Desain Teras dan Bahan Bakar Pltn Jenis Htr-pbmr pada Daya 50 Mwe dengan Menggunakan Program Srac2006

DESAIN TERAS DAN BAHAN BAKAR PLTN JENIS HTR-PBMR PADA DAYA 50 MWe DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PROGRAM SRAC2006. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji desain teras dan bahan bakar PLTN jenis HTR-PBMR (HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTOR - PEBBLE BED MODULAR REACTOR) 50 MWe dari keadaan Beginning of Life (BOL) sampai Ending of Life (EOL) dengan masa operasi 8 tahun. Parameter yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini adalah distribusi suhu di dalam teras, persen pengkayaan U235, komposisi bahan bakar, kekritisan, dan koefisien reaktivitas suhu teras. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menyiapkan data parameter desain teras antara lain densitas nuklida, dimensi bahan bakar dan teras, dan distribusi suhu aksial teras. Paket program SRAC2006 digunakan untuk mendapatkan nilai faktor multiplikasi effektif (keff) teras dari data input yang telah disiapkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai kekritisan teras berbanding lurus dengan penambahan pengkayaan U235. Pengayaan optimum tanpa penggunaan burnable poison didapatkan pada nilai 10,125% dengan reaktifitas lebih sebesar 3,12% pada BOL. Penambahan burnable poison Gd2O3 didapat nilai optimumnya sebesar 12 ppm dengan nilai reaktifitas lebih pada BOL sebesar 0,38%. Untuk penggunaan Er2O3 nilai optimumnya adalah 290 ppm dengan reaktifitas lebih 1,24% pada saat BOL. Koefisien reaktivitas suhu teras tanpa burnable poison dan penggunaan Gd2O3 dan Er2O3 bernilai negatif yang menunjukkan sifat inherent safety-nya

Kerjasama Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia (Polri) Dalam ASEAN National Police (Aseanapol) Untuk Menangani Terorisme Di Indonesia Periode 2002-2006

Indonesia is one of the countries that had many terrorism threats in which in2002 become the appex of terrorism accident. Terrorism cases in Indonesiaare very interesting to observe because it has been decreasing gradually from2002 and ending with a decline in 2006. The Indonesian government is oftenidentified with the Police which is responsible for addressing the problems ofcrime. Polri has many roles related to terrorism mainly cooperate withinASEANAPOL. The purpose of the cooperation is to combat transnationalcrime in which terrorism is one kind of transnational crime. This researchaims is to identify the strategies and the cooperation of Polri withinASEANAPOL to combat terrorism in Indonesia from 2002 until 2006. Thisresearch uses qualitative method with descriptive- explanative type by usingliterature reviews and interviews research technique.The qualitaive method isused to oberve the natural object. The activity in qualitative method is doneinteractively and incessantly over time until complete. To answer the problem,liberal institutional theory is used in this research whilist to support thisresearch, the researcher conducted interviews to a number of institutionssuch as the Set NCB Interpol and Detachment 88. The result of this researchshows that the cooperation undertaken by Polri within ASEANAPOL tocombat terrorism indicate that the cooperation is well-succeded indicated bya decrease in cases of terrorism and followed a decrease in the number offatalities and injuries

Pengendalian Kualitas untuk Meminimalkan Jumlah Cacat pada Produk Kaleng Aeorosol

2.64% is the largest defect percentage of aerosol can product of PT Multi Makmur Indah Industri. To improve the product quality, the study focused on the goal of reducing the percentage of defects using the Statistical Quality Control. After gaining control of the company, we can calculate the process capability in the aerosol can manufacture. The next step is identification of the defects causes that arise using the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method to measure the defect causes risks and as an input in determining control recommendations. From the observations and data processing, it is recognized that the overall phase of the process has a process capability value above 99%. 80% of defects in the aerosol cans product occur during the process of can making, component making and printing. While the most risking defect cause is the destruction ofmachine B coating on the printing process (RPN = 245) and the quality of the welding wire on can manufacturing process (RPN = 160). Therefore, the solution to reduce the defect percentage is replacing the damaged coating machine B as well as upgrading the quality of the welding wire. Thus, it can reduce the losssale as much as 1.06% (Rp110,716,000) per month

DIVERSITY OF Vanda tricolor Lindl. (ORCHIDACEAE) FLOWER-VISITING INSECTS IN THE TURGO HILL OF MOUNT MERAPI NATIONAL PARK, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

Vanda tricolor is an orchid species native to the Mount Merapi National Park, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The study of interaction flower-visiting insect is important to support in situ conservation program. The purpose of this research wasto study the diversity of Vanda tricolor Lind. flower-visiting insects and their roles in The Turgo Hill of Mount Merapi National Park. Flower-visiting insect was captured in the morning (08.00-10.00 AM), daytime (00.00-02.00 PM) and afternoon (04.00-06.00 PM). Data were taken four times in November 2011 during the flowering season. Insect samples were preserved by dried and wet phase. Sample identification was done in the Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. The results indicated that Vanda tricolor flowers were visited by insects from three orders, six families, and eleven species in the morning; four orders, six families, and nine species in the daytime; and two orders, three families, and five species in the afternoon with various role. In this research, we also observed pollination activity potential by Xylocopa latipes (Hymenoptera: Apidae). There were 14 V. tricolor flower-visiting insects from four orders and nine families. There were no significant differences between the insect diversity of the morning and daytime, while in the afternoon there was a decline in the diversity of the insects. Keywords: Vanda tricolor, flower-visiting insects, Turgo Hill of Mount Merapi National Par

Environmental and genetic determinants of two Vitamin D metabolites in healthy Australian children

Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with adverse health outcomes. We examined genetic and environmental determinants of serum 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 in childhood.Methods: The study sample consisted of 322 healthy Australian children (predominantly Caucasians) who provided a venous blood sample. A parental interview was conducted and skin phototype and anthropometry measures were assessed. Concentrations of 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 were measured by selective solid-phase extraction-capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. These concentrations were deseasonalised where relevant to remove the effect of month of sampling.Results: Deseasonalised log 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations were only moderately correlated (r=0.42, pConclusions: Environmental factors and genetic factors contributed to both vitamin D metabolite concentrations. The intriguing finding that the higher ambient UVR contributed to higher 1,25(OH)2D3 after accounting for 25(OH)D3 concentrations requires further evaluation

Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy: a SICE (Società Italiana di Chirurgia Endoscopica e Nuove tecnologie) network prospective study on the approach to right colon lymphadenectomy in Italy: is there a standard?—CoDIG 2 (ColonDx Italian Group)

Background: Colon cancer is a disease with a worldwide spread. Surgery is the best option for the treatment of advanced colon cancer, but some aspects are still debated, such as the extent of lymphadenectomy. In Japanese guidelines, the gold standard was D3 dissection to remove the central lymph nodes (203, 213, and 223), but in 2009, Hoenberger et al. introduced the concept of complete mesocolic excision, in which surgical dissection follows the embryological planes to remove the mesentery entirely to prevent leakage of cancer cells and collect more lymph nodes. Our study describes how lymphadenectomy is currently performed in major Italian centers with an unclear indication on the type of lymphadenectomy that should be performed during right hemicolectomy (RH). Methods: CoDIG 2 is an observational multicenter national study that involves 76 Italian general surgery wards highly specialized in colorectal surgery. Each center was asked not to modify their usual surgical and clinical practices. The aim of the study was to assess the preference of Italian surgeons on the type of lymphadenectomy to perform during RH and the rise of any new trends or modifications in habits compared to the findings of the CoDIG 1 study conducted 4 years ago. Results: A total of 788 patients were enrolled. The most commonly used surgical technique was laparoscopic (82.1%) with intracorporeal (73.4%), side-to-side (98.7%), or isoperistaltic (96.0%) anastomosis. The lymph nodes at the origin of the vessels were harvested in an inferior number of cases (203, 213, and 223: 42.4%, 31.1%, and 20.3%, respectively). A comparison between CoDIG 1 and CoDIG 2 showed a stable trend in surgical techniques and complications, with an increase in the robotic approach (7.7% vs. 12.3%). Conclusions: This analysis shows how lymphadenectomy is performed in Italy to achieve oncological outcomes in RH, although the technique to achieve a higher lymph node count has not yet been standardized. Trial registration (ClinicalTrials.gov) ID: NCT05943951

Micronutrient Fortification to Improve Growth and Health of Maternally HIV-Unexposed and Exposed Zambian Infants: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Background: The period of complementary feeding, starting around 6 months of age, is a time of high risk for growth faltering and morbidity. Low micronutrient density of locally available foods is a common problem in low income countries. Children of HIV-infected women are especially vulnerable. Although antiretroviral prophylaxis can reduce breast milk HIV transmission in early infancy, there are no clear feeding guidelines for after 6 months. There is a need for acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable and safe (AFASS by WHO terminology) foods for both HIV-exposed and unexposed children after 6 months of age.Methods and Findings: We conducted in Lusaka, Zambia, a randomised double-blind trial of two locally made infant foods: porridges made of flour composed of maize, beans, bambaranuts and groundnuts. One flour contained a basal and the other a rich level of micronutrient fortification. Infants (n = 743) aged 6 months were randomised to receive either regime for 12 months. The primary outcome was stunting (length-for-age Z < -2) at age 18 months. No significant differences were seen between trial arms overall in proportion stunted at 18 months (adjusted odds ratio 0.87; 95% CI 0.50, 1.53; P = 0.63), mean length-for-age Z score, or rate of hospital referral or death. Among children of HIV-infected mothers who breastfed <6 months (53% of HIV-infected mothers), the richly-fortified porridge increased length-for-age and reduced stunting (adjusted odds ratio 0.17; 95% CI 0.04, 0.84; P = 0.03). Rich fortification improved iron status at 18 months as measured by hemoglobin, ferritin and serum transferrin receptors.Conclusions: In the whole study population, the rich micronutrient fortification did not reduce stunting or hospital referral but did improve iron status and reduce anemia. Importantly, in the infants of HIV-infected mothers who stopped breastfeeding before 6 months, the rich fortification improved linear growth. Provision of such fortified foods may benefit health of these high risk infants

Establecimiento in vitro de cuatro variedades de olivo cultivadas a campo (Olea europea L.)

Plant sanitation through in vitro culture helps addressing sanitary issues that affect olive production (Olea europaea L.). Our goal was to develop a protocol for in vitro establishment of plant material obtained from adult plants grown in the field. We tested four methods of disinfection, the explants response to two cytokinins (BA, zeatin), two carbon sources (sucrose, mannitol), and activated charcoal (0 y 1 g.L-1), and the impact of the season in which materials were collected. The use of ultrasound during disinfection allowed satisfactory establishment rates (44 %). BA improved sprouting (36 % vs. 24 %), and so did mannitol (75 % vs. 20 %). The addition of activated charcoal did not show statistically significant effects on both survival and sprouting. We observed variations depending on the season of collection and the plant variety. Spring was –for all varieties– the most favourable time to collect explants: the highest sprouting rates (21 % to 62 %) and the lowest contamination levels were obtained, Frantoio and Manzanilla being the varieties least affected by contamination. Las plantaciones de olivo (Olea europea L.) presentan problemas sanitarios  que comprometen la producción y pueden mitigarse con el saneamiento vegetal mediante la obtención de plantas cultivadas in vitro. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar un protocolo de establecimiento in vitro de material vegetal proveniente de plantas adultas cultivadas a campo. Se evaluaron cuatro métodos de desinfección y la respuesta de los explantos a las citocininas 6-benciladenina (BA) y zeatina, fuentes de carbono (sacarosa y manitol), al carbón activado (0 y 1 g.L-1) y el efecto de las épocas de recolección de material vegetal. El uso de ultrasonido, durante la desinfección, permitió obtener valores de establecimiento adecuados (44 %). El BA mejoró la brotación (36% vs. 24%), al igual que el manitol (75 % vs. 20 %). El agregado de carbón activado no influenció en la sobrevivencia y brotación. Se observaron diferencias entre las épocas de recolección, influenciadas, además, por la variedad. La primavera fue, para todas las variedades, la época más favorable para la recolección de estacas; se obtuvieron los mayores porcentajes de brotación, desde un 21 a un 62 %, y los menores porcentajes de contaminación, siendo Frantoio y Manzanilla las variedades menos afectadas