Poly[bis­[μ-1,4-bis­(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmeth­yl)benzene-κ2 N 4:N 4′]dichloridomanganese(II)]

The MnII atom in the title coordination polymer, [MnCl2(C12H12N6)2]n, lies on a center of inversion in a six-coordinate octa­hedral environment comprising four N-atom donors from four N-heterocyclic ligands and two chloride atoms. Bridging by the ligands results in a layer structure of a 14.79 (5) × 14.79 (5) Å (4,4) rhombic net topology, with the MnII atoms all lying on a plane. The parallel layers stack in an ABCABC… manner through inter­layer C—H⋯N and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds

A METHOD TO OBTAIN 3D KINEMATICS DATA OF WHOLE HIGH JUMP MOVEMENT

The purpose of this study was to introduce how to use 3D image analysis with Pan/Tilt/Zoom cameras to obtain the 3D kinematical data in the event of high jump. The attempts by a chinese elite female highjumper were filmed with two cameras. In addition to control frame, the 3D coordinates of additional control points were measured by a theodolite and transformed into the same reference system. Then these parameters were used in the Motion Analysis System and in the software to level the reference system. Finally, the 3D kinematical data of whole high jump movement could be obtained for further analyzing techniques. This method can be used to analyze other sport events

Examining Burmese students’ multilingual practices and identity positionings at a border high school in China

This study explores a cohort of Burmese students’ lived experiences at a border high school in China and demonstrates that their multilingual practices and identity positionings constitute exclusionary effects that limit their interactions with their local Chinese teachers and peers. The paper argues that these Burmese students’ in-group interactions reproduce the process of exclusion, further complicating their identity positionings. This paper confirms the established fact that transnational students are marginalized in a variety of national contexts in complex ways, and draws attention to in-group differences among transnational students with diverse backgrounds. These findings have implications for multilingual practices and education policy makers, and for a more inclusive pedagogical approach to reducing marginalization and educating students of diverse linguistic, cultural, and racial backgrounds for global citizenship

Everyday communication and identity work of Chinese students in Australia

&nbsp;Chinese cultural patterns have heavily influenced Chinese students&rsquo; everyday communication and identity work in Australia. The process of their becoming identity is represented in everyday communication. All those changes in their everyday communication trigger their identity work. Their identity work is an intense and ongoing project; its influences are unfinalisable.<br /

Crosslinked fluoropolymers exhibiting superior high-temperature energy density and charge-discharge efficiency

Superior high-temperature discharged energy densities in comparison to those of the current dielectric polymers have been demonstrated in the crosslinked fluoropolymers

Effective Silencing of Sry Gene with RNA Interference in Developing Mouse Embryos Resulted in Feminization of XY Gonad

Delivering siRNA or shRNA into the developing embryos is still a main challenge to use of RNAi in mammalian systems. Here we analyze several factors influencing RNAi-mediated silencing of Sry gene, which is a tightly controlled spatiotemporal expressed gene and only shortly expressed in developing mouse embryo gonad. A Sry gene-specific shRNAs expression vector (pSilencer4.1/Sry565) was constructed. The shRNA constructs were mixed with polyethylenimines (PEIs) to form a complex and then injected into pregnant mice though tail vein. Our results showed that Sry gene was downregulated significantly in developing embryos. Further study revealed that knocking-down of Sry expression resulted in feminization of gonad development in mouse embryos and the expression level of Sox9 and Wt1 gene was also significantly changed by downregulation of Sry. The transfection efficiency is associated with the amount of plasmid DNA injection, injection time, injection speed, and volume. Our studies suggest that transplacental RNAi could be implemented by tail vein injection of plasmid vector into pregnant mice

MEDICATION ADHERENCE STATUS AMONG RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common disease affecting about 5 in 1,000 people in Malaysia. Medication adherence among RA patients can be as low as 30% and non-adherence of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD) may result in irreversible joint damage. This study aimed to assess adherence rates and to identify potential factors influencing adherence.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Rheumatology Clinic of a tertiary hospital for 8 w from May to June 2014. A total of 51 RA patients using DMARD were recruited in this study. Researcher-assisted questionnaires were utilized. The study assessed adherence by using Compliance Questionnaire on Rheumatology (CQR5) and data retrieved from pharmacy dispensing records which were measured using Medication Possession Ratio (MPR). Questionnaires to assess beliefs about medicines and satisfaction about medicine information were also used. Subsequently, associations between adherence and demographics, socioeconomics, medication, disease and patient-related factors were determined.Results: The response rate was 75%. Depending on the instruments used, 75% (CQR5) and 60% (MPR) of the patients were adherent to DMARD. Non-adherence was not associated with demographic, socioeconomic and clinical characteristics, satisfaction about medication information and medication concerns. Beliefs about the necessity of medication (r = 0.372; p = 0.007) and necessity-concerns differential (r = 0.439; p = 0.001) were moderately associated with adherence.Conclusion: Patient-related factor was associated with medication adherence in our study population. The necessity-concerns differential of medication beliefs may serve as a possible screening tool for non-adherence or target for adherence-improving intervention among RA patients.Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, Medication adherence, Medication beliefs, DMAR

Modeling expression quantitative trait loci in data combining ethnic populations

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Combining data from different ethnic populations in a study can increase efficacy of methods designed to identify expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) compared to analyzing each population independently. In such studies, however, the genetic diversity of minor allele frequencies among populations has rarely been taken into account. Due to the fact that allele frequency diversity and population-level expression differences are present in populations, a consensus regarding the optimal statistical approach for analysis of eQTL in data combining different populations remains inconclusive.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this report, we explored the applicability of a constrained two-way model to identify eQTL for combined ethnic data that might contain genetic diversity among ethnic populations. In addition, gene expression differences resulted from ethnic allele frequency diversity between populations were directly estimated and analyzed by the constrained two-way model. Through simulation, we investigated effects of genetic diversity on eQTL identification by examining gene expression data pooled from normal quantile transformation of each population. Using the constrained two-way model to reanalyze data from Caucasians and Asian individuals available from HapMap, a large number of eQTL were identified with similar genetic effects on the gene expression levels in these two populations. Furthermore, 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms with inter-population differences with respect to both genotype frequency and gene expression levels directed by genotypes were identified and reflected a clear distinction between Caucasians and Asian individuals.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study illustrates the influence of minor allele frequencies on common eQTL identification using either separate or combined population data. Our findings are important for future eQTL studies in which different datasets are combined to increase the power of eQTL identification.</p

Diversity of archaea and bacteria in a biogas reactor fed with Pennisetum sinese Roxb by 16S rRNA sequence analysis

Purpose: To investigate the structure and function of the complex rumen microbial community in a biogas reactor by 16S rRNA gene analysis, which was fed with Pennisetum sinese Roxb as the monosubstrate.Methods: Two 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) clone libraries of bacteria and archaea were established by polymerase chain reaction. Community structure was determined by phylogenetic analyses of 119 and 100 16S rRNA gene clones from the bacterial and archaeal libraries, respectively.Results: In the bacterial library, 13.4 % of clones were affiliated with Treponema porcinum, 5.9 % with Eubacterium limosum, 5 % with Clostridium, 5 % with Bacteroidetes, 4.2 % with Firmicutes, 2.5 % with Anaerofilum and a total of 64 % clones belonged to unclassified or uncultured bacteria. In the archaeal library, Methanobacterium curvum made up 12 % of known clones, Methanosarcina barkeri represented 8 %, Methanobacterium bryantii represented 4 % and Methanofollis ethanolicus represented 2 %, respectively; the remaining 74 % of the clones were unclassified archaebacteria.Conclusion: T. porcinum and M. curvum are the most predominant bacteria and archaea in a biogas reactor fed with P. sinese as the sole substrate.Keywords: Pennisetum sinese Roxb, Archaea, Bacteria, Biogas reactor, 16S rDNA sequencin