorengan merupakan salah satu metode tertua dari proses pemasakan dan pengeringan pangan. Proses penggorengan berlangsung melalui kontak dengan media penghantar panas dan dilakukan pada suhu tinggi. Proses penggorengan biasanya digunakan minyak sebagai media penghantar panas, akan tetapi pada penelitian ini digunakan pasir sebagai media penghantar panas. Meskipun penggorengan merupakan suatu proses pemasakan pangan yang sudah lama dilakukan, tetapi proses tersebut banyak yang belum diungkap secara ilmiah.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan model matematik pindah panas dan massa yang meliputi koefi sien kontak panas permukaan (h) antara kerupuk dan pasir, konstanta pindah panas (Kp ), Perubahan suhu dan kandungan air produk (kerupuk) selama penggorengan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan eksperimen laboratorium, bahan yang digunakan adalah pasir sungai, pasir besi, plat Aluminium, dan kerupuk (sebagai sample produk). Kisaran diameter pasir yang digunakan, untuk pasir sungai adalah 0,25 mm sampai dengan 2,00 mm, dan pasir besi adalah 0,10 mm sampai dengan 0,40 mm. Peralatan yang digunakan terdiri dari peralatan untuk mengukur sifat fi sik dan termis bahan, mesin penggoreng dengan pasir, ayakan, neraca, gelas ukur, tachometer, thermokopel, data logger, interface, dan computer. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa, presentase kesalahan rata-rata nilai prediksi dengan penggunaan model matematik lebih kecil dari 10 %. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa model matematik yang telah dikembangkan mempunyai tingkat ketepatan yang cukup baik untuk digunakan

The Chrome-tanned Goat Leather for High Quality of Batik

In which the first stage aimed to evaluate sodium silica as batik wax releasing agent on chrome leather.Completely randomized design (CRD) was applied in this study. The concentration of sodium silica wastreated as treatments, in which Tl = 0, T2 = 2 g/L, T3: 4 g/L and T4 = 6 g/L. The second stage of thestudy was aimed to evaluate the type of dye used in batik method dyeing on chrome-tanned goat leather.CRD was used and the treatments were types of dye, i.e. T'1 = acid, T'2= indigosol, T'3 = napthol, T'4 =remazol. In both studies, 9 replicates were applied for each treatment. The use of sodium silicateconcentration of 2 g/L resulted in the percentage of release wax of 91.4% and did not degrade the qualityof chrome leather. The type of acid dyes and naphthol provided the best adhesion and color brightnessand resistance to washing treatment, water, sweat, bend, and rub at 4/5 to 5 on a scale of gray. Inconclusion, chrome tanned goat leather with batik dyeing method was recommended to become one ofthe raw materials of leather goods

Pemodelan Matematik Perubahan Parameter Mutu Selama Penyimpanan dan Sorpsi-Isotermi Kerupuk Goreng Pasir

Umur simpan suatu produk makanan adalah suatu batas waktu kualitas produk yang masih diterima oleh konsumen.Kerupuk goreng adalah produk yang bersifat higroskopis sehingga mudah menyerap uap air dari lingkungan. Sifathigroskopis yang dimiliki kerupuk merupakan fenomena menarik untuk diteliti, khususnya yang berhubungan denganperubahan parameter mutu produk selama penyimpanan. Pada penelitian ini penyimpanan dilakukan pada udaralingkungan (T = 28 oC, RH 80 %). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan model matematika tentangperubahan parameter produk meliputi kadar air, tegangan, regangan selama penyimpanan, dan mendapatkan kurvasorpsi-isotermi dari kerupuk goreng pasir. Penelitian dilakukan dengan eksperimen laboratorium menggunakan bahanpasir kali, pasir besi, kerupuk mentah, dan larutan garam jenuh. Kisaran diameter pasir kali yang digunakan adalah0,25 – 2,00 mm, dan pasir besi adalah 0,10 – 0,40 mm. Penggorengan dilakukan pada suhu 180 – 220 oC, denganputaran slinder 5 – 36 rpm. Alat yang digunakan terdiri dari alat untuk mengukur tegangan dan regangan (universaltesting machine), oven, timbangan analitik, mesin penggoreng dengan pasir, tachometer, desicator, hygrometer,thermokopel, data logger, interface, dan komputer. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa, Perubahan parameter mutuproduk selama penyimpanan akan menurunkan mutu kerupuk khususnya yang berkaitan dengan tingkat kerenyahan,karena kadar air, tegangan, dan regangangan selama penyimpanan mengalami kenaikan. Kesalahan nilai prediksi dandeviasi standard pada penggunaan model matematik untuk Perubahan parameter mutu kerupuk lebih kecil dari 10%.Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa model matematik yang dikembangkan mempunyai nilai prediksi dengan tingkatketelitian cukup baik

Pengaruh Suhu Dan Waktu Sterilisasi Terhadap Nilai F Dan Kondisi Fisik Kaleng Kemasan Pada Pengalengan Gudeg

Canning food is a way of preserving foodstuffs was then sterilized. Sterilization was done at a certain time and temperature. Research on the effects of temperature and time sterilization on the F value and the physical cans conditions in canned gudeg had done. The research objective was to determine the effect of sterilization on the F value and the physical cans conditions. Sterilization was carried out at 111; 121 and 1310C for 10; 20 and 30 minutes. During the sterilization process, a history of substance temperature rise recorded by using a data logger. The data generated in the analysis of the value of sterility. Observations physical condition after sterilization canned done visually using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This research resulted in the sterilization temperature influence on the increase in F value from the time of sterilization with the lowest F value is 0.123 minutes occurred in the treatment of 1110C for 10 minutes and the highest F value is 112.504 minutes occurred at 1310C for 30 minutes treatment. The physical condition of the packaging is damaged at a temperature of 1310C with the smallest percentage of damage that is 42% occurred within 10 minutes and the largest is 75% at 30 minutes. The most optimal treatment is the sterilization of 1210C for 20 minutes with F value of 4.425 minutes where all cans produced has a normal appearance. Analysis visualization and characterization using SEM produce lacquer damage occurs at a temperature of 1310C for 30 minutes sterilization and aluminum decreased by 13.85%

Effect Of Annealing On Cu-nb-sn Superconducting Wire

EFFECT OF ANNEALING ON Cu-Nb-Sn SUPERCONDUCTING WIRE. The most common application of superconductors is done in the form of superconducting wire. Among the existing types of superconductors, Cu-Nb-Sn superconductors are the most widely used as a wire, producing a high magnetic field. But the critical temperature (TC) values of its superconductors are low enough so that the resulting magnetic field and its application fields are limited. In this study we investigated the effect of annealing treatment on the Cu-Nb-Sn superconducting wire. Note that the process of annealing on superconducting wire can increase the value of the critical temperature of 8K to 16K. The increase is predicted because of the forming of Nb3Sn compounds, and the Nb3Sn compound becomes more stable.Annealing processes were performed at temperatures ranging from 873K to 1173K as well as various annealing time from 32 hours to 120 hours. The superconductivity of the samples were analyzed using resistivity measurement by cryogenic system under low temperature condition. The annealing can be performed optimally at the temperature of 873K for 72 hours when TC reaches 16K. However, the purity of the conductivity properties obtained at the optimal annealing temperature at 723K for 72 hours

Global burden of peripheral artery disease and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: Peripheral artery disease is a growing public health problem. We aimed to estimate the global disease burden of peripheral artery disease, its risk factors, and temporospatial trends to inform policy and public measures. Methods: Data on peripheral artery disease were modelled using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 database. Prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality estimates of peripheral artery disease were extracted from GBD 2019. Total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rate of peripheral artery disease attributed to modifiable risk factors were also assessed. Findings: In 2019, the number of people aged 40 years and older with peripheral artery disease was 113 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 99·2–128·4), with a global prevalence of 1·52% (95% UI 1·33–1·72), of which 42·6% was in countries with low to middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI). The global prevalence of peripheral artery disease was higher in older people, (14·91% [12·41–17·87] in those aged 80–84 years), and was generally higher in females than in males. Globally, the total number of DALYs attributable to modifiable risk factors in 2019 accounted for 69·4% (64·2–74·3) of total peripheral artery disease DALYs. The prevalence of peripheral artery disease was highest in countries with high SDI and lowest in countries with low SDI, whereas DALY and mortality rates showed U-shaped curves, with the highest burden in the high and low SDI quintiles. Interpretation: The total number of people with peripheral artery disease has increased globally from 1990 to 2019. Despite the lower prevalence of peripheral artery disease in males and low-income countries, these groups showed similar DALY rates to females and higher-income countries, highlighting disproportionate burden in these groups. Modifiable risk factors were responsible for around 70% of the global peripheral artery disease burden. Public measures could mitigate the burden of peripheral artery disease by modifying risk factors. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation