The effects of prenatal and neonatal exposure to electromagnetic fields on infant rat myocardium

Introduction: Electromagnetic fields (EMF) have adverse effects as a result of widespread use of electromagnetic energy on biological systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prenatal exposure to EMF on rat myocardium by biochemical and histopathological evaluations

Comparación de los efectos de la dexmedetomidina administrada en 2 momentos diferentes para lesión de isquemia-reperfusión renal en ratones

ResumenJustificación y objetivosinvestigar los efectos de la dexmedetomidina sobre la insuficiencia renal isquémica en ratones.Métodosen el presente estudio, 26 ratones machos adultos, albinos Wistar, con un peso de 230-300g fueron divididos aleatoriamente en 4 grupos: seudooperado (n=5), isquemia-reperfusión (grupo IR, n=7), IR/tratamiento de reperfusión con dexmedetomidina (grupo Dex-R, n=7) e IR/tratamiento preisquemia con dexmedetomidina (grupo Dex-I, n=7). En el primer grupo, se realizó una seudooperación y no se aplicaron pinzamientos renales. En el grupo IR, la isquemia renal fue inducida por oclusión de las arterias y venas renales bilaterales durante 60min seguida por reperfusión durante 24h. En los grupos Dex-R y Dex-I, se llevó a cabo el mismo procedimiento quirúrgico destinado al grupo IR, y la dexmedetomidina (100μg /kg intraperitoneal) fue administrada 5min después de la reperfusión y antes de la isquemia. Al final de la reperfusión, fueron recogidas muestras de sangre, los ratones fueron sacrificados y el riñón izquierdo procesado para histología.Resultadoslos niveles de nitrógeno ureico en la sangre (BUN) de los grupos Dex-R y Dex-I eran significativamente más bajos que los del grupo IR (p=0,015; p=0,043), aunque el flujo urinario era significativamente mayor en el grupo Dex-R (p=0,003). La puntuación histopatológica renal del grupo IR fue significativamente mayor que la de los otros grupos. No hubo diferencia significativa entre los grupos Dex-R y Dex-I.Conclusioneslos resultados demostraron que la administración de dexmedetomidina redujo histomorfológicamente la lesión de IR renal. La administración de dexmedetomidina durante el período de reperfusión fue considerada más eficaz debido al aumento de producción de orina y a la disminución de los niveles de nitrógeno ureico en la sangre

Effectiveness of sugammadex for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

AbstractCerebral ischemia may cause permanent brain damage and behavioral dysfunction. The efficacy and mechanisms of pharmacological treatments administered immediately after cerebral damage are not fully known. Sugammadex is a licensed medication. As other cyclodextrins have not passed the necessary phase tests, trade preparations are not available, whereas sugammadex is frequently used in clinical anesthetic practice. Previous studies have not clearly described the effects of the cyclodextrin family on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage. The aim of this study was to determine whether sugammadex had a neuroprotective effect against transient global cerebral ischemia. Animals were assigned to control, sham-operated, S 16 and S 100 groups. Transient global cerebral ischemia was induced by 10-minute occlusion of the bilateral common carotid artery, followed by 24-hour reperfusion. At the end of the experiment, neurological behavior scoring was performed on the rats, followed by evaluation of histomorphological and biochemical measurements. Sugammadex 16 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg improved neurological outcome, which was associated with reductions in both histological and neurological scores. The hippocampus TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) and caspase results in the S 16 and S 100 treatment groups were significantly lower than those of the I/R group. Neurological scores in the treated groups were significantly higher than those of the I/R group. The study showed that treatment with 16 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg sugammadex had a neuroprotective effect in a transient global cerebral I/R rat model. However, 100 mg/kg sugammadex was more neuroprotective in rats

Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Rats: The Role of Local Ischemic Preconditioning

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of local ischemic preconditioning using biochemical markers and histopathologically in the diabetic rat renal IR injury model. Methods. DM was induced using streptozotocin. Rats were divided into four groups: Group I, nondiabetic sham group (n=7), Group II, diabetic sham group (n=6), Group III, diabetic IR group (diabetic IR group, n=6), and Group IV, diabetic IR + local ischemic preconditioning group (diabetic IR + LIPC group, n=6). Ischemic renal injury was induced by clamping the bilateral renal artery for 45 min. 4 h following ischemia, clearance protocols were applied to assess biochemical markers and histopathologically in rat kidneys. Results. The histomorphologic total cell injury scores of the nondiabetic sham group were significantly lower than diabetic sham, diabetic IR, and diabetic IR + LIPC groups. Diabetic IR group scores were not significantly different than the diabetic sham group. But diabetic IR + LIPC group scores were significantly higher than the diabetic sham and diabetic IR groups. Conclusion. Local ischemic preconditioning does not reduce the risk of renal injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion in diabetic rat model

The Effects of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning and N-Acetylcysteine with Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Rat Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Model

Background. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP) and pharmacological preconditioning are the effective methods that can be used to prevent ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of RIP and N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) with RIP in the rat hepatic IR injury model. Materials and Methods. 28 rats were divided into 4 groups. Group I (sham): only laparotomy was performed. Group II (IR): following 30 minutes of hepatic pedicle occlusion, 4 hours of reperfusion was performed. Group III (RIP + IR): following 3 cycles of RIP, hepatic IR was performed. Group IV (RIP + NAC + IR): following RIP and intraperitoneal administration of NAC (150 mg/kg), hepatic IR was performed. All the rats were sacrificed after blood samples were taken for the measurements of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and liver was processed for conventional histopathology. Results. The hepatic histopathological injury scores of RIP + IR and RIP + NAC + IR groups were significantly lower than IR group (P = 0.006, P = 0.003, resp.). There were no significant differences in AST and ALT values between the IR, RIP + IR, and RIP + NAC + IR groups. Conclusions. In the present study, it was demonstrated histopathologically that RIP and RIP + NAC decreased hepatic IR injury significantly

Renal complications of lipodystrophy: A closer look at the natural history of kidney disease

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144612/1/cen13732_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144612/2/cen13732.pd

Nifedipine Induces Expansive Vascular Remodeling of Carotid Arteries in Rabbit Collar Model

WOS: 000290353100010Objective: Intimal thickening is an adaptive response to injury and to stimuli acting on the vessel wall. Vascular remodeling (VR) is defined as the changes in the size and/or composition of the vessels in response to dynamic and trophic stimuli. Inappropriate VR plays a crucial role in lumen loss and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) have been known to have vascular protective effects. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of these effects have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nifedipine on intimal thickening and pathological VR, and to examine the role of the discoidin domain receptors (DDRs), which are collagen receptors, in the VR process in the collar model. Material and Methods: White rabbits were randomized into two groups. The groups received vehicle or nifedipine (40 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for three weeks. After seven days, a non-occlusive silicone collar was placed around the left carotid artery. To evaluate intimal thickening and VR, the intimal area, medial and luminal perimeters were measured. Furthermore, DDR expressions were assessed immunohistochemically. Results: Nifedipine did not inhibit intimal thickening. The collar provoked inward VR. Neither collagen content nor DDR expressions were affected by the collar. Nifedipine constituted hypertrophic outward expansive VR by involving luminal and arterial enlargement. However nifedipine did not change either collagen ingredient or DDR expressions. Conclusion: Nifedipine did not inhibit intimal thickening. However, it resulted in favorable expansive VR without changing collagen contents and DDR expressions. Thus, nifedipine may help to maintain luminal patency and to prevent restenosis after balloon angioplasty.Ege UniversityEge University [95 ECZ 002]This study was supported by Ege University Research Found (Project No: 95 ECZ 002). Dr. Reel would like to thank to Prof Levent Ustunes for introducing her the collar model and his scientific support and to Prof Zeliha Kerry for her scientific contributions

The Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on Kidney Apoptosis in a Rat Intraabdominal Sepsis Model

WOS: 000314145000022Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on kidney apoptosis using a rat intraabdominal sepsis model. Material and Methods: Rats were randomised into three study groups: sham (n=7), sepsis (n=7), and NAC (n=7) groups. In sham group, only laparotomy was performed, whereas in both sepsis and NAC groups, cecal ligation and perforation were done. After surgical process, in sham and sepsis groups, 1 mL saline was given once daily intraperitoneally for three Days, and in NAC group, 150 mg/kg NAC was given once daily intraperitoneally for three days. Six hours after the last dose, midline laparotomy was performed to all rats, and both kidneys were removed for biochemical and histopathological samplings. Findings from these tissues were compared based on malondialdehyde levels, structural changes in renal corpus and proximal tubules, mononuclear cell infiltration, erythrocyte extravasation and cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinases (caspases)-3 immunoreactivity. Data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Witney-U tests. Results: Structural changes in proximal tubules, caspase-3 immunoreactivity and mononuclear cell infiltration and erythrocyte extravasation were significantly increased in sepsis group when compared to sham (p<0.05). Mononuclear cell infiltration and erythrocyte extravasation were significantly less in NAC group when compared to sepsis (p<0.05). Structural changes in interstitial space were increased in both sepsis and NAC groups when compared to sham (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although the findings of this study demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect of NAC on kidneys when used during early sepsis, it was concluded that NAC as a free radical scavenger should be further studied for its potential effects on cell healing and prevention of apoptosis

The Effect of Dichloronitrophenol on Amyloid Beta Toxicity and Steroid Levels

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is the most common cause of dementia, the accumulation of amyloid beta (AB) peptides has a causal role in the neurodegeneration process. AB peptides can induce synthesis of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which is a precursor of various steroids. Neurosteroids are modulators of neuronal survival and may have different effects depending on whether they are free or sulfa-conjugated

A biological tube technique for the repair of peripheral nerve defects using 'stuffed nerves'

BACKGROUND: Presently described is research examining the "stuffed nerve" technique to repair peripheral nerve defects