Socio-economic and Political Conditions of Gujjar and Bakerwals of Jammu and Kashmir

Gujjar and Bakerwals of Jammu And Kashmir State are mostly dependent on rearing of sheep and goat. Gujjar and Bakerwal is the third largest ethnic group of the state. The culture of the community varies from other communities of the state. People belonged to Gujjar and Bakerwal community are untouched with the pleasure of outside world. The political socialization of Gujjar and bakerwals in the state is not good as compared to other communities. The scheduled tribe of Jammu and Kashmir records the population of 1, 493, 299, comprising 11.90% of the total population. Keywords: Gujjar, Bakerwal, upliftment, Jammu and Kashmi

Inclusion of Gujjar and Bakerwals in Jammu and Kashmir

Inclusion of Gujjar and Bakerwals in the state of Jammu and Kashmir is a historical event as it has changed the size and shape of the state. Article 330,32,334 of the Indian constitution provide for the reservation of seats in parliament and state legislature for the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in proportion to the percentage of their population in their respective state and union territories. Jammu and Kashmir state constitute Gujjar and Bakerwals as the third largest community after Muslims and Dogras. Keywords: Inclusion, Gujjar, Bakerwals, Jammu and Kashmi

Russia-Ukraine War and Its Impact on Global Oil and Food Prices

Due to the war between Russia and Ukraine, oil and gas prices and food prices have risen worldwide. This disruption has affected the distribution and production of trade commodities for which Ukraine and Russia are key players. Among the reasons for the price increase were oil and food items, such as wheat, oilseeds, and gas. Due to this, people who are low-income survivors have a hard time surviving. In response, policymakers provided relief for these people with subsidies or lowered taxes. However, these short-run subsidies are inadequate and ineffective remedies that will lead to a shortage of supplies. Through targeted measures, such as cash transfers, policymakers can reduce the impact of these higher prices on lower-income households. Historically, commodity price shocks have induced policy and market responses that led to a larger supply of resources and, in the case of oil price shocks, greater efficiency in consumption and substitution away from oil. Likely, the recent price spike will once again spur more efficient energy consumption and a faster transition away from fossil fuels, especially if policy responses are supportive. We collected data from different sources, including the World Bank, the IMF, and the International Energy Agency, and reports from British Petroleum and the European Commission. The trends show that besides the rise in energy prices, prices of food items are also increasing, and this trend is making people's lives very hard. These price hikes will have the most significant impact on low-income countries, and this will also lead to food shortages worldwide. Changes in relative prices will also affect global food production. As a result of the war, however, there are many uncertainties related to food supply availability, and low-income countries may have a prolonged need for international assistance due to the war. &nbsp

Fabry’s Disease: Case Series and Review of Literature

Fabry’s disease is an X‑linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of alpha‑galactosidase A enzyme with the progressive accumulation of globotriaosylceramide in vascular endothelial cells leading to cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, neuropathic, lenticular, and dermatological manifestations. It is a rare cause of end‑stage renal disease. It classically affects males whereas 10–15% of female heterozygote carriers are affected depending on localization. Both the FD and its association with ESRD is rare. With this background, this case series of five patient’s along with the review of literature is presented here.Keywords: Alpha‑galactosidase A, End‑stage renal disease, Fabry’s disease, Kidney transplantation, Proteinuri