Protection and Competitiveness in Egyptian Agriculture and Industry

This paper contains the basic statistical material upon which Effective Rates of Protection (ERPs), Domestic Resource Costs (DRCs), and crop acreage responses were calculated by the authors for their volume on Egypt in the NBER project Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development. This material, which includes some comparisons of Egyptian costs of production with those of other countries for a number of commodities, is too extensive for that volume, in which interest is focused on the end results of the calculations. The underlying data, however, are not easily accessible: some of them took us along time to gather, and readers might want to work on the data themselves for further research in this field. We also felt that readers should be in a position to evaluate our calculations.

Design and pilot testing of a dietary assessment methodology for children at school

Nutrition's impact on an individual's health and sustainable consumption of food are issues that have long been on both the public and political agenda but are often viewed as two separate debates. This is surprising since many innovation projects in food service systems are concerned with both healthy eating and sustainable consumption (organic food). The relationship between them forms the background in this study. Evidence has shown that caterers serving organic food tend to also serve healthier meals than their non-organic counterparts but, so far, no studies have been carried out in school food environments. The aim of this report was to investigate and develop appropriate methods for studying the link between healthy eating practices and organic food procurement policies using Danish public elementary schools as a setting. Based on relevant scientific literature, the Danish Dietary Recommendations, and inspired by other successful studies, a self-administered questionnaire investigating children‟s eating habits was designed. After testing by an Expert Evaluation Panel and Think Aloud Interviews adjustments were integrated. Conclusion: If special attention is given to literacy skills and cognitive development, children in Danish 6th grade classes can be used as respondents in studies of the relation between food procurement policies and eating practice

Unemployment, migration, and wages in Turkey 1962-85

The author analyzes the status and development of Turkey's labour market since 1962. He states that the estimated steady upward trend in unemployment since 1962 (to 12.7 % in 1985) may be misleading. Cyclical short term changes have been important. Unemployment was most likely declining in the early 1970s and after 1982 while it increased most between 1978 and 1982 with the stabilization program. Meanwhile, young, educated single people with little work experience and long spells of unemployment dominated the unemployment picture. Therefore, long term unemployment can be attributed to youth as much as it can be attributed to the stabilization program.. Rural - urban migration was substantial between 1965 and 1975 but, remarkably enough, was reversed between 1975 and 1980. This was probably a result of the recession accompanying the stabilization policy of 1978, which helps explain changes in rural&urban employment. In conclusion, Hansen points out that, all things considered, the long upward trend in unemployment in Turkey is partly a matter of the voluntary unemployment of a better educated population of youth, and partly a matter of involuntary unemployment related to the stabilization program.Health Economics&Finance,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Labor Markets,Environmental Economics&Policies,Youth and Governance

High damage potential of seed-borne spot blotch in organically grown spring barley in Denmark

Spot blotch of barley (Bipolaris sorokiniana, perfect state: Cochliobolus sativus) occurs wherever barley is grown but is normally not considered a major problem in Danish barley production. It is therefore not included in routine disease surveys or official variety testing in Denmark. However, recommended seed contamination thresholds are 30% for spring barley and 15% for winter barley. Several spring barley varieties were grown under organic (no seed dressing, mechanical weeding) and conventional (seed dressing with fungicides, herbicide application) production conditions at three sites in Denmark in 2003. The harvested seeds were analysed for contamination levels of seed-borne B. sorokiniana using a blotter method. The percentage of seeds contaminated with B. sorokiniana ranged from about 5 to 95 % and was highly depending on the site, production system and variety. Contamination levels of organically cultivated plots were about twice as high as those of plots receiving conventional treatments. The germinating ability of seeds was highly affected by the level of B. sorokiniana contamination and declined drastically at contamination levels above 60%. This effect appeared to differ among varieties. The 1000-grain weight was not affected by the level of spot blotch contamination of seeds. The results indicate that the importance of spot blotch may be underrated, especially in organic barley production and that the role of varietal resistance should be investigated. More results are expected from ongoing seed analyses

Foreign exchange regimes, 1945-1961

노트 : Volume Title: Foreign trade regimes and economic development: Egypt Chapter Title: Foreign exchange regimes, 1945-1961: Oscillations between Phases I, II, and

Two sided analysis of variance with a latent time series

Many real life regression problems exhibit some kind of calender time dependency and it is often of interest to predict the behavior of the regression function along this calender time direction. This can be formulated as a regression model with an added latent time series and the task is to be able to analyse this series. In this paper we engage this through a two step procedure, firstly we treat the time dependent elements as parameters and estimate them in the two-sided analysis of variance setup, secondly we use the estimated time series as predictor of the latent time series. An application to risk theory is discussed.regression, time series, risk theory

BerryMeat - sammendrag af virksomhedernes udviklingsforløb for de nye kødprodukter

Short description of the Development Work carried out by the two Companies in the project. The description leads to the final two product being included in the final consumer acceptance test and the recipes and the manufacturing proces confidential)

The influence of acoustic and physiological factors on some vowel changes in Danish

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