Reflectance spectra of Fe(2+)-Mg(2+) disordered pyroxenes: Implications to remote-sensed spectra of planetary surfaces

The reflectance spectra of Fe(2+)-Mg(2+) disordered orthopyroxenes are relevant to surfaces of terrestrial planets onto which basaltic magma has been extruded. If cooling rates of basalt lava flows were fast, equilibrium iron intersite partitioning may not have been achieved so that abnormal enrichments of Fe(2+) ions in M1 sites would occur. The two intense pyroxene Fe(2+) site CF bands in the 1 micron and 2 micron regions would continue to dominate the the reflectance spectra so that the pyroxene composition and structure type would be readily identified in telescopic spectral profiles. However, abnormal intensification of the Fe(2+)/M1 site CF band at 1.20 microns could lead to the false identification of olivine in remote sensed spectra because in pyroxene-olivine mixtures the inflection around 1.20 microns is the only spectral feature for detecting the presence of olivine. The identification of iron-bearing plagioclase feldspars, too, would be obscured by the pyroxene Fe(2+)/M1 site CF band at 1.20 microns. Such interference would be a major problem if in situ reflectance spectra could be measured on the surface of Venus where ambient temperatures are as high as 475 C. Disordering of Fe(2+) and Mg(2+) ions comparable to that in the orthopyroxenes used in this spectral chemical study might be expected in low Ca pyroxenes occurring on the Venusian surface. Researchers conclude that Fe(2+)/M1 site spectral features need to be carefully assessed in remote-sensed spectra before deductions are made about the presence of olivine on planetary surfaces

GUN CONTROL LAWS AND POLICIES REPORTED INFLUENCE ON THE ATTITUDES OF FACULTY AT MISSISSIPPI UNIVERSITIES

The concealed carrying of firearms is a polarizing subject. In general, the political left would like to see more restrictive gun laws, whereas the political right would like to see less restrictive guns laws. Research of this also seems politically biased. While one researcher will use data that show violent crime increases with more restrictive gun laws, another researcher will use logic to dictate that less guns means less violence. University campuses are generally considered a liberal environment. However, Mississippi has been one of the two most conservative states since the 1930s. This research examines the attitudes of faculty at Mississippi universities regarding concealed-carry through the lens of their political preferences. Through this dissertation, evidence is offered that a simple concept of gun control may not be best legislated through a ubiquitous framework. This research reviews the university campus and its purpose in order to explore the reasonableness to allow the concealed carrying of firearms as reviewed through the attitudes of the faculty. Lastly, this research reviews the polices and laws to make a recommendation during the development phases of each

Jonathan Besancon in a Sophomore Piano Recital

This is the program for the sophomore piano recital of Jonathan Besancon. The recital took place on February 13, 1981, in the Mabee Fine Arts Center Recital Hall

Technologies and multi-barrier systems for sustainable groundwater recharge and irrigation

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) consists of artificially replenishing groundwater to facilitate reuse and/or the associated environmental benefits. Meanwhile, soil aquifer treatment (SAT) is a process of geo-purification designed and operated to improve the quality of the infiltrating water and is thus a type of MAR. SAT consists of a basin operating under rotation of drying and wetting periods. Often, SAT involves water of impaired quality applied onto soil and consequently it implies various risks of health, geochemical and physical nature with difficult or irreversible remediation. To study the effect of pre-treatment on SAT a pilot plant including conventional activated sludge (CAS), a membrane bioreactor (MBR), tertiary and secondary vertical flow reed beds (VFRB) and SAT soil columns. The sludge retention time (SRT) in the CAS and MBR processes was changed every 6 months to look at the impact of SRT on SAT. Each unit and treatment train effluent was characterised to determine the impact of effluent quality on SAT performance. This study showed that tertiary VFRB, especially when fed with MBR effluent, was the best option for SAT and irrigation reuse as it provided the best compliance with reuse standards and the best fertilisation potential. However, long-term clogging occurred in SAT after tertiary VFRB, suggesting the need for a longer resting period or shorter wetting period. This study also highlighted the importance of total suspended solids (TSS) content for SAT removal mechanisms and infiltration rate. In particular, SAT fed with high TSS content effluent was susceptible to temperature variation. Hence the duration of wetting and flooding periods should be adapted according to the season. Further, variation in SRT only indirectly affected pollutants removal by the system including CAS treatment set up at 6 d SRT where the N compounds balance was favourable to an autotrophic N removal

MEASURING CAPACITY AND WILLINGNESS FOR POVERTY REDUCTION IN FRAGILE STATES

Food Security and Poverty,