Synthesis of 3-(2-hydroxy–3,4-benzophenyl-5-methoxy)-5-(4-methoxy-phenyl)–1-substituted Pyrazolines

1-(2-hydroxy-3,4-benzophenyl-5-methoxy)-3aryl-prop-2-ene-1-one &  semicarbazide / thiosemicarbazide / phenylhydrazine /isonicotinic acid hydrazide were added to DMF and the mixture was refluxed for about 2 hours . The reaction mixture was cooled and diluted with water. The semisolid so obtained was triturated  with ethanol to get a solid which was  recrystallised from ethanol–acetic acid mixture to obtain titled pyrazolines&nbsp

The Ecological and Ethical Consumption Development Prospects in Poland Compared with the Western European Countries

An overview of the Western European literature shows that one of the most distinct trends in consumption that has been noted in the recent years is globally increasing environmental and social awareness. The issue of consumers' behaviours and attitudes towards "socially responsible products" has been gaining importance in Polish economy as well. This article evaluates the development prospects of ethical and ecological consumption in Poland vis-à-vis Western European countries. The comparative analysis being part of the article utilizes primary sources of information, i.e. interviews with a representative sample of Polish adults, as well as secondary sources of information. A factor analysis or, more precisely, a principal component analysis, allowed dividing Polish consumers into groups that were typologically homogeneous in respect of their sensitivity to various aspects of business ethics and ecology.Przegląd literatury zachodnio-europejskiej pozwala stwierdzić, że jednym z najbardziej zauważalnych trendów w sferze konsumpcji w ostatnich latach jest coraz większa świadomość ekologiczna i społeczna w wymiarze globalnym. Problematyka zachowań i postaw konsumentów wobec produktów "społecznie odpowiedzialnych" nabiera coraz większego znaczenia także w polskiej gospodarce. Celem artykułu jest ocena perspektyw rozwoju etyczneji ekologicznej konsumpcji w Polsce na tle krajów zachodnio-europejskich. Analizę porównawczą prowadzono bazując na źródłach wtórych jak i badaniach pierwotnych realizowanych na reprezentatywnej próbie losowej dorosłych mieszkańców Polski. W oparciu o analizę czynnikową, a dokładniej metodę analizy głównych składowych, dokonano także podziału polskich konsumentów na jednorodne grupy typologiczne pod względem ich wrażliwości na różne aspekty związane z ekologią i etyką

Coffee pulp, a by-product of coffee production, modulates gut microbiota and improves metabolic syndrome in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats

Waste from food production can be re‐purposed as raw material for usable products to decrease industrial waste. Coffee pulp is 29% of the dry weight of coffee cherries and contains caf‐feine, chlorogenic acid, trigonelline, diterpenes and fibre. We investigated the attenuation of signs of metabolic syndrome induced by high‐carbohydrate, high‐fat diet in rats by dietary supplementation with 5% freeze‐dried coffee pulp for the final 8 weeks of a 16‐week protocol. Coffee pulp decreased body weight, feed efficiency and abdominal fat; normalised systolic blood pressure, left ventricular diastolic stiffness, and plasma concentrations of triglycerides and non‐esterified fatty acids; and improved glucose tolerance in rats fed high‐carbohydrate, high‐fat diet. Further, the gut microbiota was modulated with high‐carbohydrate, high‐fat diet and coffee pulp supplementation and 14 physiological parameters were correlated with the changes in bacterial community structures. This study suggested that coffee pulp, as a waste from the coffee industry, is useful as a functional food for improving obesity‐associated metabolic, cardiovascular and liver structure and function, and gut microbiota

Phase Field Model for Three-Dimensional Dendritic Growth with Fluid Flow

We study the effect of fluid flow on three-dimensional (3D) dendrite growth using a phase-field model on an adaptive finite element grid. In order to simulate 3D fluid flow, we use an averaging method for the flow problem coupled to the phase-field method and the Semi-Implicit Approximated Projection Method (SIAPM). We describe a parallel implementation for the algorithm, using Charm++ FEM framework, and demonstrate its efficiency. We introduce an improved method for extracting dendrite tip position and tip radius, facilitating accurate comparison to theory. We benchmark our results for two-dimensional (2D) dendrite growth with solvability theory and previous results, finding them to be in good agreement. The physics of dendritic growth with fluid flow in three dimensions is very different from that in two dimensions, and we discuss the origin of this behavior

Tunable intervalence charge transfer in ruthenium Prussian blue analogue enables stable and efficient biocompatible artificial synapses

Emerging concepts for neuromorphic computing, bioelectronics, and brain-computer interfacing inspire new research avenues aimed at understanding the relationship between oxidation state and conductivity in unexplored materials. Here, we present ruthenium Prussian blue analogue (RuPBA), a mixed valence coordination compound with an open framework structure and ability to conduct both ionic and electronic charge, for flexible artificial synapses that reversibly switch conductance by more than four orders of magnitude based on electrochemically tunable oxidation state. Retention of programmed states is improved by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to the extensively studied organic polymers, thus reducing the frequency, complexity and energy costs associated with error correction schemes. We demonstrate dopamine detection using RuPBA synapses and biocompatibility with neuronal cells, evoking prospective application for brain-computer interfacing. By application of electron transfer theory to in-situ spectroscopic probing of intervalence charge transfer, we elucidate a switching mechanism whereby the degree of mixed valency between N-coordinated Ru sites controls the carrier concentration and mobility, as supported by DFT

Linking the dust and chemical evolution: Taurus and Perseus -- New collisional rates for HCN, HNC, and their C, N, and H isotopologues

HCN, HNC, and their isotopologues are ubiquitous molecules that can serve as chemical thermometers and evolutionary tracers to characterize star-forming regions. Despite their importance in carrying information that is vital to studies of the chemistry and evolution of star-forming regions, the collision rates of some of these molecules have not been available for rigorous studies in the past. We perform an up-to-date gas and dust chemical characterization of two different star-forming regions, TMC 1-C and NGC 1333-C7, using new collisional rates of HCN, HNC, and their isotopologues. We investigated the possible effects of the environment and stellar feedback in their chemistry and their evolution. With millimeter observations, we derived their column densities, the C and N isotopic fractions, the isomeric ratios, and the deuterium fractionation. The continuum data at 3 mm and 850 $\mu$m allowed us to compute the emissivity spectral index and look for grain growth as an evolutionary tracer. The H$^{13}$CN/HN$^{13}$C ratio is anticorrelated with the deuterium fraction of HCN, thus it can readily serve as a proxy for the temperature. The spectral index $(\beta\sim 1.34-2.09)$ shows a tentative anticorrelation with the H$^{13}$CN/HN$^{13}$C ratio, suggesting grain growth in the evolved, hotter, and less deuterated sources. Unlike TMC 1-C, the south-to-north gradient in dust temperature and spectral index observed in NGC 1333-C7 suggests feedback from the main NGC 1333 cloud. With this up-to-date characterization of two star-forming regions, we found that the chemistry and the physical properties are tightly related. The dust temperature, deuterium fraction, and the spectral index are complementary evolutionary tracers. The large-scale environmental factors may dominate the chemistry and evolution in clustered star-forming regions.Comment: 25 pages, 20 figure

Lessons from Two Years of Building Fusion Ignition Targets with the Precision Robotic Assembly Machine

The Precision Robotic Assembly Machine was developed to manufacture the small and intricate laser-driven fusion ignition targets that are being used in the world's largest and most energetic laser, the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The National Ignition Campaign (NIC) goal of using the NIF to produce a self-sustaining nuclear fusion burn with energy gain - for the first time ever in a laboratory setting - requires targets that are demanding in materials fabrication, machining, and assembly. We provide an overview of the design and function of the machine, with emphasis on the aspects that revolutionized how NIC targets are manufactured